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GMAT Statistics and Sets Contents Introduction Difficulty Levels Problem Solving Data SuMleteney Answer Key Explanations February 2008 20 26 29 2, DIFFICULTY LEVELS 2 Difficulty Levels In general, the level 5 questions in this guide are 560- to 620-Level questions. ‘The level 6 questions represent a broad range of difficulty from about 620 to 720, while the level 7 questions are higher stil. Basy (4) PS 5,12, 14, 35, 37, 45, 52, 94 Ds 61, 66, 68, 71, 74, 82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90 Moderate (5) PS 1,4, 6,7, 8,9, U1, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 51, 88, 55, 57, 60 Ds 63, 65, 69, 72, 73, 77, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 100 Difficult (6) PS 2, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 22, 28, 26, BL, 32, 38, 44, 47, 50, 56, 58, 59 Ds 62, 64, 70, 75, 76, 81, 91, 93, 95, 99 Very Difficult (7) PS 8, 25, 41 bs 67,78 3._ PROBLEM SOLVING 3 Problem Solving Note: this guide contains both an answer key (so you can quickly check your answers) and full explanations. 1. A law office employs seven secretaries. It pays annual salaries of $17,000 to 2 of the secretaries, $19,000 to 2 of the secretaries, and $23,000 to the remaining 3 secretaries. The average (atithmetic mean) annual salary of these employees is| closest to which of the following? (A) $19,000 (B) $19,700 (©) $20,000 (D) $20,200 (E) $21,000 2. A freelance writer found that last year his average (arithmetic ‘mean) revenue from January to October $4,800. In November ‘and December, his monthly revenues were 2 and 3 times, respectively, the average for the other 10 months. What was the writer's average monthly revenue last year? (a) $5,400 (B) $6,000 (C) $6,400 (D) $6,800 (E) $7,200 3. Ifsris to be chosen at random from the set {1, 2, 3, 4} and y is to be chosen at random from the set {4, 5, 6, 7}, what is the probability that ry will be odd? @ By © 3 wD) 3 () 5 1. 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 TL, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82 TIT, 69, 82, 82, 82, 96 ‘Phe data sets [, 1, and LIT above are ordered from greatest standard deviation to least standard deviation in which of the following? (A) GW (B) LUM (©) mt (b) ma (e) WMT ‘The amounts of rainfall in inches recorded in six different cities in ‘a certain state last month were 12.5", 11.5", 10.8", 17", 18.2", ‘and 15", What is the median of those amounts? (a) out (B) 1375" (©) 132" 0) BY ) 15" ‘The arithmetic mean and standard deviation of a certain normal distribution are L1.5 and 2.0, respectively. What value is exactly 2 standard deviations less than the mean? (A 75 (B) 80 (85 (D) 90 ® 95 1S = (5, 8,0, 3, 1, $} what is the postive difference between the median of the numbers in S and the mean of the numbers in S? a oF Bot ©) Pw ©) wb 3._ PROBLEM SOLVI £762 -H 04 12467} 8. A number is to be selected at random from the set above, What is the probability that the number selcted will bea solution of the equation (y + 4)(y — 7)(4y +1) = 0? (a) (8) © ©) ©) 9. Ifacertain sample of data has a mean of 30.0 and a standard doviation of 2.5, all of the following values are more than 2.5, standard deviations from the mean EXCEPT (A) 220 (By) 25 (C) 3.5 (D) 360 (©) 365 10, Of the 300 students at a certain university in State S, 210 were born in State $ and 250 attended high school in State 8. Tf at least 40 of the students were neither bom nor attended high school in State §, then the number of students who were both born and attended high school in State S could be any mumber from (A) 40 to 80 (B) 800 110 (C) %to 210 (D} 200 to 210 (B) 200 to 250 11. Jaclyn purchased 3 picture frames with an average (arithmetic mean) price of $18, If, after Jaclyn purchases another picture frame, the average price of the 4 picture frames is $20, what is the price of the fourth picture frame? (a) sia (B) $20 (92 (D) $26 (B) $30 3._ PROBLEM SOLVING 815, $18, $20, $24, $25, $30, $50, $50, 864, $80 12, The total amounts paid by a series of customers at a certain store are shown above. How many amounts were greater than the median amount but less than the mean amount? (A) None (B) One (©) Two (D) Three (E) Four 13, Ina certain neighborhood, five houses are listed for sale at the following prices: $92,000, $98,000, $112,000, $115,000, and $128,000. If the price of the most expensive house increased 36,000 and the price of the least expensive home is decreased by the same amount, which of the following best describes the change in the mean and the median of the house prices? (A) (B) C) @) ®) ‘The mean and the median will remain unchanged. ‘The mean will remain unchanged but the median will ‘The mean will increase but the median will remain unchanged. ‘The mean and the median will increase by the same amount, ‘The mean and the median will increase by different amounts. 14, The average (arithmetic mean) of 40, 60, and 80 is 5 more than. the average of 30, 50, and (A) (B) {C) (D) (B) 45 35 65 75 85 3._PROBLEM SOLVING 15, A resoarcher tracked the daily changes in price of all the stocks on a certain exchange for a period of one month, and found that ‘the mean daily price change of the stocks on the exchange was 30.16, and the standard deviation of the price changes was $0.04. ‘The largest price change the researcher observed took. place on the 2st of last month, and was between 8 and 9 Standard deviations above the mean. Which of the following. could have been the dollar value of the largest price change observed last month’? (A) 80.25 (B) 80.28 (Cc) 80.35 (D) 0.42 () soag 16, A certain typing service charges $50 to type a document of up to 20 pages and $15 for each additional 10 pages, or portion thereof. If Panl employed the service to type a 100-page document, what. would be the average (arithmetic mean) ‘charge per page? (A) $0.65 (B) siz (©) 8175 (D) $1.90 (B) $200 17, A set of 25 different integers has a median of 50 and a range of 50, What is the greatest possible integer that could be in this sot? (A) 62 {B) 68 (Cc) 75 (D) 88 (EF) 100 18, Of the 11 students who took the final exam in a biology class, 3 scored a 72, 2 scored a 93, 3 scored a 76, 1 scored a 73, and 2 scored an 89. What was the median score on the final (A) 7 (B) 76 (8 (D) 89 () % 3._PROBLEM SOLVING 19. If mm is the standard deviation of 2, y, and 2, what is the standard deviation of ~5,y—5, and =~ 5? (A) fm (B) om (C) 5m (D) m5 (e) m—15 20, List M consists of 15 consecutive intogers. If is the greatest integer in list M, what is the range of the negative integers in list M?. (a) 8 (8) 9 (C) 10 (D) 4 (BE) 5 21. A certain doughnut shop has six employees. It pays annual salaries of $15,000 to each of 3 employees, $17,000 to 1 ‘employee, and $18,000 to each of the remaining 2 employees ‘The average (arithmetic mean) annual salary of these employees is closest to whieh of the following? (A) $15,800 (B) $16,300 (©) 816,600 (D) $16,800 (B) $17,000 22, A list of measurements in increasing order is 2, 4, 3,7, 15, and .t. If the median of these measurements is 3 their arithmetic ‘moan, what is the value of 7 a 6 B) 18 © 19 @) () 23 3._ PROBLEM SOLVING 23. Ina certain graduating class, a grade-point average of 2.8 was 1.5 standard deviations below the mean, and a grade-point average of 3.6 was 2.5 standard deviations above the mean. What the mean grade-point average of the graduating class? (A) 34 (B33 (QC) 32 () 30 (©) 30 24. The average (arithmetic mean) of the 4 numbers k, 2k ~5, 3k-+2, and Gk ~1 is 17, what is the value of & ? (A) (B) (Cc) (D) (E) 25. A certain list of 200 test scores has an average (arithmetic mean) of 85 and a standard deviation of d, where d is positive. Which of the following two test scores, whien added to the list, rust result in a list of 202 test scores with a standard deviation less than d? (A) 80-and 80 (B) 80 and 85 (C) 80. and 90 (D) 85 and 85 (&) 85 and 90 26. If0.< 2 <1, what is the median of the values 2, 2-1, V3, and 3? = (B)z-1 © vi o 2 @® = 10 3._PROBLEM SOLVING 27. Three adults have an average (arithmetic mean) weight of 160 pounds and a median weight of 180 pounds. What is the maximum possible weight, in pounds, of the lightest of the three adults? (A) 109 (B) uo (19 (Dp) 120 (2) 0 28. Am investor purchased 0 shares of a certain stock at a price ‘of $26.50 per share, Later this investor purchased 20 more shares at a price of $25.50 per share. What was the average (atithinetie mean) price per share that this investor paid for the 50 shares? (a) $25.00 (B) $26.00 (©) 326.10 (D) $26.25 (2) $26.30 29. In a certain normal distribution, the arithmetic mean is 9.5 and the standard deviation is 1.75, What value is exactly 2 standard ions from the mean? 6 6.75 7 12.25 uu 30. Which of the following is equal to the average (arithmetic mean) of (x +2)? and (x +2)(2—2)? (A (B) 242 (C) etd (D) 2? 42r (BE) 2t44e n 3._ PROBLEM SOLVING. 31. W represents the sum of the weights of s steaks in pounds. Which of the following represents the average (atithmetie mean) of the # weights in ounces? (1 pound = 16 ounces) (A) 16Ws we © % ©) & ©) wer 32, Forty percent of the employees at a brokerage firm have passod fa certain licensing exam. Among the employees who have not passed the exam, 32 are exernpt from the licensing requirement and 16 are not exempt, How many employees does the brokerage firm have? (A) 60 (B) 80 (C) 6 (D) 108 (5) 120 3. ‘The maximum temperatures, in degrees Celcius, recorded in a city on 5 consecutive days were 32, y +2, y +5, 30, and y. If the average (arithmetic mean) of these temperatures was 24 what is the value of y? 34 Three students reported that the amount of time they spent preparing for a certain exam was between 0 and 10 hours, inclusive. If the average (arithmetic mean) number of hours the students reported that they spent preparing was 7.5 hours, what twas the least possible number of hours that one of the students spent preparing, in hours? (A) 2 (B) 25 (cy) 4 (D) 45 (e) 6 2 3._PROBLEM SOLVING 35, ‘The one-day price changes in dollars of several stocks on a certain exchange were $0.25, $0.03, $0.10, ~$0.05, ~$0.25, and 80,60, What is the median of these price changes? (A) -80.10 (B) 80.05 (Cc) $0.00 (D) $0.05 (©) 90.25 36. OF the 120 passengers on an airplane, 50 had 2 pieces of Tuggage each, 40 had 1 piece of luggage each, 10 had 3 pieces of Inggage each, 10 had 4 pieces of luggage each, and the remainder had no luggage. What was the average (arithmetic mean) number of pieces of luggage per passenger on the airplane? ou (By) 125 (15 (D) 175 (E) 2 69 78 78 79 80 82 81 90 37. The mean and the approximate standard deviation of the 8 numbers shown are 80 and 6, respectively. What percent of the '§ numbers are within L standard deviation of the mean? (A) 87.5% (B) 82.5% (C) 80% (D) 75% (©) 625% Route A: 35 Route B: 25 RouteC: 20 38, ‘The table above shows the number of pilots who fly three routes for an airline. Although none of the pilots flies all three routes, 7 pilots fly both A and B, 4 pilots fly both A and C, and 3 pilots fly both Band C, How many different pilots fly these three routes for the airline? (A) 64 (B) 66 () 67 0) 3 ®) 75 13 3._ PROBLEM SOLVING 39. A realtor sold 15 of the new homes in a certain neighborhood in April, and sold the remaining 10 in May. In April, the range of the selling prices was $22,000 and the lowest selling price was $154,000. Tn May, the range of the selling prices was $25,000 and the lowest selling price was $192,000. What was the range of the selling prices of the 25 homes that the realtor sold in April and May? (A) $23,500 (B) $27,500 (C) $28,000 (D) 830,000 (B) 833,000 40. A firm purchased two machines whose prices were $5,000 and $9,000, respectively. The firm is to purchase two more machines from a list of machines whose prices range from 85,000 to $9,000, inclusive. ‘The greatest. possible average (arithmetic mean) price of the 4 machines is how much greater than the least possible average price of the 4 machines? (A) $2,000 (B) $2,500 (©) $3,000 (b) 83,500 (©) $1,000 41, If 2 is the standard deviation of p, q, and r, what is the standard deviation of 3p, 34, and 3r 7 (= (B) a (C) 243 (D) 249 (E) It cannot be determined from the information given. 42, A retailer has a goal of selling $250,000 worth of software in 100 days. If it sold $170,000 in the first 60 days, what is the average (arithmetic mean) number of dollars per day of software that it must sell for the Inst 40 days in order to achieve its goal? (A) $1,333 (B) ©) (D) (E) 3._ PROBLEM SOLVING 35, B75, 40, 42.5, 45, 52.5, 52.5, 55, 60, 60 The list shown consists of the heights, in inches, of each of 10 schoolchildren. Ifthe standard deviation of the heights is 9.2 inches, rounded to the nearest tenth of an inch, how many of the 10 heights are more than 1 standard deviation away from the ‘mean of the 10 heights? (A) Two (B) Three (©) Pour (D) Five (BE) Six 44, Ina survey of 232 people, 153 own their own home, 80 have children, and § of those who own their own home have children If a person is to be randomly selected from those surveyed, what is the probability that the person selected will have children but does not own his or her own home? WF (B) (c) (D) (E) 45, The number of credits being taken by each of eight students at a ‘certain university are 16, 12, 11, 15, 8, 6, 14, and 15, What is the range in the number of credits being taken by the eight students? (A) 8 (B) 9 (0 (Dp) © 2 46, An investor's portfolio increased in value by $15,000 in 1992 ‘and by $25,000 in 1993. In 1994 the portfolio decreased in value by $17,500. What was the portfolio’s average (arithmetic mean) increase in value for the 3 years? (A) $5,000 (B) 87,500 {C) $10,000 (D) 812,500 (©) $15,000 3. PROBLEM SOLVING 47, In a random sample of 20 members of a certain health club last week, 3 did not attend any classes, 8 each attended one class, S each attended 2 classes, and the remaining members in the sample attended at least 3 classes. If the average (arithmetic mean) number of classes attended by each member was 1.75, what is the maximum number of classes than any single member could have attended? (Ay + (B) 5 (Cc) 6 (Dp) 8 ® 0 48. Last week, Franka recorded the time that she spent each day in a morning meeting. The times, in minutes, were 52, 28, 40, 39, and 51. How many minutes greater was the average (arithmetic mean) time than the median time? (A) 1s (By) 2 (C) 25 (D) 3 (35 49. Hank, Jelena, and Kristof each called customer support for a certain product. Hank called customer support 5 times and Jelena called customer support 2 times. If the 3 people called customer support an average (arithmetic mean) of 3 times per person, how many times did Kristof call customer support? (A) (B) © (D) (E) 50, Each of the 15 cars a certain dealer sold last woek were purchased for one of three different prices and the average selling price of the 15 cars was $16,000. If 6 of the cars were sold for $14,000 each and 5 of the ears were sold for $16,000 each, what was the selling price of each of the remaining 4 cars? (A) (B) © (D) (B) 16 PROBLEM SOLVING BL 52, 53. List I 4, 8, 10, 15 List Hs k, 4, 8, 10, 15 If the median of the numbers in list I above is equal to the median of the numbers in list I above, what is the value of & ? (A) 6 (B) 8 © 9 (D) 0 ®) ou Delia. had 5 conference calls on Monday, 7 conference calls ‘on Tuesday, 8 conference calls on Wednesday, 5 conference calls on Thursday, and 12 conference ralls on Friday. What was the average (arithmetic mean) number of conference calls that Delia made for those 5 days? (A) 80 (B) 78 (©) (p) 74 () 72 A group of 20 people each received tax refunds, and that the average (arithmetic mean) tax refand was $4,000. If the average tax refund of 16 of the people in the group was $3,000, schat was the average tax refund for the other four people in the sroup? (A) $4,000 (B) $5,000 (©) $6,000 (D) 87,000 (B) $8,000 ‘The average (arithmetic mean) of 10, 15, and 20 equals the average of 12, 18, and (A) 6 (B) 10 © 2 (D) 15 (24 7 3._PROBLEM SOLVING 56. 58. 59. Of the 18 entrees offered on a certain menu, 10 contain meat, 12 contain cheese, and 3 contain netther meat nor cheese, How many of the entrees contain both meat and cheese? a) 6 @B) 7 @ 8 @) 9 ©) If the average (arithmetic mean) of « and b is 60 and the average (arithmetic mean) of & and cis 70, what is the value ofe-a? (A) 65 (B) 20 (c) 0 (Dy 5 (E) Tt cannot be determined from the information given. 165 percent of apparel retailers in City X sell Brand A clothing, 165 percent carry Brand B, and 25 pereent earry neither brand, ‘what percent carry both brands? (A) 35 (B) 45, (C) 50 (D) 55 () 65, For the past « days, Joan has made an average (arithmetic mean) of 15 sales per day. If Joan makes 25 sales today and raises her daily average to 16 sales per day, what is the value ofa? 4 Bo © 9 (D) 10 ®) 2 M is the set of positive even integers less than 75, and NV is the set of the square roots of the integers in M. How many elements does the intersection of M and N contain? (A) None (B) Two (C) Four (D) Five (E) Six 18 3._PROBLEM SOLVING 60. A rope 40 fect long is cut into 5 pieces. If one of the pieces is 16 fect long, what is the average (arithmetic mean) length, in feet, of the remaining pieces? (A) 32 B® 4 () 48 (Dp) 6 ©) 8 19 4d. DATA SUFFICIENCY 4 Data Sufficiency For all Data Sufficiency questions, the answer choices are as follows: (A) Statement (1) ALONE is sulficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. (B) Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient, (©) BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient. (D) EACH statement ALONE is sulficient {E) Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient, 61, If pis an integer, is q an integer? (2) The average (arithmetic mean) of p, q, and 8 is p (2) The average (arithmetic mean) of p, g, and 3.5 is 35. 62. For a certain set of n numbers, where n > 2, is the average (arithmetic mean) equal to the median? (1) The m numbers are positive, consecutive integers. (2) The smallest integer in the set is odd, 63. Ifa, b, 6, d, and ¢ are different positive integers, which of the five integers is the median? (2) a6, 6d, and e are consecutive integers. (2) The average (arithmetic mean) of the five integers isd. 61, How many of the 250 attendees at a certain concert paid full price for their ticket and bought their ticket at least two weeks in advance? (1) Of the 250 attendees, 65 bought their ticket at least two ‘weeks in advance but did not pay full priee for their tickot, (2) OF the 250 attendees, 75 paid full price for their ticket but id not buy their ticket at least two weeks in advance. 65. Of a physician's clients, 120 have health insurance or prescription drug coverage or both. If 40 of the clients do not have prescription drug coverage, how many of the clients have both health insurance and prescription drug coverage? (1) A total of 92 of the clients have healt insurance. (2) Of the 120 clients, 28 do not have health insurance. 20 4 DATA SUFFICIEN 67. 69. 7. If the average (arithmetic mean) of five mumbers is 60, how mam ‘of the numbers are equal to 60? (1) At least two of the numbers are greater than 60 (2) At least two of the numbers are less than 60. Set § has a range of p and the largest number in set S is v. Set T has a range of q and the largest number in set T and the largest number in sot Tis w. Is the smnallest number in set $ greater than the smallest number in set T? Q) p<@ 2) The median of set $ is less than the median of set T, and the average (arithmetic mean) of set S is greater than the mean of set T. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of x, y, and =? Q) ByAt=9 (sae itive integer, is = < 16 ? less than the average (arithmetic mean) of the first ten positive even integers. (2) Fis the square of an integer. OF the 600 employees in a certain company, 180 drive to work: ‘and are more than 30 years old. How many of the 600 employees drive to work and are 30 years old or less? (1) 480 of the employees in the company are more than 30 years old. (2) 50 employees in the company are 30 years old or less and do not drive to work Ifa, b, ed, and e are different positive integers, which of the five integers is the median? () beexe 2) atdae Q) Oce

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