MODULE 4

4M’s OF
OPERATION
LESSON OBJECTIVES:

Describe the 4M’s (Manpower, method, Machine,

materials) of operations in relation to the business
opportunity; and
Explain the importance and process of market
research.
Machine

State-of-the-art machines and equipment facilitate

the processing of raw materials into finished
products. In some public and private institutions,
machines record, sort, and interpret volumes of data
in real time, fast-tracking the completion of multiple
transactions.
method

Refers to the system and step by step process in

the business.
The art of doing
A set of procedures and instructions
MATERIALS

A steady and sufficient supply of quality raw

materials to ensures the continuous production of
goods and eventually, their sale to end users.
GETTING TO KNOW
THE MARKET
o is an organized effort
to gather information
about target markets
or customers.
o it is a very important
component of
business strategy
 7 Basic Questions

1. Why 5. When
2. What 6. Where
3. Which 7. How
4. Who
The gathering of important and relevant market
information.
 SCIENTIFIC
APPROACHES
SALES DATA MINING
❖is the process of
sorting through large
data sets.
❖ process used by
companies to turn raw
data into useful
information
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

❖ involves gathering
people from similar.
backgrounds or
experiences together to
discuss a specific topic
or interest.
 Observation
Technique

❖ is a social research
technique that involves
the direct observation of
phenomena in their
natural setting
SURVEY RESEARCH
❖ is defined as the
process of conducting
research using surveys
that are sent to survey
respondents
 CUSTOMER PROFILING

 Is a way to create a
portrait of your customers
to help you make design
decisions concerning your
service.
 Methods of Customer Profiling

▪ Demographics
▪ Psychographics
▪ Technographics
 o is the process of dividing a market of potential
customers into groups, or segments, based on different
characteristics
o is a marketing strategy in
which marketing is done to
a mass number of people
belonging to the same
segment of demographics
having similar kinds of
needs and wants.
o refers to grouping
customers and
products according to
certain market
variables.