The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

School code : 004196

Name of the student: Section :

Grade : 12

Subject : Physics- HL Paper Component : Paper 2

Duration: 2 hours 15 minutes Marks: 90

Name & Sign of the invigilator:

Name of the teacher: Vratik U

Instructions to the candidates:

● This is the Question paper.

● All answers must be attempted on this paper.
● Fill in all the details as required in the space provided in boxes.
● Write in dark blue or black pen.
● Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
● At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
● GDC is permitted.
● Data booklet will be provided

Marks Obtained out of 90 Teacher’s Signature and comments

Source: IBDP Past Paper 1

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.

1 This question is about Newton’s laws of motion, the dynamics of a model helicopter and the engine
that powers it.

(a) Explain how Newton’s third law leads to the concept of conservation of momentum in the
collision between two objects in an isolated system. [4]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……

(b) The diagram illustrates a model helicopter that is hovering in a stationary position.

Source: IBDP Past Paper 2

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

The rotating blades of the helicopter force a column of air to move downwards. Explain how this
may enable the helicopter to remain stationary. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) The length of each blade of the helicopter in (b) is 0.70m. Deduce that the area that the blades
sweep out as they rotate is 1.5m2. (Area of a circle = πr2) [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) For the hovering helicopter in (b), it is assumed that all the air beneath the blades is pushed
vertically downwards with the same speed of 4.0ms–1. No other air is disturbed.

The density of the air is 1.2kgm–3. Calculate, for the air moved downwards by the rotating
blades,

(i) the mass per second. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Source: IBDP Past Paper 3

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(ii) the rate of change of momentum. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) State the magnitude of the force that the air beneath the blades exerts on the blades. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) Calculate the mass of the helicopter and its load. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 14 marks]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 4

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

2 Neutron Star

(a) Define gravitational field strength. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Neutron stars are very dense stars of small radius. They are formed as part of the evolutionary
process of stars that are much more massive than the Sun.
A particular neutron star has radius R of 1.6 × 104 m. The gravitational field strength at its
surface is g0. The escape speed ve from the surface of the star is 3.6 × 107 ms–1.
(i) The gravitational potential V at the surface of the star is equal to –g0R. Deduce,
explaining your reasoning, that the escape speed from the surface of the star is given
by the expression
ve = √2g0R. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Calculate the gravitational field strength at the surface of the neutron star. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Source: IBDP Past Paper 5

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(c) The period T of rotation of the neutron star is 0.02 s. Use your answer to (b)(ii) to deduce that
matter is not lost from the surface of the star as a result of its high speed of rotation. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 10 marks]

3 Waves on a string and Interference

A travelling wave is created on a string. The graph below shows the variation with time t of the
displacement y of a particular point on the string.

Source: IBDP Past Paper 6

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(a) The wave is moving from left to right and has period T.

(i) On graph 1, draw a labelled line to indicate the amplitude of the wave.

T
(ii) On graph 2, draw the displacement of the string at t = 4 . [2]

(b) One end of the string is attached to a wall. A student creates a single pulse in the string that
travels to the right as shown in the diagram below.

(i) In the space below, draw a diagram to show the shape and size of the pulse after it has
been reflected from the wall. [2]

(ii) By reference to Newton’s third law, explain the nature of the reflected pulse that you
have drawn in (c)(i) above. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) The free end of the string in (c) is now made to oscillate with frequency f such that a standing
wave is established on the string. The diagram below illustrates the standing wave.

Source: IBDP Past Paper 7

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(i) Explain, by reference to the principle of superposition, the formation of a standing

wave. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) The length of the string is 3.0m. Using your answer for the speed of the wave in (a)(iii)
calculate the frequency f. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Source: IBDP Past Paper 8

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(d) A satellite orbits the Earth at a fixed height above the equator. Two coherent radio transmitters
on the equator emit radio waves of equal amplitude as illustrated in the diagram below.

The signal that the satellite receives varies in intensity.

(i) State what is meant by coherent sources. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Suggest why the signal received by the satellite varies in intensity. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) The transmitters have a separation of 160m and emit waves of wavelength 1.2m. The
signal received by the satellite varies in intensity with a frequency of 3.0Hz as it flies
overhead. The speed of the satellite is 7.7kms–1. Calculate the height of the satellite
above the Earth’s surface. [3]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 9

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 17 marks]

4 Electromagnetic induction

(a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) A long straight wire carries a constant current. A rectangular loop of conducting wire is placed
near the wire such that the wire is on the plane of the loop. The loop is then moved at constant
speed away from the wire as shown in the diagram below.

Source: IBDP Past Paper 10

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(i) Explain why an e.m.f. is induced in the loop. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) On the diagram above, draw an arrow to indicate the direction of the current induced in
the loop. Explain your answer. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Energy is dissipated in the wire of the loop. Explain how the movement of the loop
gives rise to energy dissipation. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 8 marks]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 11

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

5 Electrical conduction

In a copper wire the number of conduction electrons is equal to the number of copper atoms in the
wire.
(a) State what is meant by conduction electrons. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)
(i) The density of copper is 8.93×103 kgm–3 and its molar mass is 64 g. Deduce that the
number of moles of copper in a volume of 1.0m3 is 1.4×105. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Estimate the number of conduction electrons in 1.0m3 of copper. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) The diagram below shows some of the conduction electrons in a copper wire. The arrows
represent the random velocities of some of the electrons.

Source: IBDP Past Paper 12

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

Explain, by reference to the motion of the electrons, why there is no current in the wire. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d) An electric field is established inside the copper wire directed as shown in the diagram below.
The dots represent electrons. The random velocities of the electrons are not shown.

On the diagram below, draw an arrow to indicate the direction of the drift velocity of the
electrons. [1]

(e) A typical value for the electron drift velocity in a copper wire is 10–3ms–1. In the circuit below,
the length of the copper wire joining the negative terminal of the battery to the lamp is 0.50m.

(i) The switch S is closed. Calculate the time it would take for an electron to move from the
negative terminal of the battery to the lamp. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Source: IBDP Past Paper 13

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(ii) The lamp lights in a time much less than that calculated in (e)(i). Explain this
observation. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Discuss, in terms of the movement of the electrons, the energy transformations taking
place in the filament of the lamp. [4]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 14 marks]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 14

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

6 Emission of electrons

The diagram below shows an electron on the surface of a metal. Electromagnetic radiation is
incident normally on the surface.

According to a model based on the electromagnetic theory of light, the electron absorbs all
the energy that is incident on the surface within a distance of 5.0×10–11m from the electron.
The intensity of light incident on the surface is 1.6Wm–2. The energy required to remove an
electron from the surface is 1.8eV.

(a) Calculate, on the basis of this model, that the time taken for the electron to gain sufficient
energy to leave the surface is 23s. (The area of a circle of radius R is πR2.) [4]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Source: IBDP Past Paper 15

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(b) The diagram below illustrates an apparatus used to investigate the photoelectric effect.

(i) Describe how, using this apparatus, the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted
electrons may be determined for incident light of frequency f. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) On the axes provided below draw a sketch graph to show the variation with frequency f
of the maximum kinetic energy EK of the emitted electrons. (Numerical values are not
required.) [2]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 16

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(iii) State what is represented by the gradient (slope) of the graph. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) The incident light has intensity 1.6Wm–2, wavelength 520nm and 5.0% of the incident photons
cause the ejection of electrons from the surface. Determine the number of electrons ejected
from 1.0m2 of the surface per second. [3]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 12 marks]

7 Specific Heat and latent Heat

(a) Define specific heat capacity. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The table below gives data for water and ice.

specific heat capacity of water 4.2 kJkg–1K–1

specific latent heat of fusion of ice 330 kJkg–1

A beaker contains 450g of water at a temperature of 24°C. The thermal (heat)capacity of the
beaker is negligible and no heat is gained by, or lost to, the atmosphere. Calculate the mass of
ice, initially at 0°C, that must be mixed with the water so that the final temperature of the
contents of the beaker is 8.0°C. (Space for writing P.T.O) [4]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 17

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 5 marks]
8 Nuclear reactions

(a)
(i) State what is meant by radioactive decay. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Radioactive decay is said to be a random process. State what is meant by random
decay. [2]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) In 1919, Rutherford was investigating the bombardment of nitrogen by α-particles. He

discovered that, in the interaction between an α-particle and a nitrogen nucleus, the nitrogen
nucleus was transformed into an oxygen nucleus with the emission of a proton.

(i) Complete the nuclear reaction equation for this transformation. [2]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 18

 The Fountainhead Mission: To Nurture Leaders Through Primary Greatness

IBDP MOCK EXAMINATION (March 2019)

(ii) The rest masses of the particles shown in the reaction equation are given in the table
below.
particle rest mass / u

He 4.00260

N 14.00307

O 16.99913

p 1.00783

Calculate the minimum energy, in MeV, of an α-particle required to cause this

transformation to occur. Explain your answer. [4]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Total: 10 marks]

Source: IBDP Past Paper 19