What is the sign of the charge on the guard ring?

So, if the circuit is positively charged, the guard ring would also be positively charged

Knowing that there can be no electric field inside of conductors, where must the
charge on the guard ring reside?
the charge on the guard ring must reside on its outer surface. This is due to the fact that
charges in a conductor will redistribute themselves in such a way that they cancel out
any external electric field.

What other 3D geometries might be represented by your two-dimensional electrodes?

Cylindrical Symmetry: By arranging multiple concentric rings or cylinders, one can

simulate a cylindrical symmetry.

Spherical Symmetry: Similarly, by arranging a series of concentric circles, one can

approximate a spherical symmetry. This is used in systems that have spherical
symmetry, like spherical capacitors.

Are you entirely satisfied with result? What is expected for electric field at a distance r
from a point charge?

The direction of the electric field is radially outward if the charge is positive, and radially
inward if the charge is negative.

Recalling that density of electric field lines is related to field strength, what can
generally be said about the field between the plates of the capacitor?

Uniform Field Strength: Between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor, the electric field
strength is constant and uniform. This means that the density of electric field lines will
also be uniform.

Evenly Spaced Field Lines: The electric field lines will be evenly spaced and parallel to
each other between the plates. This indicates a constant field strength throughout the
region between the plates.

Calculate the electric field strength of the following arrangement. Assume the leads
are 1.00 cm apart and the electric potential difference measured with the voltmeter is
0.673 V. Answer E=0.673/0.01 =67.4 V/m