rentice Hall PTR en , BPE RAhard Stevens ee AK hee ee Hkh PRie it at Ol tis PPS So 2 BD She SAT HT PP Se ET EY. AEA SEH, — BADE PBF (client), HH OARS HBF (server), KER RA Te Sa PEE BA SRE , BAYS TCP/IP tHE ILA Web OF BLAF CY WERE) A Web IRS REE FF, AR FTP All Telnet 9% PHUIRS PEE BAA BAERS BO BRAVO FH AY, FFF HEE Cepplication programming interface) H API #5 MEF. AD ERGR TG Ho aE APT, 1, SRE (sockets), AAT “Berkeley HA”, AH CWA Berkeley Unix. 2, XTI(K/Open 8 EO), BARR ATRT FFA AYE EO TLD 7b ht BC 4. SPHAAFHRE Unix MERE. CHASE BOSH ORAS ERE ESRF RE. KUT RAT TCP/IP Hie. BEA IP HRA 4, RAMEE 6, SEER ALT T MERA LE EA SIN AEE Ee EIR PIED Ptb ARH Ay a EBS AY EOS ER PM A + APUE: Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment[Stevens 1992] + TCPv1:TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume i[Stevens 1994] + TCPv2:TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2 Wright and Stevens 1995} + TCPv3:TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 3Stevens 1996] A GEX ZMH UNIX Network Programming) $$ — MV & Unix # TCP/IP HiXAy ARAR LAN LAHROMMOABHSS S REALE RART RAS SESE PoP MCSE. TCPv2 kA BE St, Dy EUR IPS TERE APT 9 oR (socket, bind, connect 49) #E 4. 4BSD Ley WiE SCH. BRA BB MEER RL, HI EMIS PRA TEE Be FRSR— RH PROG GHCLES, RBA T HH 1990 FH 1996 ERIKS ARP MAH RL, APR RM Usener $08 aoe IE AR CRISHARRH BLED, TRAM AH NE Roo + RAH HA IF AEA ANSI C. + SMA 6 ECBerkeley FROME” AR 8 REAR CBT AMES 25 FE, SARE SRT ABS PU AED FET A RTE A WS — BA His, HS 6 RHASRPOP AMR — eT RSF.wa + EMR 6 EHH TCP Al UDP MAM ORAH ATE TCP BRU R— 485648 05 TCP & PRS RE Be BT He HY UDP PRE RAE BE UDP % F-ARS EEF. VA connect 3525 A 3X 2 RE FADE HELE He SE SURAT AD Be BBE TCP Al UDP PE AAA. SRRWH 7 RCRRV HAAR RA OSD TRASH 7B HREM BH XT APLM PAE HEL TL APT. + EMA 2 BH CUnix MB” ROMA, X—- MRR 75 ey Unix ARAM. 1990 Sk — REAL BE BY , Ly A Te LIL PE FE BREE AY Unix BE AB AAT IRQUE Berkeley SAAR V RARZANHBR LT IM. SRS Rat Unix BSAA VGA, Ae ER ID RES A DRA D SRAAL AB. OPP MST Unix RS RAT RAY APUE BARE BAY 700 APF.) EAR 2 Be — REEMA POT CAl. AWE TES AES A BLO SATE. PM EBT RIRS ER 4, 8 7) RATE fork HR. PERLIBIE ARS 33 OM a] AFB SIGCHLD {if ST (5. 9 5) RAT ILAA Posix 48S MAY iF AAP Cl fad PERS ea FR BSD AGAR TRE Posix EO. CBRATHE 1. 10 WALA SP SB PRE AY Posix — I KK AMEE Unix BM GEBE AH fis FAY Posix. 1 HE, TT AER XTI (2% API BYRD Gay Posix. 1g PRE, UI ERABH 1996 Posix, 1 HAE. TEARIB HH MU socket #1 connect SAR BERT 5 “Fe BEA "49 Ph AB FA aI XT FAT Posix #—‘29 5 BO ASIA AS SRY ET EY A FARK. + BRITS 4 EER ATT) USS 5 BE CSB Lt DD”) ea a IP AA CIP v4) AUNGAE 6CIPVO) HI BEER A. BL ZQHG AE TCP A UDP 49% 2 Be, CHER PY ALY A ALE ELF RA SE Se YH PT. IPs RA EA EAS SAA Pa BF a ARTE eB A a a BP Bt. BEET BRE DEE 2H pe BRL Be TAL 9 PS PE 25 AY 80 96 9 SRR. RR ERLE a accept Ml select 4 APT a HLA ff ARE MGS ON aE TT SEN. PI, RA — ET TCP YS Pa HEB EAA 5} Se Ha PB, Ee Se AT TT #NA PX F XNS\SNA, NetBIOS, OST fiX A UUCP ft AE EM IK SEE DLE 20 LEE 90 SEARSIME-S TCP/IP PALE BRR, CUUCP UVR RAT TT Ate AE Ys A TT TBA.) + BIMAS THR Ea + [Pv il IPv6 HY HARE TE CR 10 Bt) * PH BSH CH 11) + ee CB 17 HE)+ Si8 GE 19H) + ROR 23 BD + IP CF 24) + BU ERT OB 26 BE) + RPA BEAR TK CB 27 HED > EAU PR 5 aH Bh CHR BD + ROS FRA HR C) SERIE EAB ETM FEM SS ITE TO AE A A A, DRUNK ABR DAWA BE OE HES eS + 4 2 09 Wl Oe Be iF CPC, HE AS ID BB (CSE & Pe IPC, Interprocess- Communication) , EH EARS B58 3 RH FETT LATHE we 1996 Posix. 1 EMH} IPC tit. + 3 MER AF GE BAD Applications), ERM ERAS 9 PRHSR. REKSHMAVABPHES 3 PPE ESR RY MEERA PT #8, EAL .Ping Traceroute # inetd. ke ABA MRR EHSS LT RAAB ASST SAS REA THE AS BOE AU CHESE 2 PRS} RoR eH a” CS 8 EEO BE) HMR AH EG. HF 2 MAA IE TCP A UDP BARE BR1/0 RAR ROBTUARRAMAS SMH. 1 SHAM TR PRE 1.4 a eae JHEP ORB. B2RRMRA RAMA CAT RAR, 3 SERRE HB ATK BRE HY eH AEF ESS ARB RET S3CR 5] TER GH LH T PA ROR UERR BLE BY TU 0. Fy A Bh BY A Ba MF PS OY SHEAR TT ATA EeHSAR. RGB API BR ee A HME XT API tS EE A TE JE TCP/IP AED E. BRS 4 BATE XT AS SR 2 ARPS 3 ATR AORN ES BFR APL tie PRL RAS PLT XTI API, Bill, iE PR APL HOR XT AAPA 1/0, SA ASS 1/0 IME AR RN RAR AMA RE. HRS MR ey ee API IE ABH FA XTI API aH) EK BAP A ASK APT EFT RUB AB API IE AT NE, — TE RSA, BWLERRASMTHC. MADER ACFE OY BT BF AY UTS aD HT SAR A EE HEL URL HAL EAR AY AC. PURGE ROH KROME RG BISBEE I. RARERS RBA AUDA REM EB E.R SHR TT AA RE aoe REKSR HPS. A ABT Bw EY HAR TL W. Richard Stevens rstevens@kohala. com http://www. kohala, com/~rstevens 1997 4 9 A FE AIZRABIY Tucson © RAE. PRA CREM SEH MM 19094 1 1 RRR GT HER ORLA 12 TOE MITE.ne LI LRM ERASE / A URS ERE STEP MPSA MERI - OST RAL ++ BSD PU SH Bie MRA MAREO 10 Unix $e + <1 64 inte Hay 12 AN 13 2% fe%e.1CP 40 UDP -- 21 RE 22 Be 2.3 UDP AP SGRAR ER 2.4 TCP FEHR 2.5 TCP eee iy ator fie it 2.6 TIME WAIT Ras 27 HOR 2.8 TCP HOB SH RIBAS 2.9 MMR BPR a 2.10 SRE BRS 2 LL SRA AF ABMS MRR Bik RROMET sosseseeseeasseeeees (47) 3.1 “aD 3.2 4D 3.3 - (52) 3.4 ~ (54) 3.5 FPR AR 3.6 inet—atoninet_addr il inet_ntoa AS ~ 3.7 inet_pton Ml inet_ntop HH 3.8 sock—ntop MAHER 3.9 teadn writen #1 readline HM 3.10 isfdtype HX BL AMR 3.12 DB seeerennee AR MER TCP EEE cess cer eees BEB ooseeeesee socket BB connect 3 bind Hi Tisten accept BH fork #1 exec HM FRR close mi + 1.10 getsockname #1 getpecrname Mii 11 Abe 12 SH BSR CPSP BSBA ia TCP BSIRS I FF main BH TCP BIR BFF i str—echo HB TCP BANS FEF main BM TCP RN PREY .str_cli HM EeAD a 22 8 4 5 6 7 5. B 9 5-10 wait Fil waitpid RMWOH 1/0 FA select F0 poll BR S78 FROG a 12 23 24 15 7.6 aT 18 29 7.10 TAL 7A Sse BA uP KROME - al accept 38 Fl HIER AAT WR BRERA AE - SIGPIPE #9 ~ BF BEAR - REBENMR ERS REREMRE - BBB sen V0 Hal select BX str—cli AME NG TT ME) RMA shutdown mM « stracli HC FBIT ID TOP BUST RIS 38 RRIF CETTE pselect it poll HE TCP UNRA HEE BIT Me AB HE getsockopt #1 setsockopt HR % HARTER L LH PRGA - PROM BAERORA - Iva RRA ICMPy6 4628 5 285%, Ipvé EO eH TCP SRO ~ fend BR iM ae8.2 reevfrom fl sendto HM + 8.3 UDP GSS ER SH RIF main RK 8.4 UDP BIS HRS-B RRIF :dg_echo M&K ~ 8.5 UDP BIA PFE main BRE + 8.6 UDP BIS PRE dg_ch 87 MRM ER 8.8 BERET « 8.9 RABERABT - 8.10 UDP BFFs 8.11 UDP #4 connect aie 8.12 dg cli RE CHETT HE) 8.13 UDP REE 8.14 UDP ob BEC NE 8.15 GEAR select MMH TCP fl UDP ELMIRA S BFE FE 8.16 Ae 8.17 3m BOR BSS SME ee 1 Bae 2 RRR 3 gethastbyname H&L 4 RES_USE_INET6 #9735 5 gethostbyname? MMS IPv6 XH 6 gethostbyaddr BR - 7 uname BBE ores ses 8 gethostname RM ~- 9 getservbyname fil getservbyport BE ~ 210 SALI ASEEE AL ST RRO ee 10H Iva FO IPv6 AYER RHE eee 10,1 MERE on 10.2 IPv4 MP5 1Pv6 ARI RE 10.3 IPv6 & P45 [Pv RH 10.4 IPv6 MAL MIRE - 10.5 IPV6-ADDRFORM 440 it 10.6 RBA AAMTE ~ 10.7 10.8Buk wa 12 1.3 4 1s 11.6 1.7 11.8 ug 11.10 udp—ciient HM 1111 udpceonnect HE 1.12 udp_server HB: 11,13 getnameinfo HX Le RARE corer 11.15 gethostbyname_r fil gethostbyaddr—r BL BRSESMURE - PE getaddrinfo BH gai-strerror HM froeuddrinfo DAME + scersvosrsseousnorssnsonnsn (232) + (232) (232) (236) (237) getaddrinfo 3 :IPv6 #1 UNIX 238) getaddrinfo BM: AF (240) host_serv BK ay tep-connect 3% (2a2y tep—listen SBE «24s) (250) (asa) (253) (255) (236) (259) 11,16 getaddrinfo # getnameinfo BMH) KR (61) wa? Ae «281 1.18 Do (282) iM PHRMA inetd BRRSS (283) 12.1 RE (283) 12.2 syslogd FPR (284) 12.3 syslog HARE +++ (284) 12.4 daemon—init H¥% " (287) 12,5 inetd SFSPSERE ose (290) 12.6 daemon—inetd B38 (294) 12.7 (296) 12.8 3a rea en een anaes + (2973 83 BROOM - (298) 13.1 WEE essserecesse (298) 13.2 ROBE 13.3. recv ffl send BM s+ (302) 13.4 ready Hi writey BM + (304), 13.5. teevmsg #1 sendmeg HR 3 305) 13.6 NR ~~ (309) 13.7 SEOABORCRERE oreo 312) 13.8 BERET THRE I/O cal) 13.9 T/TCP,®IH TCP asa ssnsesooe jis) 18.10 AN meen ' Gin13.11 S14 Unix RIL ~ Unix SRS tS PAR REP Unix marsha & 71 IR% BE FF SEBEL accept Asi 1 2 3 4 15.5 4EBESX connect :Web RIF 6 7 8 ERO 16.4 SCARE 16.5 eC Ret 16.6 get-ifi_info a ~get—ifitinfo HM #0 FRG INS eevee 17.8 UB 1 8 2 Ppa - 3 BBR HER : 18.4 GAIT HEES dacti 5 6 7 1 - 2 Seat 3 SSL Se SA HB HOA 4 TR ESE 19.5 SECM ~ 6 meast—join WA KAM ~ 7 BERS AEHY dg cli BB 8 EK MBone 214 FAH ~ 9 RARE 19.10 SNTP MR MIAEAT IIL 19.11 SNTPCR) 19.12 he : 19.13 S2k BR UDP KROMBE-- 21 SNE 211 RB21.2 TCP ASPB + 21.3 sockatmark S38 21.4 TCP Ah BE Nes « 21.5 BEARS BE a 21.6 AER 21.7 Bo S2R SEMI -~ 221 ERE see 22.2 RO LMS MS 1/0 ~ 22.3 (8H SIGIO fh UDP MAIR AEE + 22.4 Nee 22.5 Be et a 23.1 HB 23.2 BARBARO 23.3 GALEN str_cli BME -- 23.4 SERA TCP BRS SRE 23.5 Re RE 23.6 Web PSR eH 23.7 HR 23.8 APSE 23.9 Web A SPATE (Be) 23,10 Ni 23.11 Kuk PER. 24.1 24.2 24.3 24,4 24,5 IPv6 2 PR A 24.6 IP v6 Be ki « 24.7 IPV6 HELE « 24.8 ANE 24.9 DE M28 Meeeo -- 25.1 ERB voeserseen 25.2 GRE Oe 25.3 RSS25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 25.9 22. 27. HR IERE BA orsnee Ping BUF ~~ Traceroute BJF AP ICMP ESET ERE Ast» IEE se 26H PESERR TIE eon cence ene (599) BRB coven (599) BPF; BSD S)2int ta (599) DLPL: SUBS B RAO ” «601) Linux sSOCK_PACKET (602) Hibpeap 5 28 38 38 i Mi 603) REUDPHRBATE - (603) Is z (619) 619) B27 SP MSBBER IRAE 620) EE + “+ (620) TCP RF ABR HE 622) ‘TCP WS PRE (623) TCP a URS BRIE 24) 1 2 3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.9 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 $8 28 XTILTCP SPF ~ 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 TCPHRRE BEF BEM P FEB - TCP BEM FE IRS IY accept FL MART TCP fSEIR A FUP IRS BPEIF accept WCRI TCP SACI FIR 4 BDF paccepr (i RRS TCP HAREF HERS BALE (PBMRE « TCP FERS BBE TEP TR TCP RAM RRE MRS BEF SPREE B accept TCP RAMBRERS BEF ERR — accept Aa Gh « 624) 627) (633) (636) (637) (642) (643) (645) (648) 649) AMS XTIX/Open FRMROME PB (650) open BK (651) terror #il t_strerror RRC + (654) snetbuf S541 XTI 24H) 1 tbind RR t-connect #3:28. 28. 28. 28. 28. % 29 10 t-snddis # t_revdis HK 12 xtirdwr RB + 13 Ne 1 2 3 4 5 alloc Al tfree HME 6 7 8 9 10 Bh 1 2 3 4 1.5 xti-accept HM 6 7 8 9 1 10 ee 1 a 3 4 torovuderr BSE PAPI 5 6 7 7 corey fil and BS 8 t- look HR + 9 tosndrel fl t_revrel BM 658) (660) “+ (661) (662) (663) (666) «667) (667) LL XTI TCP Eff / BA PEE 4 3a XT, BE SMH + (668) HER eo /ete/netcontig StF netconfig HK NETPATH (625 8 5 netpath RRL netdir HE ~ (668) (668) (670) (er) (673) (675) (675) (676) (680) 680) tgetproteddr it sti_ntop wie + tep-connect 9% JN XTL: TCP ARS BRERA vee PR (listen 88 tep—listen iM ~ teaccept BBE se + (681) (6a) + (682) (683) (685) (686) (687) (689) «691) (698) 698) PROS OUE Te / RR A SER IEHE xti-eccept BM CET Ns XTL-UDP & PRURS BE iE terevudeta fi t_sndudata BR Ht udp-client BR ~ (700) <700) «T00) 700) 704) (708) (708) (710) udp_server BM ~ BARRIER Asai32.1 a7) 32.2 (713) 32.3 XT + a (714) 4 toptmgmt Ry +e (7 32,5 MUMS ERE (718) 32.6 PERM XT! (721) 32.7 hee + (724) 39H TE sevvseseee ns) 33, 33. at eR 33.3 getmsg #2 potmsg 3 } 33.4 getpmsg #9 putpmse BRE 1 (728) 2 3 4 33.5 ioctl BEML 6 7 8 (725) (729) (730) (731) 731) (740) 33.6 TPT feng AO 33.7 A 38.8 DRE eee (740) 34 XT HHH --- + (741) 3.1 ERB sn ALD 34.2 FRO ay 34.3 toreveonnect Ht (ald 34.4 tgetinfo BM (74a) 34.5 t_getstate RT (742) 34.6 t_syne BRK (743) 34.7 tounbind BM (745) 34.8 trewy fl trevvudeta RL (745) 34.9 tusndv Al t_sndvudata BY - (748) 34.10 trevreldete il tsndreldate a6 Ht 34.11 ARR /O (746) «7a7y 3612 ASME wn 34.13 RHR HEE 752) Md Ne on see tee RoR FARR A LPv4.1Pv6ICMPv4 #0 ICMPv6 ++ Al ROE A.2 [Pye XR (784) * (154) * (754)(785) (758) A.3 IPv6 &®B Ald [Pv sib AS IPve idk (762) A.6 ICMPv4 #0 ICMPv6, FURR HEE IH BOR + (766) ARB HLS seseecansnnnsee + (769) Bl MB ~ “+ (769) B.2 MBone B,3 6bone « 769) amy PRC ARERR eee reeeeseceeseeees Cl REAR C2 PREP ARS C.3 sock BEF Cok iE C5 Ce cr (773) (773) cm) (778) (780) raz) 782) 783) WRD RAHRRB- D.1 np. h Set D.2 config. h RK D.3 unpxti h Se 3CHF (784) 784) 787) (789) Di 4 SRE ARARB “= CF91) FARE BBSP SIRE ets eessnnneesaneenes (194 WRF SHRM + (828) WRG MARE MSR + (837) ARH BENS + (840) PART PRAM 842)1.1 OB KASAI A ASE T 4} LABS «EP client) AAR AF (server) .© HA 1.1 Bi THX PSY BE TZ NAL fs ap Manne nae E11 ESSA SE PR KSEE CBS & PSR 8 AY SE a) Web 3 WERE CRE PA Web IRS SF ASGHAR SFTP & PMA FTP RS ERA NE Telnet % PIMA ELOY Telner AR HE EMBER FE, WERK AST ARS ESR ALA Web tl MERE Oy PA PRATT HE 10 4h6h AMT USFS AR AY Web RSAMIT. AMS BH MERE. THERA SEER POHAR IFAS AG AF TUAA 1. 2. LURES AIL AE — SE EPS PRT He Be Ps SS MH BE ZU SLA Be WSS TAM. AS BY AEE TCP/IP BIH HR BRP. HE Web Fe FAR HB 2 Te] HHA TCP Bik. TT TCP fe AY IP pot. TP SAUDI FDS ATE SRS SOC PS EEE, SOIR PS 9 BE Pe] A (RA 1. 3 ASH. FAIR Ee P55 Hs BB ZT SH BF FP SAD TOC BM, So ALA Ly Be SAR SB AS id HH a TE ST Jat PAR. DAE, APA R P Client WS Bere RATE, REEMA UL PT AOS RETR TARE SPREE ED A SLE SP RAORS BEE), A LMETHAM EM SPEARS BEN). CANT ROORKEE, ‘RS BIE. FLPRALA (application TAMAS MOREE PME A He FE) An A ODER Ae 2 A A AS AL LALA RADI WAR BT RAE. BEI (program) HW (process) RAE RAEI exe LATED. exec PEATLL 8) shell BB ARM FS CASE A 27 AT LAE Fk PM tH TE Re ATI exec RS HET PRA, CHK exec AAA ID, TK TEAS DOABLE fork RHEL AS a, PAN SDRAM AA SAO KBE, 4 %2 LABS MAL TCP/IP. BP PR a ee 1.2 AR 5 RB TDS hE ee PR pips 4 | weber BAB Od web | woag yo 1 j wep Fee eel roe | fen rachis i tee 4 alae eta DLAI vata gat | PI, | omens re cn PUB AO NE TERRI WER 1.3 BP PRS AEA TCP PEAT Pe HAE RHE, SPASMS RRA PEST TCP A IP MHRA BORD. RATER 1.3 FRY TOR, FEA RM TCP Al IP Oi. eS PRS EEA UDP BER TCP, 2 HEPES Sy ik ER. BN] — ALA “TP "RE 20 HEE 80 ERR OL TEX S ME IP WAC ACEP version 4,B]1 IPv4), IP MAS GCIP version 6, Bil 1Pv6)zE 90 SE{RAT PARAKEET ABRIL IPs. AHMAR IPvs HMMM MRR, Bi ete (3 FR FA FH LA Pd, Ti LEA UP ve. MSR A HERE Pwd I IPG, tT TRv6 SETHI Ph FEAL AUN Be TE SCH Se AE A A A BP SIRS a Hew 1. 3 BARE T Al A Sa AR 1 4 TR PAU AH Se RHE BK At SF Bo BB router ) 2 BES J PE1 i tt 3 Be oh BEAL SSP C4 PL AS PH HA AY TSR JE FA (Internet) , RIL ol FALE ASS «TD A A Ph T.-L PB HRES PES, CAEL REI, RAP cate TCP BRA A SPRPR KCNA RESBNAS RAMS TEP REIL Dvd Liets, ALR LPG LEME TT «BEA He FE eS EO PIR PE RE 11 RPE. AA Aes TCP RS RR SERS PE BI. eP IR RARE ate (EL 4 1cP/ iP TOP/ IP HE MEAL LAN LAN) Be Pee WAN Se Re ae he Bae PRL 1. 4 EFA PS PR BT UA EAE PO A REM, RATE RT ORB, POR AES RY PST Re TASES Bl FET AU ak, EBL AB ELS IP HOS ANDRE ARSE. 4S SAN Unix BAH Posix id, ER MASR BRA RE. RATES 28 Posix BY BG EA IR EE AY API AY REE, FEST A Ha He SU A BE 9 . D HH, internet ASA L. RTH (the Internet) CHET A Bia MAA ARPANET SURI ESR A REM, AB TRIM Ginternets)« ALIRIE TCP/IP HAP AR ER ERRZ— ey HP HH ONY A EE A, BASET“Internet Protocol "i AR"HIER IL” CHEM “Internet Protocol” #8 “internet protocol” 4 B1-€ A LHR) “internet Society” FR MAES,4 SY st TCP/IP 1.2 AM RAS ET ID/ NA ERNE R—-MRO OT, FEAR A SERB DINTS RAMBLE. 1.5 SE TCP Ot lB)/ AAS PLATS, EP SIR HAY TCP ERR BRI BE BOY 4 Ae A CY eR. 1 #inckde "unp. hi" 2 int 3 main(int argc. char * » argv) 5 int = socktdsns 6 = char recvline[ MAXLINE + 115 7 struct sockaddr_in servaddrs 8 it Carge 1 = 2) 9 ‘err_quit@’ usage: a. out <\Paddress>"); 10 if € (sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM.0) ) < 0) " err_sys(""socket error”) 12 bzero(&:servadd,sizeot(servaddr)> 5 13. servaddr. sin—family = AF_INETs 14 servadkr. sin_port = htons(13); /* daytime server * / 15 if Ginet_pton(AF_INET ,argv1].8.servaddr. sin-addr) <= 0) 16 ‘err_quit(" Inet_pton error for 34s". argv[1])s 17 It Connect socktd. (SA ) & servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) 18 ‘err_sys(” connect eeror”) + 19 while ( (n = read(socktd.recvlinesMAXLINE)) > 0) 20 reoviine[n] = 0; /* null terminate * / at It fputs(recviine.stdout) == EOF) 2 err.sy("fputs error”): 23} 24 itm@<0 25 ‘orr_sys("read error”) 26 exit(O)s a) . 1.5 TCP atfl/ A RA PBF [intro/daytimetcpeli. c] RRMRA BAA RAG MBN aD A AE GRA AE HR DW Aid HRA Ae He BERGE ET AL a AE Oh BM IL REAR AS. Ree lds F P 45 intro/daytimetopeli. c AFRAIM AH AKA intro, 8 daytimetepeli. co RHA ARRGMT RGR, LNT BD. BIA PEAKBDPOBALE | ABRAMS HHT, Be SOAR IESE SHE AY AeA AE AE ot Bb PT) LR HLA tH fe GR YB, Bee MURA aR ARF AE RAE CF a. out JPMTE HA BAR1s fet 5 —_—_——___ Solaris % 2. out 206. 62. 226. 35 ATA EN Fri Jan 12 14:27:52 1996 RAR MTA R RAMA RA RARE SE Aa a a RE AR AGL, shell REF ARR SF AMP H solaris), LWA S Et bis tt GH, BL 16GB FRAT METH AR, ENGELS EM RUS BARE RB. EDEL 1.16 9 27 45 FS ALAR LAT VF eH AB OW RA SP A, PVRS PSB IE BY BRD A TE 5 AAG DL ea RA EW EH BFF A-TRAK unp. hy WD. 1 WPA ESATA RM ARIG IN T MAS & BRA ol MAXLINE) .© SeTee B2~34F RA main RWNEX HERS SSK, ARAFHOHRBED Al ANSE RHE) C RIRSE. tim Tce 0 SB 1L0~11 47 socket HSK OK Pls (AF_INET) #4 iff (SOCK STREAM) AEH. SE TCP RHR HARES F . Pw GE oh A HRS ZEB a SC BY connect #fl read HH FA). BNR A CR RRA MeO if 6 @ SF socket Jk 04 78M , Hdeik BIS HF sockld, MB MIR i He REVF 0, TREN SHEN CBA, sockfd = socket(AF..INET.SOCK-STREAM,0): if (soctd < 0) FHRRATSHR—-HRERG CEDAR, RRCRTORABM CD FERA GRAM TR RES), BAH fo RIE LAL 8 Be, Heat — AA PED HAA & Minix HRD $ [Tenenbaum 1987],24 — 1 GSA, 6 84 while $4) Lik Fa FHA, © PATE, PMB. ETA Hdefine Ohh 52 RAVER IEW HBL, A const BRA IE MSFN IA ML ATT AWARE TERT A). A A ORR E LAR Re, Ae MA MN RUA TRIN IE A CEL MEP AIRY. AGE KS WLS AEA Hdefine 1 RAHM. AA" MME OT AT BAL A A EI RAR, BATTS RA ATE RH6 SLABS THAI TCP IP DL RAT HEB BI AEE GI (socket) GF BANAL AD BH BAT TE TE BB JRE ELBE POW SEEN APT (sockets APD. Bt 412% socket (4) 29 SCRE BEE 1H API A NS}, EB PRR 7 “TCP BRO”, CAMTCP ik (TCP endpoint) "Ay FAI XA. WR socket BEUA HAM RTH YA BAY err_sys BORAT. Pew AC RANE 6A) He ABS Bs AER AY AT CA “Protocol not supported (RAS MH)" HF) J RAL SERAIAT. BPR ROAAR A ere HRY PEE He TH SG LD Fe ERSS PH RO BR 2~ 16 Fz -ARATELAR SA RE AY TP Sa hk AN SAL A SE OSL HC ser vaddr fY sockaddr—in 436). HA beero $i TEMAS BELL BEY AF_INET 3} 0 By 13GK HE daytime HRS BAY ACA A HE OT SCE IRS EAA] TCP/IP EOLA SUEG 2. 13), BE IP HL yr FP — ASA Corgvl 1D. IP ALA AAR SER RATE BH bron“ LBP ALBEE”) He eM — HE HS i et_pton (“Hes BMH”) KAM ASCH fe FFB CAM 206. 62. 226. 35) AIA. ‘beero RK ANSIC Hh, EHIMRF Berkeley ABAG. Kit, MTA RKB as MERA ANSI C 4 memset SK, BW bzero( 4-H A) HL menset (2 PRBOLR FIG. LPR RHE APL DT HLRA brero, to RK AiR HK TA up. h KKH LAME —~ BR GER ARG, ATCPv3 BAG MAP EAI T B10 F AEA Me memset yk H = te BS PREG, CHIBR THR WIR, GPRM MARS. ORR, BOARKA int RM RAPHMA size_t, HAA MH unsigned int KR, ARPA RA O Fe 16 HF HHP KAM KYLIE A A memset HK BRAG ROE RMT E, DARHT PRR MO, BRL ARORA RAR S HERO BRE RARER DEMO R ES BPFH 0, KL, CHRAMEG, KA brero HA TARR HR, B Ado RRA BRAC HEBER brero HAPKMA SARI. inet_pton HRA —A+AF4F [Pv MH HR, LM RA HA ML, SROKA inet_addr #4, ASCH APT RAK HEME MRA EMH FIR $1, inet_pton AE TiS AR, to RAY A EA KARE a MRT A 37 BRAG E MEM, DHE socket MR ERO” HEAT. We EP APL 2 —BSERET Cockers, FAG AAD ‘PRI JF DCMT OU HLP fwockets API, sockets library 45) XTI — FE ARIE SURG BET, SOU ALAA SEMEL Uni SEALE OE LO RA LA TRAE HT PEK AOE AAT CL" RE A LPR SO Ae ESPANA sockid Heme RE ERR ASE MG TIE Lb a, SE PR PEE BY Unix 6 ECA A TM EA, EM1 or 7 BI SRSRHEE 9 17~18 47 connect MAW TCP BRO LATE Re EY BT RTA AY SEE ALOT I AER. connect HY = PS RH ER Oi ab aH BE TEP EE HA, OT ERC PRE sizeof Hae PR SRI. SA ZI X unp. h PE LH struct sockaddr, BUH ABER OIBa AY, BARC E98 OAD Se OH HL By XP EL Ds RS a Td — PB SOT, REA BRO BET ANSI C RHE, BBL TE 20 HEC 80 ERE MAI SEH RMON void * HES ALG ARTY A. DEA “struct sockaddr” 15 “FAR CEE AL WARE AY A RT Ee ae SA. SE AT 8. 3 RITE. KAFRARS BOLE H19~25 FF RAPA read REARS FE A SE PTE LY 1/0 BR fputs HE HR ORTLAES TCP 2 WEIRD AWE PRON. ABH AR a WR 26 FSA Fri Jan 12 14:27:52 1996 V\n S04, \r\n B ASCH FARNESE. AF THAME AT 26 FPS PALMER TLS A 26 HA TCP PW AE TOR SPF WBE 26 THY, BIE 26 FTN EAKEAS LTO BERS BRAS BRA 26 BAA TA FER BR ABA RITA RIK read TH BEI URS AHO. Alte M TCP Be RHR EAE read SoH ce MIE PY read iB El OC FAM AEE) RR A CRE DAT A AE ZEA 1c TAY AR HH HR A RRP eo. RAK OR I A AT TP Hypertext © PATE RATER LGR TNR RM AOC RSC Me a. Bin NS es *AR Tread HRS AEE AF FF fpuns AE” LANA connect IA A break HGF #4 EHH “AT con- ect RSCTA Woh CHARI RL IHD REBT C HEATH break FAURE OR” DATE, HE ALULIR SS fy ERT AR ONL EAR CP PRIME (PUD HF HHL PDU 2 — EME FICP ME. FAHY A PDU HARE, WRIA RAT BI S RI. ME TCP/IP RT. (SCF RS CS PR EE) TE PU HH Cate TCP BY DEED RLIE AE (cecord, UDP. PUR) PEP MARES A IRA RLM LETRA UDP RUBE HE Ah OLR el IEF ERG IONE). HERR ETE SERR OY PU ABH Cocgment TCP Hh) SEB REAHE (datagram, UDP Eo BO RATHI HRLOY . TCP FER ASS ch TCP 3S} ALS (chunk fe REED HER UDP BE RMIT th UDP PRE SIR AR HH. RETA Z MSC PDU RHP (packer, HPAES) ALD A PRE ERB Sh A ah LP EE oh AT AAT A, A TS PU HY SR RTD AM Sh RAPD HBR Chragment) AGH BLE RAZ MRO RMI. TCP/IP PUREROR, — AUS FRG ES ASH PRE. CREA SCOR Z (ATR AY POU AE CHreme) PSE REY AEN SP CO Fe AERA Hr Be SB) ah A he, dF UDP BLALMERE.UDP #1 IP abe CHER 28 ASAT — A UAE I aR ORAL ARI AS Ry PU BR AL ea HE SRA TE CD MRS AH FE SUH, te EF ACR PS BO (Ot PB AY SYN PIN 43 RRR TCP 11 ASL FR TE BY PU, 5 Th PHO A TH PAY SU. SS PEA MSS REALAL FS HZ POR Oe MTU UU a A PZ ASi aS Sh TCP/IP Transfer Protocol) Pi. 34h Ath WL, fal FTP (File Transfer Protocol) HX SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) (biX48 (HH Ey ASCII ARTA RUN 2 EAT EFL IE i2 Hk. Sun RPC (Remote Procedure Call) #1 DNS(Domain Name System {#/ TCP Bt 7E5 4 CRANK —T IMT, HER CROKE. REAP RBS TCR ABA HACRARMIC. MARF RRR SCRA HE RUORACELR, ABE eR HE. La S26 FF exit IAL AEF. Unix EERE SE IE BT RAR SHH LIE TCP Owes. ARAB HE RE ALTE TL AY TA ERA ER 1.3 BRAKE PS 1.5 FBS Pvt HAY 5} AE IF A MEL sockaddr_in #44), HB sin_family RAH AF_INET , 48 socket BAHWH8—th8H4 AF_INET, ABE 1.5 BAF ATE IPv6 EiSTT. RATA AB. PB 1. 6 SBS AY VATE IPs ERE FT HY MOAR BPR RIB RN EAP. 1 #include —"unp. h” 2 int main(int argeschar » x argv? At 5 int sooktdns 6 char recvline[MAXLINE + 1]s 7 struct sockaddr—in6 servaddr 8 itterge 1 = 2) 9 err_quit "usage a. out ") 10 If (sockfd = socket (AF_INET§,SOCK STREAM.) <2 nN err_sys(" socket error”) s 12 zero (&.servaddr sizeotservackr)>s 13° servader. sin6_family = AF_INET6s 14 servaddr. sinG_port = htons(13), / * daytime server + / 15 if (inet_ptonAF_-INET6,argv[1] .8-servackr. sin6_addr) <= 0) 6 err_quit("inet_pton error for %s" ,argv[1])+ 17 if connect(socktd, (SA ) &.servaddr,sizeot (servaddr)) <0) { 18 ‘orr-sys("connect error”); 19 while ( (n = read(sockfd,reeviine,»MAXLINE)) > 0) ( 20 reovine(n] = 0; / null terminate + / a it(fputs(recviine stdout) == EOF) 2 err—sys("fputs error”) Bo) 4 itaRie fe i Bint 4 main(int arge.char + « argv) 5{ 6 int listenta,conntds 7 struct sockaddr_in servaddrs 8 char buff MAXLINE]s 9 timet ticks; 10 Listenta = Socket(AF_INET.SOCK_STREAM.0); 11 bzero(8.servader sizeof (servaddr)) s 12 servaddr. sin_family = AF_INETs 13 servaddr. sin_adde. s_addr = htonl(INADDR-ANY); 14 servaddr. sin_port = htons(13);/* daytime server * / 15 Bind(listenfé. (SA » ) &-servaddr sizeof (servaddr) + 16 Listen listenfd.LISTENQ) s Wo forC a df 18 connfd = Acceptilistenid, (SA * NULL NULL) s 19 ticks = time(NULL) + 20 ‘snprintf (butt, sizeof (butt) ,” 4. 248\\n" ,ctime (ticks) 5 a ‘Write (conntd buf strien FIN MMW, 2.5 TERS eh eS ik TCP ERA TCP Hy, MRLEP BNE PRE RL AA T RS EI HOF SE A HGR. RU FSG. + MULE PRUE AHR SS SERPS Uva FAR, A 1. 9 ARS PE KS ESE, CMALT getaddrinfo BR. + AIRS BBE — WK A fe AE — AEP Ea a A HE ARS RA PIE HEAD TY RIG RE — TF accept BAM, KHL A ‘GTA FA PA He BSL time AM ctime, HER AGES. {HLA SU RLU BE FLA Sw Th PEP MILER) RRL AV TRB MATS POR. HLL 9 ARIS BEA WY IE ARABS BE (iterative server), AMAA PE BERT. IRR ARS #8 (concurrent server) BFA SHR BRA, TART READ EE Se he PR LH SORIA Unix (1) fork BCR. 775), ASTEPRE—T FRE. KARL FG BOR AR fork 0.23. 45), EMR S EB SOT TSE fork — ERR FH (R27. 69), + SUFRAE shell Sy OFF TH BUA AS A AYR AE PAA Ee AR I a, SPER ERRE HER HET, PERRI RS RAO EE1 ft St 13 ee Unix SF 9°206% (daemon , Bl 2 5 #8 3247 » AR RAE AT PES A EH) HE TR 12. 4 a. 1.6 BPR PAR PE LT RSL ze AFL BAS AS ET ET ET RR + APE / HSE PAR EE IF GF Ra TD 1.5.1.6 1.9). + LSTA PAR BEF PRT 5 ED. AT REAR HBROAAEGH RAUF 4 TRL TROFROBFRE WEARS FERS. PE 1. 10 Fae TAS AR A / SP A SB PRATER. PB 1.11 a TP / BM A A A PL 12 TT PUP AI 78 MARA 1.13 FUT RS RE KS _| He 15 4 | TCP/IP ed PLAT 1.6 8 TCP/IPV6 BEAL 9.8 218 | TCP/IPv4, fiX #33 ,1H A gethostbyname fil getservbyname 17 244 | TCP, HX F638 TAA getaddrinfo Ml tep—connect 112 252. | UDP, HR IE2% BHA getaddrinfo #M udp_client 16.11 350 | TCP, G2 ANSEF connect 28.13 664 | TCP/IPv4 .XTL, DAH 29.7 679. | TCP.XTI, GHRHX IMA netdir_getbyname #1 tep_conneet 318 703 | UDP.XTI. thi 7638 WAH nerdir_gerbyname Ml udp—ctient 31.4 708 | UDP, XTI BF EMRE 31.7 709 | UDP. XTI RIE FH RAR AR 33.8 732) TCP, HMA. TPL (RR AL XTT El 197 | TCP, PeiRAH A 4 SIGPIPE E.5 800) | TCP Pei SE FB ee SEH CI Ade SEF K/L MSS E.13 809 | TCP. PHSAH, SIF AEH # (gethostbyname) RR IP Hit E.14 810 | TCP, PHL AVFEMME Ceethostbyname) 1.10 RSF ARAVA / AR PaO RE i | det 1g 11 | TCP/IPwd, LAI 19 247 | TCP. BMX AX .TA A getaddrinfo #1 tep—listen 11.10 249 | TCP. HM A636, BAI getaddrinfo #1 tep—listen 1.15 285 | UDP. PRX, WH getaddrinfo Ml udp—server 12.5 290 | TCP. UML 7L3, Heth AY PAA RES 12.12 298 | TCP. UMM FEA DA inetd SPP REALE HE 30.5 688 | TCP, XTI.PN3E3. IMA netdir_getbyname #1 tep-listen 31.6 708_| UDP, XTI, HY AX 1AM netdir_getbyname Ml udp—server PRL. 11 ASR FE AR LTR) / RS ERBie SRLS MSNA TCP/IP 54 69 6.18 87 a9 8.17 13.2 13.4 13.5 wd 14.6 15.3 15.9 15.21 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.9 18.10 20.6 21.14 23.2 24.6 wl az 413. 416 47 514 545 ‘SE ‘TCP/IPv4 BX ARIE TCP. fF select TCP, {EAH select Heit BHA ELE UDP/IP v4 PLAS UDP EARS SPAY a AE UDP iAH connect SAE H ‘UDP, 62) SIGALRM if 54 iH 4-34 05 OY A Os 8 BOT UDP (FH select BRE BEARS 2609 Me Arad i sae ‘UDP fi!) SOLRCVTIMEO 4¢ 6 YE7% 1 ARH BB 05 1 at el shat Unix RF HE PHS Unix RAE PHS ‘TCP, GASES 1/0 ‘TCP. SEAT HEE fork) ‘TCP, REE 8G RI RST UDP AFF IE UDP, RATS PARAS HY HE UDP SHEE FA peclect WERT RAR A TIS ‘UDP 343118 Al sigsetimp # siglongimp BRT 32 FARAH 3 UDP , JE MES Ab FD IPC BRT EARS UDP, (REIS BAG ALF EE AY aH TCP FAA SECA REA SS A TCP, (8 Ft eR TCP/IP vA, di it DB 112 ABR S PRE eS 5.2 8.12 6.21 6.25 8.3 8.24 13.14 14.3 14.5 4.15 20.4 20.15 21.15 22.4 23.3 23.4 515 ba TCP/IP v4 HH TCP/IP v4 DUS WHR RIE TF TCP/IP v4, HAE EHH select, MEE ALTA BP TCP/IP v4 » BHA» HEA poll. hE PEALE AE UDP/IPv4 HHS TCP # UDP/IPw4. BABE » 1 FH select TCP, SR HRHE 1/0 AE Unix RF a DUE Unix RRR BA Unix REG A Ps EE UDP. Bei BA Hi aE Al Be HE OT RUT UDP #96 57 8 FS TCP, (RFE SH oe Po “UDP sf FF SESH BY 1/0 TCP. TERT RE TCP ETRE — TRE ERT BHMRim ft 1, TCP/IP v4 » 9 tH BEC A OR UDP, 85H icmpd SiH 5825 475 UDP, #198 5 i #8 6 He 113 APFRHOURFBR ORAM 1.7 OSI HA SHR DER HP 9 — RB RE A PR CISOD BY Ht LS AB IE (open systems interconnection OSI) #4 «3X JE- hs BEA, A 14 a » LT a T SPAREN AER Saat 7 BAB Aree 7 PRE aA s| sae eo 4 me ‘Tce UDP xT 3 Fase Pv, 1Pv6 | 2 | Kelme RemgErH we 1 wae # OST PARE anay FA 1.14 OST RATA BR EDO BEATA Hy OST $B U EY FP EB AR SEE OE MR BE A SS DG HEL ERE ASHRAF Peo 1500 WHEL AP) MTU CAR DHE TE 2. 9 IRIE Sh, BAN ARB DE iB. F24 ey Iva Al [Pe BPD ab BR A TR. FER] EAE TOP a ‘UDP, RADETESS 2 RARE 1]. Bl 1. 14 EN PDL, Ae TCP 5 UDP ZA TD OR Hoty BY FA BF OT Wh Be a He AM TA OE Fa TPve, 3 95 EE Grew socket) » RAPHEAESS 25 HME. OSI HHA EBERHART. RE Web BP dH) Telnet FT, Web ARS-#E FTP HRS BF BH (th FEE HER, ER BX OST BELAY = PHT ARB. ASHAMED EO XTDALER MAD ARR M RO. A CORR Hee aT EE I Be XT ASO TCP st UDP SER. RIND AUR SAEHET AESE 26 RATE SE IP ES YB AE AT OB. att ASE Ml XTI ABE OS MA LARS ERANRO? ARB SNC ER 1.14 OAT. a hb Sa FFP, Telnet a HTTP) FRR USHERS SOU 5 TF UA SAL FS HEL AS ASE « SRG SF16 Si Boy fish#N TCP/IP AU SAPARO SEE TAS ERRASS, SOAMARLIOPMAER HERE TTF PA HE SRE ABEL — BEE. Unix “5 RL AE SE ABA GR FF PREACH. AV Ze FAS 5 FZ TRY YR PR RT FCAPD,, 1.8 BSD MBkeaR HEC APLAR 1983 ER 47H) 4. 2BSD PAPAS. A 1.15 WRT SH BSD RAM ARH SER, EEE TCP/IP iy BB. 4 OSI HYIN-F 1990 48H A BSD WAT ,4. 3BSD Reno BATMAN APL AT ORAL, KE BFS 4. 2BSD 8) 4. 4BSD HS HRGMA, CHA Berkeley 1 FHL AR HRA (CSRG) ANBRAMA MA Unix RRB. RTT AY A IR WY LHR AVR HSA} Ca TCP/TP BY BR Unix AR EE APD AYE Gd Telnet #1 FTP (2° RUAR SS BEEP) ARIE AG FUR AT&T a5 Unix OFFA, FE 1989 432 Berkeley FF MH HET H—T BSD KIA CSA PR AM Unix BAF LAR LH BSD RGEC. LEA Ay FT Bf) RS EE oA EE & FTP HR. WB Berkeley A) Meh 4S 1994 4E HY 4. ABSD-Lite #1 1995 4EA 4. ABSD-Lite2, 3X0 ARATE HE th FEATHER, 4H BSD/OS, FreeBSD,NetBSD fl OpenBSD, & (ta EF FE. BKM BSD MAA HY Unix BEG ATMA A [Mckusick et al. 1996 ]09 98 1 x. RS Unix ROUT RA A BSD PASE SHES COIS APD RATA SATB Berkeley fi 38H (Berkeley-derived implementations) , 42% Unix REMLMARE TK BV WOK 4(SVR4) eH AEA Berkeley 64 FO XHPACES CH UnixWare 2. x), MUHA SVR4 AEA SE Se FEARS NY EAM TY FFA BY Cl Solaris 2. x). A Linux RSE. — Fe HAWK RAM Unix SMA, EAR PIES Berkeley Ay A HS LAE DAPI EMAAR. 1.9 WRAMBREBL FRY 1. 16 SBR T 5 OF a eS A SEW A ELAR TB AR ER SARE A 57 EE HT ES RR bi), SEA ELS AS RAB. WBF WLLL HW 206. 62. 226. 32/27 FI 206, 62, 226, 64/27 AIL AL AEB #BE kohale. com IRA, MEF PM AL Wy 140. 252. 1. 0/24 WLLL EBLABA tuc. noao. edu SUAS» EE fT] LARGE A IAT. PE /27 A/24 He ne MS OS Ze a ‘RRO AFP 93 Se ie A A. 4 AP A. 5 ES BSR PH UPd HE AL 4 RS SORA TET /n inte. 116 PREAH AE aS EE ART A EL, Sh aR AEALK ft sr 7 ARH AA ARES EOLA HE EE Sun RH ARHAK SFA SunOS 5.x HR Solaris 2.x, BAK IMHE # Solaris, 4. 2BSD (198346) BT ea TCP / Pe FAVRE TT APIA | 4, 3BSD (19864) aT TPE | 4. 3BSD Tahoe (198842) Networking Software 1. OW (19894), Net/1 4. 3BSD Reno (19904) EB a SLIPS. #6 3 oe sockaadde () 0B IE BSD Networking Software msghdr (13 TEA 2, Off (19914F), Net /2 4, 4BSD (199348) £8, nt 4, 4BSD— Lite (19944%) fextwbyne/s | psD/os ‘FreeBSD NetBSD ‘OpenBSD 4. 4BSD— Lite2 (19954%:) iis Ah psp ACA ABER FA 1. 16 FRA 05 Bl FF FY PS ME, OE a be Fr ANY, PRA ROS LAY PSIG th, UR EE KA HE EA SM Unix ZR APIA tS HY KT HS A netstat A ifconfig, PH #—MAA TA 1.16 RE138 S61 #55} Se TCP/IP HOF. BUM BK LSS EH RA RAE AS ae el BE HES PRB TER A PERM th > ERC /sbin Sh /use/sbin PAS A HAE Ft /usr/bin , FAI Me BAe] BB ANE PRS HY shell $88 BEE PATH) AK 4.2 Digi Unie SD/05 3,0 Une 2.0.30 gM, Setuin 2.8.1 UnnWase Gore) coBtw/Pve) ALABSD- ie) GRetiae 3) SAS as pin Power ‘Ae Tred xt6 “ote “f ton be * ee ee | | ses | crn | « 42] 3a 40) 3 | | M06 62.108. 32/27 35 tevamataiooscese20000004/66 gj eos eta comit 4s Tae) OS l aas| Al | cncr Met va 208 85.40.74 HP-0K 10.30 i Soins 2.6 ve) Gan) Fleeces e Pam RISC i pe fa tare eds ‘won 081001 2:37 164.25 viz 0 489304 Ind 1500 OLE one 11220 0 4893 «0 4 © WATE, FMI Cnanual pages W men pages) KA Unix RBM TO man >a RBH AHS MUS AER PHM A, He FM I He A DS TBAT men HA,Ble it i9 ind 1500 206. 62.226. 206. 62. 226. 42 1220 0 4803 «0 4 ind 1500 v6 FE8O: +600:2837 6426 11220 0 «4893 0d ng 1500 IP v6 5F1B,DF00.CE3E.E200+20;800-2837 16426 12200 0 4893 0d fo0 1836 Link #3, 12432 «0 1248200 400 1836. 127 127.001 yas2 0 124320 fo0 1536. PvE al 12432 «0 «124822«CO tun 576 = Link #t 4 o 0 0 0 Oo ‘und 576 PVG +206. 62. 226.42 o 0 o 0 0 2. netstat -r StH BA Ee 28 5X Sb I — AA REE SY, AR dn is SH LE ‘hk, Ar SA A BR ae Be SAY IP Hh ix % netstat -rn Routing tables Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Mu Notif Expire Route tree for Protocol Family 2 (Internet) ; default 206. 62. 226.62 UG 0 0 - end) 12/8 127.0.0.1 u 0 0 - 00) 206. 62.226. 32/27 206. 62.26.43 U 4 485 > end) Rute tree for Protocol Family 24 (Internet v6): 3/96 ue 0 0 1480 sitQ => otault ue 0 0 = ol al oH 0 0 16896 100 S5Mb 100: ce3e6200+20, «/80 tink 2 uc 0 0 1500 en — 1080: /16 tink #2 uc 0 0 1500 en = 1080; :2:0+800;2078.6363, link #2 UHL 1 0 1500 nd 104s +/16 nt u 0 0 = bed 0211/16 feB01 1800s Sator 2636 u 1 3 1800 end AH /16 al u 0 0 = ed 12:/16 1680; +800; Safe: 2036 u 0 0 1500 end AMPH, RIVERA T FO 3. PRO LF. BUT ifconfig TRAST AT linux % ifconfig eth ‘ethO link encap; 10Mbps Ethernet HWaddr 00.A0:24:90:43:34 inet addr : 206. 62. 226. 40 Bcast 206. 62. 226. 63 Mask +255. 255. 255. 224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU; 1500 Metric: RX Packets 484461 orrors:0 dropped: 0 overruns.0 ‘TX Packets 450113 errors .0 dropped; 0 overruns 0 Interrupt. 10 Base address -0x300 SX HLS itt TIP HO he FARES ASHE MULTICAST pil WH EO KAS 8. alpha % ifconfig In In0; flags =c63 inet 206. 62. 226. 42 netmask ftiftteQ broadcast 206. 62. 226. 63 ipmtu 1500 AH ifconfig HIMBA H-o tak. DT a CRE OY. 4, BRA HHS EBL IP HA RZ LET HSE AL TT ping tS. bsdi % ping 206. 62. 226. 6320 SAS fai TCP/IP PING 206. 62. 226. 63 (206. 62. 226. 63) . 56 data bytes 64 bytes trom 206. 62. 226. 35: icmp_seq=0 tti=255 time=0. 316 ms 64 bytes from 206. 62. 226. 40: icmp_seq=0 ttl =64 time=1. 369 ms (DUP!) 64 bytes from 206. 62. 226. 34; icmpseq=0 tt1=255 time=1. 822 ms (DUP 1) 64 bytes trom 206. 62. 226. 42; iomp-seq—0 tt] =64 time=-2. 27 ms (DUP!) 64 bytes from 206. 62. 226. 37: icmp.seq=0 tt1=64 tir . 717 ms (DUP!) 64 bytes trom 206. 62. 226. 33: iomp_seq=0 tt1=255 time=3. 281 ms (DUP!) 64 bytes trom 206. 62. 226. 62: iemp_seq==0 tt] =255 time=3. 731 ms (DUP!) 78 WA PB CDEL) ——— 206. 62. 226. 63 Ping statistics —— — 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, +6 duplicates, 0% packet loss round-trip min/ avg/max = 0. 316/2. 215/3. 731 ms 110) Unix $e HK Unix HELIA S BOR BAL i Posix Ml Open Group #0. POSIX Posix (Portable Operating System Interface) J“) Si fF BSE "AES PREPS ME TE ASF Lv SA TEEE FF 22 04 PR HERE. Posix 1,8 ISO #1 TEC (ii Ba Ha LB A Se) RA THE CP A HH ISO/IEC). 3B—A Posix #RHES IEEE Std 1003. 1— 1988 (33170), ER WREAR Unix AMY C TEE BR FBR, He IRA fork exec. iF RIT aE) ERA CA ID EE AD SCS BRT 1/0 BRO PRR 1/0, RRB IE REFS PCP) tar Al cpio AAR. B—% Posix te £1986 + & th H “IEEEIX” 64 XM MK, Posix H BFR Richard Stallman #32 & Fl. SX MRHETE 1 9905 BLE BY IEEE Std 1003, 1—1990(3435600) .' tL HR FRHE 1SO/ TEC 9945— 111990, P1988 KK AB) 1990 AS FT OE De BFE AY PR “Part 1 System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language”, #87 bRHE C iH TF API. F —% Posix $i 482 IEEE Std 1003. 2— 1992, & fi Mil AM “Part 2: Shell and Utilities”. Hi Ai ARH 2 3629130051 1X MIP EXT shell EF AH V fy Bourne Shell) Al KHM004 Se AABIE OA Shell 3 SUTIN BF. LH awk basename, vi il yacc AF) ARH SRP IRAE Posix. 2. FEE —7 Posix R4EE IEEE Std 1003. 1b— 1993, 56H IEEE P1003. 4 3X $EX41003. 1 — 19904 EA ES. WA T P1003. 4 RAFF AAT SET DB .1003. 1b-1993RHES l99OtT EA HCO BA RS RE 1/0, EE map MHA) AT HEY BPS eT SF BT ADAP. 1003, 1b— 1993 HR HESESIOR FET —+ Posix #R4EE IEEE Std 1003. 1,19964FMG(IEEE 1996], 2421003. 1—1990 (2E% APT), 1003. 1b—1993 (CRT H AB), 1003. 1c — 1995 (pthreads) #1003. 1i— 1995 (Rt 1003. 1b 48 RHERE TE) 3X7 PRE HR ISO/IEC 9945—111996, EMA T SRREASSik tt 21 re 743 Wl ARS HSIX TAME Posix. 1, 143K PAID — $ ty Heth R WEA H “Rationale and Notes( M4 i206)" HAR AR Ae RISD TRAE Mt AP ME ts to RI A ATR EARR-HARH, JM MEAS HT Et 7 ISO/IEC 99458 Fi = RRSP. + 1S REAL CAPD(C ie] + B2eSP Shell MI AL BAE + RD ARSE CEER AR) SABAH HY Posix TL (PA WEEE Std 1003. 1g; b+ 4 a7 8) #8 Hl (PIL, Protocol Inde- pendent Interfaces) 37 P1003. 1g LR AL09 ** ih 3X SPAS AP] RHE. ESCADA APL, AR DNI #4864 FS 42 1 , Detailed Network Interfaces), 1. DNI/Socket 3&4. 4BSD M4271 API. 2, DNI/XTI,## X/Open XPG48UH. DOP R MER TP i AF 8027 (RSH HH P1003. 120-848 (LARLY Wy P1003. 1g) 7H, ABS E i RE OP BBE) RG. 41996455 A) BTR, CRG IER FATS AL 08 SASH . ESR 6. 6 (199748 3 A) ERR IEEE 19970}, 19984 aR, 19994 BY KERR, STABLAC TEEE Std 1003. 14S BEAU HEE, EXE SA P1003, 1g HRAE. BD A® P1003. 1g ARAEM ARTE FUSER AS Hh tS FY A ORO PR. OD AN EE te AE ARH Posix. 1g. HS ,connect HLH B= FBS BAF BH HLM socklen.. RARE BS Posix. 1g AEM AIL RAAB Posix. 1g PAA AY sockatmark BIH C21. 375) FER E BY FA ioctl CSE AY MAE AP Unix SRA EE, BEATIE EA Posix. 1g BSE AF_LOCAL {84 AF_UNIX, “4 250R-49 Posix. 1g 49 32.50 2EAE$5 04 HE AR A HR BROKERS WKH Posix. 1g ERA) EIR PME SE IT Ree EH. Posix ai HE #2, 17 AE 3 i 2k 5X FE AE (OT ak OE EY 3 A ER RA RM http. // www. pase, org/standing/sdll. html FT #7945 ## Posix #RyE RY 4 BREE. 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