AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Warm-up #1: p 25: 21-24 > XO m 3.0 CTH caem POXAS=ID \2 = 3Skm ‘Aug 273.08 PM VAlnern vin HO. NAN AD ‘Aug 273.08 PMAP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 ‘ MCT Tm Oita PoC HT ee ead eee College Physics: A Strategic Approach, Second Edition 2 Motion in One Dimension LOOKING AHEADSeptember 11, 2015 AP Physics Q1.notebook Describing Motion Position We began discussing motion in Chapter I. In Position is defined in terms Chapter 2, you'll learn more ways to represent ‘motion. You will also learn general strategies for solving problems, eS aconan speed, rom tin of a coordinate system and ‘units of our choosing, ‘A game of football is ‘about mation in one: i “ia «aang athe rension witha wel re — ae defined coordinate system. of Ww Wa o Looking Back « i ‘ * 1.2 Position and Motion diagrams and graphs are key parts of displacement {the problom solving stratgies that wo will develop inthis chapter. Looking Back # 1.5 Velocity vectors and motion diagrams coe eaten sie23 Velocity Acceleration Velocity is the rate of Acceleration is the rate of change of po change of velocity. ‘Asmall change in position A cheetah is capable of a during an interval of time rapid change in velocity— ‘means a small velocity; that is a large acceleration. larger change means a We'll see how to solve larger velocity. problems of changing velocity by using the Looking Back # concept of acceleration. 1.3 Velocity eprsreneiin Side 24AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Analyzing Motion Once you know how to describe motion, you'l be ready todo some analysis, ‘The main engines of a Saturn V fire for 2"/, minutes. How high will the rocket be and how fast mil itbe going when the engines shut of? Constant Velocity One important case we will ‘consider is motion in a straight line at a constant vyelocity— uniform motion, ee sido25 Constant Free Fall Acceleration Free fall is a special case Another special case is of constant acceleration motion with constant acceleration. cd We think of acceleration Once the coin leaves your as “speeding up," but hand, its in freefall, and its braking to a stop involves motion is similar to that of ‘a change in velocity—an @ falling ball or a jumping ‘acceleration —as well gazelle, at side26AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Reading Quiz Yo 4. The slope at a point on a position-versus-time graph of an object is 2 A. the object's speed at that point. B. the object's average velocity at that point. Y¥XXC. the object's instantaneous velocity at that point. D. the object's acceleration at that point. E. the distance traveled by the object to that point. en ree ties Side 27 Answer 1. The slope at a point on a position-versus-time graph of an object is the object's speed at that point the object's average velocity at that point. the object’s instantaneous velocity at that point. the object's acceleration at that point. the distance traveled by the object to that point. moom> erences She 2.8AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Reading Quiz Oo 2. The area under a velocity-versus-time graph of an object is A. the object's speed at that point. h ‘chen B. the object's acceleration at that point. © the distance traveled by the object. Ax=0 XX X D. the displacement of the object. E, This topic was not covered angerer (03 : ¥ [gm J LY os \ = \ 3SN2 65 Were Shde 2-0 Answer 2. The area under a velocity-versus-time graph of an object is the object's speed at that point. the object's acceleration at that point. the distance traveled by the object. the displacement of the object. This topic was not covered in this chapter. A. 8. c. D. E. She 2.40AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 For each graph find displacement, the total distance travelled, and use it to calculate an average velocity and average speed. Se (a>, 8 2. : §/150-50 > 100m D2200 os 0 5 @ Sone Sep 3-310 PM Reading Quiz Oo 3. A1-pound ball and a 100-pound ball are dropped from a height of 10 feet at the same time. In the absence of air resistance A. the 1-pound ball hits the ground first. A B. the 100-pound ball hits the ground first. wg C. the two balls hit the ground at the sametime. 9 D. There's not enough information to determine which ball wins the race. ‘Side 241AP Physics Q1.notebook Answer 3. A1-pound ball and a 100-pound ball are dropped from a height of 10 feet at the same time. In the absence of air resistance A. the 1-pound ball hits the ground first. B. the 100-pound ball hits the ground first. 4 C, the two balls hit the ground at the same time. ° D. There's not enough information to determine which ball wins the race. ecrnantesin Side 212 Representations Motion diagram (student walking to school) t= min 1 frame per minute poe eee ee Table of data Graph “The continuous curve shows student's postion at all, (am) instants of time 600) ‘Time Position | Time Position e(min) —x(m) | e(miny —_x(m) 0 o 5 220 1 0 240 2 340 3 40 f (ain) _ ea ok oF Position is graphed Time's graphed on fonthe vertical axis, the horizontal axis, ian ao She 2413 September 11, 2015AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Example Problem Acar moves along a straight stretch of road. The graph below ‘shows the car’s position as a function of time. ‘At what point (or points) do the following conditions apply? + The displacement is zero. + The speed is zero, + The speed + The speed is decreasing. \creasing. ‘eintenme zdne e Side 2-16AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Warm-up #3: p 59: 7-13 odd ‘Aug 27-3.08 PM Checking Understanding Do Here is a motion diagram of a car moving along a straight stretch of road: I m/s ine | By Which of the following velocity-versus-time graphs matches this, motion diagram? K ’ ’ ’ A. B. ores Side2.17 10AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Answer Here is a motion diagram of a car moving along a straight stretch of road: Which of the following velocity-versus-time graphs matches this motion diagram? aa A. B. She 2-18 Checking Understanding vo A graph of position versus time for a basketball player moving down the C- court appears like so: Which of the following velocity graphs matches the above position graph? i pen Ete te Side 2:19 11AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Answer Agraph of position versus time for a basketball player moving down the court appears like so: \ Which of the following velocity graphs matches the above position graph? | = | | | c. A. B. D. She 2-20 Agraph of velocity versus time for a hockey puck shot into a goal appears like so: Which of the following position graphs matches the above velocity graph? Checking Understanding. Oo mz — A. B. Cc. j_penso . D. She 2.21 12AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Answer y Agraph of velocity versus time for a hockey puck shot into a goal appears like so: ‘ Which of the following position graphs matches the above velocity graph? enya tien Side 2-22 Example Problem A soccer player is 15 m from her opponent's goal. She kicks the ball hard; after 0.50 s, it flies past a defender who stands 5m away, and continues toward the goal. How much time does the goalie have to move into position to block the kick from the moment the ball leaves the kicker’s foot? Homework: Do: Finish Online Homework © Introduction LU * Chapter 1 U— go ad: Chapter 2 ores Side 2.25 13AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Acceleration Te en muvig P Avy tan = At Acceleration is: positive a, Toe conse + The rate of change of ° velocity est mine + The slope of a velocity- versus-time graph ’ ‘ on ‘The abject is moving tothe lett (, <0) ie oecesese ° Te eis mig - bun A. B>A>D>C © D. B. B>A=C>D | onfsh, Slide 2.27 14AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Answer These four motion diagrams show the motion of a particle along the x-axis. Rank these motion diagrams by the magnitude of the acceleration. There may be ties. A, Sebo pe— sero vo ve B, °eX ne_vo_s0_s0 tone a D. ove oe 00 055" A. B>A>D>C ©. A=B=C=D B. B>A=C>D D. B=D>A=c ee side228 Checking Understanding Do These four motion diagrams show the motion of a particle along the x-axis. Which motion diagrams correspond to a positive acceleration? Which motion diagrams correspond to a negative acceleration? Start A, ee 6 6 6 ee Start B, “6 re __ +0 re ve pone Start Ceres eee __e 1s Start Do eee 0 ee A. CandD C. A,B,C, andD B. BandD D. Aandc orcas Side2.20 15AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Answer These four motion diagrams show the motion of a particle along the x-axis. Which motion diagrams correspond to a positive acceleration? Which motion diagrams correspond to a negative acceleration? Start es ee Start B, e+e repo r0 sere Start C. e+04—e¢—eoa—eoe——a——o Start De ee wee A. CandD Cc. A,B, C,andD B. BandD D. AandCc ee ide 220 Checking Understanding Qo These six motion diagrams show the motion of a particle along the x-axis. Rank the accelerations corresponding to these motion diagrams, from most positive to most negative. There may be ties. sun Stat Sixt C. A=B>C=D>E=F D. A>B>C>D>E>F ores She 231 16AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Checking Understanding These six motion diagrams show the motion of a particle along the x-axis. Rank the accelerations corresponding to these motion diagrams, from most positive to most negative. There may be ties. Sat AL She ne ne ne ne Su Sut Sur Sat > moo ® Sig A. A=D>E=F>B=C C. A=B>C=D>E=F B. B=C>E=F>A=D0 D. A>B>C>D>E>F Ske 2-92 A ball moving to the right traverses the ramp shown below. Sketch a graph of the velocity versus time, and directly below it, using the same scale for the time axis, sketch a graph of the acceleration versus time. (Assume friction is neglible.) y>0 Side 2.33 17AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Ge)" Problem-Solving Strategy ‘pmerane The Prepare step of a solution is where you identify important ele- ments of the problem and collect information you will need to solve it. It's mpting to jump right to the Solve step, but a skilled problem solver will ‘pend the most time on this step, the preparation, Preparation includes: = Drawing a picture. In many cases, this is the most important part of a problem. The picture lets you model the problem and identify the important clements. As you add information to your picture, the outline ofthe solution will take shape. For the problems in this chapter, a picture could be a motion diagram or a graph—or perhaps both = Collecting necessary information. The problem's statement may give you Some values of variables. Other important information may be implied or ‘must be looked up in a table. Gather everything you need to solve the prob- lem and compile it in alist = Doing preliminary calculations. There are afew calculations, such as unit conversions, that are best done in advance of the main part ofthe solution, SoLvE The Solve step of a solution is where you actually do the mathematics ‘oF reasoning necessary to arrive at the answer needed. This isthe part of the problem-solving strategy that you likely think of when you think of “solving problems.” But don’t make the mistake of starting here! The Prepare step will hhelp you be certain you understand the problem before you start putting numbers in equations Assess ‘The Assess step of your solution is very important. When you have an answer, you should check to see whether it makes sense. Ask yourself: |= Does my solution answer the question that was asked? Make sure youhave addressed all parts ofthe question and qlgarly written down your solutions, ‘= Does my answer have the correct unit¥’and number of significant figures? |= Does the value I computed make physical sense? In this book al calcula- tions use physically reasonable numbers. You will not be given a problem to solve in which the final velocity of a bicycle is 100 miles per hour! If your answer seems unreasonable, go back and check your work. = Can I estimate what the answer should be to check my solution? ‘= Does my final solution make sense in the context of the material | am learning? a in i te ‘side2.24 18AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 AP equations and there origins. Vix >My at Xs ker Vat Mat Wy EV ead Vevet gat EE Mi ereeat N= VP Aaak Constant Velocity: Ve vy = =X qt Vnok Constant ee Acceleration)’ “Ber ne LD) ae é LA LY a ok $Y) Ae sua Hy nevitt at’ Sep 8-3:57 PM Example Problem Tennis balls are tested by measuring their bounce when dropped from a height of approximately 2.5 m. What is the final speed of a ball dropped from this height? = i ve al We 5) 22d ao als iS 2S Ve oa \e2 TO nh Shido 2.94 19AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Example Problems Atrain is approaching a town at a constant speed of 12 m/s. The town is 1.0 km distant. After 30 seconds, the conductor applies the breaks. What acceleration is necessary to bring the train to rest 1? a Zz exactly at the edge of town? = ye 2e 5X (x-y) ip Vy 7 V 144 = 2804 O= [HPF AHO The chapter begins and ends with a discussion of the possible outcome of a race between a human and a horse. In fact, there have been some well publicized sprints between football players and horses carrying jockeys. In order to render the contest more sporting, the human is given a head start. We can make a rough model of a short sprint as a period of constant acceleration followed by a period of constant speed. In this model, a very good human sprinter can accelerate at 12 m/s? for 1.0 s; a horse can accelerate at 6.0 m/s? for 4.0 s. Suppose a man and a horse of these abilities are competing in a race of 400 m; how much of a head start would the man need in order to just tie the horse? The chapter begins and ends with a discussion of the possible outcome of a race between a human and a horse. In fact, there have been some well publicized sprints between football players and horses carrying jockeys. In order to render the contest more sporting, the human is given a head start. We can make a rough model of a short sprint as a period of constant acceleration followed by a period of constant speed. In this model, a very good human sprinter can accelerate at 12 m/s? for 1.0 s; a horse can accelerate at 6.0 mis? for 4.0 s. Suppose a man and a horse of these abilities are competing in a race of 400 m; how much of a head start would the man need in order to just tie the horse? Sep 8:3:05 PM 20AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2045 [Warm-up #4: p 60: 17-20 f0 3 (7 233 ¢ D. zu, +26) ge ay tact Py) 5A 19 Gel YOu at 5 ab ” Sep 10-12'64 PM For droj -Test, poi f: down and get longer. The Free Fall an object ipped from the velocity tors point The graph has a constant slope: thus the free-fall v, (mis) acceleration is constant. leration ints down. Shde2.26 21AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Checking Understanding ‘An arrow is launched vertically upward. It moves straight up to a maximum height, then falls to the ground. The trajectory of the arrow is noted. Which choice below best represents the arrow's acceleration at the different points? A=E>B=D,C=0 E>D>C>B>A A=B=C=D=E A>B>D>E,C=0 coOp> QO Ske 2-97 Answer ‘An arrow is launched vertically upward. It moves straight up to a maximum height, then falls to the ground. The trajectory of the arrow is noted. Which choice below best represents the arrow’s acceleration at the different points? A=E>B=D;C=0 E>D>C>B>A A=B=C=D=E A>B>D>E;C=0 A. B. c. D. Shde2.28 22AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Checking Understanding Yo An arrow is launched vertically upward. It moves straight up to a maximum height, then falls to the ground. The trajectory of the arrow is noted. Which graph best represents the vertical velocity of the arrow as a function of time? Ignore air resistance; the only force acting is gravity. tse eer eme tien Side2-30 Answer An arrow is launched vertically upward. It moves straight up to a maximum height, then falls to the ground. The trajectory of the arrow is noted. Which graph best represents the vertical velocity of the arrow as a function of time? Ignore air resistance; the only force acting is gravity. she ores Stde2-40 23AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Checking Understanding Yo The figure below shows five arrows with differing masses that were launched straight up with the noted speeds. Rank the arrows, from greatest to least, on the basis of the maximum height the arrows Teach. Ignore air resistance; the only force acting is gravity. 10 , ; s 4 , 12mis Ooms t i. i. 60g 40g A. ae c | DBA) ES A_E>D>A>B>C C. C>B>A>D>E geen D. E>B>A>D>C ene thesia She 241 Answer The figure below shows five arrows with differing masses that were launched straight up with the noted speeds. Rank the arrows, from greatest to least, on the basis of the maximum height the arrows reach. Ignore air resistance; the only force acting is gravity. 10 ms Sms ams 12m/s 6 ms fs a8 fu. . fe. A B. D. E. A. E>D>A>B>C C. C>B>A>D>E B. C>D>A>B>E D. E>B>AsD>C She 242 24AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 pan bn Slide 2-45 Example Problems Spud Webb, height 57", was one of the shortest basketball players to play in the NBA. But he had an impressive vertical leap: he was reputedly able to jump 110 cm off the ground. To jump this high, with what speed would he leave the ground? 5.2 s later. What was the greatest height reached by the ball? [~~ With what speed did it leave the kicker's foot? Passengers on The Giant Drop, a free-fall ride at Six Flags Great ‘America, sit in cars that are raised to the top of a tower. The cars are then released for 2.6 s of free fall. How fast are the Passengers moving at the end of this speeding up phase of the Fide? If the cars in which they ride then come to rest in a time of 1.0 s, what is acceleration (magnitude and direction) of this ‘slowing down phase of the ride? Given these numbers, what is the minimum possible height of the tower? 25AP Physics Q1.notebook September 11, 2015 Inquiry Lab #1: 1D and 2D Kinematics Questions of Inquiry Day 1 1) Does the ball move at a constant velocity on the horizontal portion of the track? 2) Does the ball move with a constant acceleration on the inclined portion of the track? Question of Inquiry Day 2 3) How does the launch velocity predict the landing position of the ball? You must justify your answers properly collected and displayed data, graphs, equations, calculations and written/verbal explanations. ‘Sep 10-12:56 PM 26