General

Chemistry 2
Mixtures:
Solutions
By: Coach Rizza
Mixtures
• Composed of two or more
substances, either
elements or compounds
combined physically in
variable proportion.
• Components retain their
properties and can be
separated by physical
means.
Suspension
• A mixture in which the
particles are so large that
they settle out unless the
mixture is constantly
stirred or agitated.
• Ex. Muddy water,
sand/clay soil & water
Colloids
• A mixture in which the
particles are
intermediate in size
between those in
solutions and
suspension
• Ex. Paints, milk
mayonnaise, fog,
cheese.
Solutions
• A homogeneous mixture of molecules, ions, or atoms
of two or more different substances in a single phase.
• Composed of:
1. Solvent – dissolving medium
2. Solute – substance to be dissolved
Ex. Sugar/salt in water, air, brass, soda
Types of Solutions:
Types Solute Solvent Examples

A. Liquid Solutions:
Solid Sugar in water
1. Solid-Liquid
Liquid Liquid Oil in Gasoline
2. Liquid-Liquid
Gas CO2 in water
3. Gas-Liquid
B. Solid Solutions:
Solid Au in Cu
1. Solid-Solid
Liquid Solid Amalgam, Hg in Ag
2. Liquid-Solid
Gas Hz in Pd
3. Gas-Solid
A. Gaseous Solutions:
Solid Naphthalene in air
1. Solid-Gas
Liquid Gas Water vapor in air
2. Liquid-Gas
Gas Oxygen in air
3. Gas-Gas
Formation of Liquid Solutions
• During the formation of solution, the forces of
attraction that exist are solute-solute, solvent-
solvent, & solute-solvent. For the solute to dissolve,
the solute to solvent must attraction must be
enough to overcome the other forces.

• Solvation – is the process of surrounding solute

particles with solvent particles to form a solution
• Hydration – process where solute is dissolved in
water
Formation of Liquid Solutions
Factors that Affect the Rate of
Formation of a Solution
• Particle Size – small particles dissolved rapidly than larger
ones as a result of greater surface that is exposed to solvent.

• Stirring/ Agitation – stirring or shaking increases rate of

dissolving.

• Temperature (Heat) – increase in temperature increases the

kinetic energy of the molecules resulting to an increase in
rate of dissolving.
Saturated Solutions
• Solutions can be described as saturated, unsaturated or
supersaturated.

• Saturated – a solution that contains the max. amount of

dissolved solute at a given temperature.

• Unsaturated – a solution that contains less solute than a

saturated solution at a given temperature.

• Supersaturated – a solution that contains more solute then the

usual maximum amount.
Solubility
• Refers to the amount of solute that dissolves in a given
amount of solvent to form a saturated solution at a
specified temperature.
• A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is said to
be insoluble.
Miscible
• When a liquid dissolves in another liquid it is said to be
miscible.
• Immiscible is when two liquids don’t dissolved and form
layers.
Factors Affecting Solubility
• Nature of Solute & Solvent – “Likes dissolves like”
✓ Solutes tend to be more soluble in solvents of their kind
✓ Polar in polar, nonpolar in nonpolar

• Temperature
✓ Solubility of a solid in liquid increases with temperature
✓ There are some solid whose solubility remains constant
✓ Gas is less soluble in liquid if temperature is increased

• Pressure
✓ Change in pressure have little effect on dissolving solids
✓ Increase in pressure will increase the solubility of gases in
liquids
Activity
• Differentiate the following:

1. Solutions, Colloids and Suspensions

2. Solute and Solvent

3. Saturated, Unsaturated, Supersaturated