International Journal of Applied Science and Research

GENERALIZED EXTENDED BETA FUNCTION

S.R. Kabara1, A. H. Abdullahi 2, M. A. Lawan3, F.A. Idris4 , M. S. Musa5 & S. I. Musa6
1,2,3&5Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano.
4Sa’adatuRimi College of Education, Kano.
6Emirates College of Health Sciences and Technology, Kano.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56293/IJASR.2022.5544

IJASR 2023
VOLUME 6
ISSUE 4 JULY – AUGUST ISSN: 2581-7876
Abstract: Special functions are crucial in defining the concept of fractional calculus. Over the years, numerous
extensions and generalizations of the special functions were explored by many researchers. This paper presents a
generalization of the extended beta function in [1]. Some integral representations of the generalized extended beta
functions, properties and Mellin transforms were also investigated. Moreover, the generalized Gauss, Appel and
Lauricella hypergeometric functions, Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator and the generalized extended
beta distribution were also discussed.

Keywords: Extended beta function, extended gamma function, modified Bessel function, hypergeometric function,
Mellin transform and Fractional derivative.
Introduction

The classical gamma and beta functions are defined as

∞
𝛤(𝑟) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 (1.1)

and
𝛤(𝑟)𝛤(𝑠) 1
𝐵(𝑟, 𝑠) = = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 𝑑𝑡 (1.2)
𝛤(𝑟+𝑠)

Equation (1.1) was first extended by Chaudhry et al [2] in 1994 as

∞ 𝑝
𝛤𝑝 (𝑟) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑡 − 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) ≥ 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑟) ≥ 0 (1.3)

And (1.2) to (1.4) by the same authors [2] in 1997 as

1 𝑝
𝐵𝑝 (𝑟, 𝑠) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− 𝑡(1−𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) ≥ 0 (1.4)

In 2011, Lee et al [8] considered the generalisation of the above extended beta function and defined the generalised
extended beta function as
1 𝑝
𝐵(𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝑚) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− 𝑡 𝑚(1−𝑡)𝑚 ) 𝑑𝑡, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑚 > 0 (1.5)

Ozergin in 2011, extended the beta function using the confluent hypergeometric function (see for example [7]) and
defined the new extended beta function as
(𝛼,𝛽) 1 −𝑃
𝐵𝑝 (𝑟, 𝑠) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 1𝐹1 (𝛼, 𝛽; 𝑡(1−𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡, (1.6)

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101
 International Journal of Applied Science and Research

where 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝛼) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝛽) > 0 and

(𝛼)𝑛 𝑧 𝑛
1𝐹1 (𝛼, 𝛽; 𝑧) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 (1.7)
(𝛽)𝑛 𝑛!

In the same year, Lee et al [8] generalised the extended beta function given in (1.6) and defined the new generalised
extended beta function as
(𝛼,𝛽;𝑚) 1 −𝑃
𝐵𝑝 (𝑟, 𝑠) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 1𝐹1 (𝛼, 𝛽; 𝑡 𝑚(1−𝑡)𝑚 ) 𝑑𝑡, (1.8)

𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑚𝑖𝑛{ 𝑅𝑒( 𝑟), 𝑅𝑒( 𝑠), 𝑅𝑒( 𝛼), 𝑅𝑒( 𝛽)} > 0 and 𝑅𝑒( 𝑚) > 0

Putting 𝑚 = 1 in (1.8) reduces to (1.6).

In 2018, Shadab et al [9] introduced an extended beta function using 1 parameter Mittag-Leffler function
𝑝
𝐸𝛼 (− ) and defined the new extended beta function as
𝑡(1−𝑡)

1 𝑝
𝐵𝑝𝛼 (𝑟, 𝑠) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 𝐸𝛼 (− ) 𝑑𝑡 (1.9)
𝑡(1−𝑡)

𝑧𝑛
𝑅𝑒( 𝑟) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑠) > 0 and 𝐸𝛼 (𝑧) = ∑∞
𝑛=0 𝛤(𝛼𝑛+1) (1.10)

The above extension was generalized by Rahman [4] as

(𝛼;𝑚) 1 𝑝
𝐵𝑝 (𝑟, 𝑠) = ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−1 𝐸𝛼 (− 𝑡 𝑚(1−𝑡)𝑚 ) 𝑑𝑡 (1.11)

𝑅𝑒( 𝑟) > 0, Re( s )  0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) ≥ 0, and 𝛼, 𝑚 > 0.

Putting 𝑚 = 1 in (1.11) gives (1.9)

1
Parmar [6] gives further results on the extended beta function using modified Bessel function of order 𝑛 + 2

given by Chaudhry in [2] as a relationship between the extended beta function and the MacDonald function

and defined
3 3
2𝑝 1 𝑝
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝) = √ 𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡(1−𝑡)) 𝑑𝑡 (1.12)
2

𝑅𝑒( 𝑟) > 0, Re( s )  0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0 and

2𝑝 (2𝑧)−𝑚 𝛤(𝑛+𝑚+1)
𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑧) = √ 𝜋 𝑒 −𝑧 ∑𝑛𝑘=0 𝑚! 𝛤(𝑛−𝑚+1)
(1.13)
2

A generalized extension of the beta function in [6] was proposed in [10]

3 3
2𝑝 1 𝑝
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝑚) = √ 𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝑚(1−𝑡)𝑚 ) 𝑑𝑡 (1.14)
2

𝑅𝑒( 𝑟) > 0, Re( s )  0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0 and 𝑅𝑒( 𝑚) > 0.

When 𝑚 = 1, equation (1.14) reduces to the extended beta function defined in [6].

The second part of this paper will further generalise the generalised extended beta function in [10].
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 International Journal of Applied Science and Research

2. Main Work

We now introduce the new generalised extended beta function as

3 3
2𝑝 1 𝑝
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ 𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑡 (2.1)
2

Re(r )  0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑠) > 0, Re( p)  0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝛾) > 0, and 𝑅𝑒( 𝜂) > 0.

Remark:

1) When 𝛾 = 𝜂, equation (2.1) reduces to the generalised extended beta function defined in [10].

2) For 𝛾 = 𝜂 = 1, (2.1) gives the extended beta function in [2, 6].

Integral Representations of the New Generalised Extended Beta Function 𝑩𝒏 (𝒓, 𝒔; 𝒑; 𝜸; 𝜼)

Theorem 1: The following integral representations holds true:

𝜋
2𝑝
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 2√ 𝜋 ∫02 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑟−2 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑠−2 𝜃 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑝 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2𝛾 𝜃 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝜂 𝜃)𝑑𝜃 (2.2)
2

3
𝑟−
∞2𝑝 𝑢 2 𝑝(1+𝑢)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ ∫0
𝜋 (1+𝑢)𝑟+𝑠−1
𝐾𝑛+1 [ 𝑢𝛾
] 𝑑𝑢 (2.3)
2

3 3
2𝑝 1 2𝛾+𝜂 𝑃
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 22−𝑟−𝑠 √ 𝜋 ∫0 (1 + 𝑢)𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑢)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 ((1+𝑢)𝛾(1−𝑢)𝜂) 𝑑𝑢 (2.4)
2

Proof
𝑢 𝑢+1
To prove equation (2.2), (2.3) and (2.4), the transformations 𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 , 𝑡 = 𝑢+1and 𝑡 = 2
are to

be used respectively.

Theorem 2:
3
𝑟−
2𝑝 ∞ 𝑥 2 𝑝(1+𝑥)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ 𝜋 ∫0 (1+𝑥)𝑟+𝑠−1
𝐾𝑛+1 [ 𝑥𝜂
] 𝑑𝑥 (2.5)
2

3 3
𝑟− 𝑠−
1 ∞ 𝑥 2+𝑥 2
2𝑝 𝑝(1+𝑥)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 2
√ ∫0
𝜋
𝐾 1 [ 𝑥 𝛾 ] 𝑑𝑥
(1+𝑥)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2
(2.6)

Proof
1 −1
Inserting 𝑡 = in (2.1),𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑡 = 0: 𝑥 → ∞and 𝑡 = 0: 𝑥 = 0
1+𝑥 (1+𝑥)2

3
2𝑝 ∞ 𝑥 𝑠−2 𝑝(1 + 𝑥)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ ∫ 𝐾 1[ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 (1 + 𝑥)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2 𝑥𝜂

On using the symmetric property of beta function, equation (2.5) is obtained.

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From (2.5),
3
2𝑝 1 𝑥 𝑠−2 𝑝(1 + 𝑥)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ ∫ 𝐾 1[ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 (1 + 𝑥)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2 𝑥𝜂
3
2𝑝 ∞ 𝑥 𝑠−2 𝑝(1 + 𝑥)𝛾+𝜂
+ √ ∫ 𝐾 1 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 1 (1 + 𝑥)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2 𝑥𝜂

1 −𝑑𝑡
From the second part of the above equation, put𝑥 = , 𝑑𝑥 = ,𝑥 = 1: 𝑡 = 1 and 𝑥 → ∞: 𝑡 = 0
𝑡 𝑡2
3
3 2 1 𝑠− 1
∞
2𝑝 𝑥 2
𝑠−
𝑝(1+𝑥)𝛾+𝜂 2𝑝0 (𝑡 ) 𝑝(1+ )𝛾+𝜂 −𝑑𝑡
𝑡
√ ∫1 𝐾 1 [ 𝑥 𝜂 ] 𝑑𝑥 = √ ∫1 1 𝑟+𝑠−1 𝐾𝑛+1 [ 1 ] 2
𝜋 (1+𝑥)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2 𝜋 (1+ ) 2 ( )𝜂 𝑡
𝑡 𝑡

3
𝑠−
2𝑝 1 𝑡 2 𝑝(1+𝑡)𝛾+𝜂
=√ ∫0 𝐾𝑛+1 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 (1+𝑡)𝑟+𝑠−1 2 𝑡𝛾

Putting (2.6) in (2.5), we get the desired result.

Theorem 3 The following integral representations also holds true:

3
1 1 𝑟−
𝑟− 𝑠− 2𝑝∞ 𝑥 2 𝑝(𝜇+𝜆𝑥)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 𝜆 2 𝜇 2 √ ∫0
𝜋
𝐾 1 [ (𝜆𝑥)𝛾 𝜇𝜂 ] 𝑑𝑥
(𝜆𝑥+𝜇)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2
(2.7)

1 1 𝜋
2𝑝 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑠−2 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑟−2 𝜃 𝑝(𝜇+𝜆 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 2𝜆𝑟−2 𝜇 𝑠−2 √ ∫02 (𝜆 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃+𝜇 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝐾𝑛+1 ( ) 𝑑𝜃 (2.8)
𝜋 2 𝜆𝛾 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝛾 𝜃𝜇𝜂

Proof
𝜆 𝜆
Putting 𝑥 = 𝜇 𝑡 in (2.5),𝑑𝑥 = 𝜇 𝑑𝑡, 𝑥 = 0: 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑥 → ∞: 𝑡 → ∞
3
𝜆 𝜆
2𝑝 ∞ ( 𝑡)𝑟−2
𝑝(1 + 𝑡)𝛾+𝜂 𝜆
𝜇 𝜇
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ ∫ 𝜆
𝐾𝑛+1 [ 𝜆
] 𝑑𝑡
𝜋 0 (1 + 𝑡)𝑟+𝑠−1 2 ( 𝑡)𝛾 𝜇
𝜇 𝜇

On rearranging and simplifying the above equation, we obtain the desired result.

To prove (2.8), put 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 in (2.7),

𝜋
𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃, 𝑥 = 0: 𝜃 = 0 and 𝑥 → ∞: 𝜃 = 2

𝜋
𝑟−
1
𝑠−
1 2𝑝 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑟−3 𝜃 𝑝(𝜇 + 𝜆 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 𝜆 2 𝜇 2 √ ∫ 𝐾 1[ ] 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝜋 0 (𝜆 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝜇)𝑟+𝑠−1 𝑛+2 𝜆𝛾 𝜇 𝜂 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝛾 𝜃

On simplifying the above equation, we obtain the desired result.

Theorem 4:
3 3
1 1 𝑟− 𝑠−
𝑠− 𝑟− 1 𝑥 2 (1−𝑥) 2
2𝑝 𝑝[𝜆+(𝜇−𝜆)𝑥]𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 𝜆 2 𝜇 2 √ ∫0 [𝜆+(𝜇−𝜆)𝑥]𝑟+𝑠−1 𝐾𝑛+1 [
𝜋 𝛾
]
𝜂 𝑑𝑥 (2.9)
2 (𝜇𝑥) [𝜆(1−𝑥)]

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3 3
1 1 𝑟− 𝑠−
𝑠− 𝑟− 2𝑝1 𝑥 2(1−𝑥) 2 𝑝[𝜇+(1−𝑥)𝜎]𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = 𝜇 2 (𝜇 + 𝜏) 2 √ ∫0 [𝜆+(𝜇−𝜆)𝑥]𝑟+𝑠−1 𝐾𝑛+1 [ ]
𝛾 (𝜇+𝜎)𝜂 (1−𝑥)𝜂 𝑑𝑥 (2.10)
𝜋 2 (𝜇𝑥)

Proof
𝜆 𝜇
(2.9) can be obtained by using the transformation − = 𝜆 − 𝜇 in (2.1).
𝑥 𝑡

Inserting 𝜆 − 𝜇 = 𝜎in (2.9) gives (2.10).

Theorem 5: The following integral representations hold true:

3 3
1 2𝑝 1 𝑝(𝜆−𝜇)𝛾+𝜂
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = (𝜆−𝜇)𝑟+𝑠−2 √ 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝜇)𝑟−2 (𝜆 − 𝑥)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 ((𝑥−𝜇)𝛾 (𝜆−𝑥)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑥 (2.11)
2

3 3
1 𝑟− 𝑠− 2𝛾+𝜂 𝑝 𝜋
∫−1(1 + 𝑥) 2 (1 − 𝑥) 2 𝐾𝑛+1 ((1+𝑥)𝛾 (1−𝑥)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑟+𝑠−2 √2𝑝 𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) (2.12)
2

Proof
𝑥−𝜇 𝑑𝑥
Using the transformation 𝑡 = 𝜆−𝜇in (2.1), 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜆−𝜇,𝑡 = 0: 𝑥 = 𝑢, 𝑡 = 1: 𝑥 = 𝜆 and

3 3
2𝑝 𝜆 𝑥 − 𝜇 𝑟−2 𝜆 − 𝑥 𝑠−2 𝑝 𝑑𝑥
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = √ ∫ ( ) ( ) 𝐾𝑛+1 ( 𝛾 𝜆−𝑥 𝜂 ) ⋅
𝜋 𝜇 𝜆−𝜇 𝜆−𝜇 2 𝑥−𝜇
( ) ( ) 𝜆−𝜇
𝜆−𝜇 𝜆−𝜇

On simplifying the right-hand side of the above equation, we get the desired result.

Substituting 𝜆 = 1and 𝜇 = −1 in (2.11) gives (2.12).

3. The Generalized Extended Hypergeometric Functions

Definition: The generalized extended Gauss hypergeometric function is defined as

𝐵𝑛 (𝜗2 +𝑛,𝜗3 −𝜗2 ;𝑝;𝛾,𝜂) 𝑡 𝑛
2𝐹1 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 ; 𝑡; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = ∑∞
𝑛=0(𝜗1 )𝑛 𝐵(𝜗2 ,𝜗3 −𝜗2 ) 𝑛!
(3.1)

𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑛) ≥ 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗3 ) > 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗2 ) > 0 and |𝑡| < 1.

Definition: The generalized extended Appel hypergeometric functions are defined as

𝑡1 𝑛 𝑡2 𝑚
𝐹 2 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = ∑∞
𝑛,𝑚=0(𝜗2 )𝑛 (𝜗3 )𝑛 𝐵𝑛 (𝜗1 + 𝑛 + 𝑚, 𝜗4 − 𝜗1 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) 𝑛! 𝑚!
(3.2)

𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑛) ≥ 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗4 ) > 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗1 ) > 0 and |𝑡1 | < 1, |𝑡2 | < 1.
𝐵𝑛 (𝜗2 +𝑛,𝜗4−𝜗2 ;𝑝;𝛾,𝜂) 𝐵𝑛 (𝜗3 +𝑚,𝜗5 −𝜗3 ;𝑝;𝛾,𝜂) 𝑡1𝑛 𝑡2𝑚
and 𝐹 2 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 , 𝜗5 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = ∑∞
𝑛,𝑚=0(𝜗1 )𝑛+𝑚 𝐵(𝜗2,𝜗4 −𝜗2 ) 𝐵(𝜗3 ,𝜗5 −𝜗3 ) 𝑛! 𝑚!
(3.3)

𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑛) ≥ 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗4 ) > 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗2 ) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗5 ) > 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗3 ) > 0 and |𝑡1 | + |𝑡2 | < 1.

Definition: The generalized extended Lauricella hypergeometric function is defined as

𝐹 2 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 , 𝜗5 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 , 𝑡3 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = ∑∞
𝑛,𝑚,𝑘=0(𝜗2 )𝑛 (𝜗3 )𝑛 (𝜗4 )𝑛 𝐵𝑛 (𝜗1 + 𝜇 + 𝑚 + 𝑘, 𝜗5 −
𝑡1 𝑛 𝑡2 𝑚 𝑡3 𝑘
𝜗1 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) 𝑛! 𝑚! 𝑘!
(3.4)

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𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑛) ≥ 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗5 ) > 𝑅𝑒( 𝜗1 ) > 0 and |𝑡1 | < 1, |𝑡2 | < 1, |𝑡3 | < 1.

Theorem 6: The following integral representation holds true.

1
2𝑝 1 3 3 𝑝
𝐹(𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 ; 𝑡1 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = √ ∫ 𝑡 𝜗1 −2 (1 − 𝑡)𝜗3 −𝜗2 −2 (1 − 𝑡1 𝑡)−𝜗1 𝐾𝑛+1 ( 𝛾 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋 𝐵(𝜗2 , 𝜗3 − 𝜗2 ) 0 2 𝑡 (1 − 𝑡)𝜂

(3.5)

|𝑎𝑟𝑔( 1 − 𝑡1 )| < 𝜋, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑝) > 0, 𝑅𝑒( 𝑛) ≥ 0, 𝛾, 𝜂 > 0.

Proof

By using the relationship between beta function and hypergeometric function together with the well-known relation
(𝑡1𝑡)𝑛
(1 − 𝑡1 𝑡)−𝜗 = ∑∞
𝑛=0(𝜗)𝑛 𝑛!
, we obtain the required result. (3.6)

Theorem 7: The following integral representation holds true.

3 3
2𝑝 1 1𝜗 − 𝜗 −𝜗 −
𝐹(𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = √
𝜋 𝐵(𝜗1,𝜗4 −𝜗1
∫ 𝑡 1 2 (1 − 𝑡) 4 1 2 (1 − 𝑡1 𝑡)−𝜗2 (1 −
) 0
−𝜗3 𝑝
𝑡2 𝑡) 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑡 (3.7)
2

Proof

Applying (2.1) in (3.3), we have

3
2𝑝 1 1
𝜗 +𝑛+𝑚−
𝐹(𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = ∑∞
𝑛,𝑚=0 √ 𝜋 𝐵(𝜗1 ,𝜗4−𝜗1
∫ 𝑡 1
) 0
2 (1 −

3
𝜗4 −𝜗1 − 𝑝 𝑡1 𝑛 𝑡2 𝑚
𝑡) 2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑡(𝜗2 )𝑛 (𝜗3 )𝑚 𝑛! 𝑚!
(3.8)
2

On simplifying the right-hand side of the above equation, we get the required result.

Lemma: For a bounded sequence {𝑓(𝛿)}∞

𝛿=0 of essentially arbitrary complex numbers, we have

(𝑡1 +𝑡2)𝛿 𝑡1 𝑛 𝑡2 𝑚
∑∞
𝛿=0 𝑓(𝛿) = ∑∞ ∞
𝑛=0 ∑𝑚=0 𝑓(𝑡1 + 𝑡2 ) (3.9)
𝛿! 𝑛! 𝑚!

Theorem 8: The following integral representations hold true;

3 3 3
2𝑝 1 1 1 1
𝜗 − 𝜗 −𝜗 − 𝜗 −
𝐹(𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 , 𝜗5 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = 𝜋 𝐵(𝜗2,𝜗4 −𝜗2 ) 𝐵(𝜗3 ,𝜗5−𝜗3
∫ ∫ 𝑡 2 2 (1 − 𝑡) 4 2 2 𝑣 2 2 (1 −
) 0 0
3
𝜗5 −𝜗3 − −𝜗1
𝑣) (1 − 𝑡𝑡1 − 𝑣𝑡2 )
2 ×
𝑝 𝑝
𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑣 𝛾(1−𝑣)𝜂) 𝑑𝑡𝑑𝑣 (3.10)
2 2

Proof

Putting (2.1) in (3.3), we have

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3 3
2𝑝 1
𝜗2 +𝑛− 𝜗 −𝜗2 − 𝑝
𝐹 2 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 , 𝜗5 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) = ∑∞
𝑛,𝑚=0× {∫0 𝑡 2 (1 − 𝑡) 4 2𝐾 1(
𝑛+ 𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂
) 𝑑𝑡} ×
𝜋 2
1 3 3
𝑝 (1 )n  m 𝑡1 𝑛 𝑡2 𝑚
{∫0 𝑣 𝜗2 +𝑛−2 (1 − 𝑣)𝜗5 −𝜗3 −2 𝐾𝑛+1 ( 𝛾 ) 𝑑𝑣} (3.11)
𝑣 (1−𝑣)𝜂 2 B(2 ,4  2 )B(3 ,5  3 ) 𝑛! 𝑚!

Interchanging the order of integration and summation in (3.11) gives

2𝑝 1
𝐹 2 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 , 𝜗5 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) =
𝜋 𝐵(𝜗2 , 𝜗4 − 𝜗2 )𝐵(𝜗3 , 𝜗5 − 𝜗3 )
1 1 3 3 3 3 𝑝 𝑝
× ∫ ∫ 𝑡 𝜗2−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝜗4−𝜗2−2 𝑣 𝜗2 −2 (1 − 𝑣)𝜗5 −𝜗3 −2 𝐾𝑛+1 ( 𝛾 𝜂
) 𝐾𝑛+1 ( 𝛾 𝜂
)
0 0 2 𝑡 (1 − 𝑡) 2 𝑣 (1 − 𝑣)
∞
(𝑡𝑡1 )𝑛 (𝑣𝑡2 )𝑚
× ( ∑ (𝜗1 )𝑛+𝑚 ) 𝑑𝑡𝑑𝑣
𝑛! 𝑚!
𝑛,𝑚=0

Applying (3.9), we obtain the desired result.

Theorem 9: The following integral representation also holds

𝐹 3 (𝜗1 , 𝜗2 , 𝜗3 , 𝜗4 , 𝜗5 ; 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 , 𝑡3 ; 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂) =
3 3
𝜗 − 𝜗 −𝜗 −
2𝑝 1 1 𝑡 1 2(1−𝑡) 3 1 2 𝑝
√ ∫ 𝐾𝑛+1 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 (3.12)
𝜋 𝐵(𝜗1 ,𝜗5−𝜗1 ) 0 (1−𝑡1𝑡)𝜗2 (1−𝑡2𝑡)𝜗3 (1−𝑡3𝑡)𝜗4 𝛾
2 𝑡 (1−𝑡)
𝜂

Proof

The proof of (3.12) is similar to that of (3.10)

4. Generalized Extended Riemann-Liouville Fractional Derivative

The classical Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is defined as [14]

𝑑𝑘 1 𝑥
𝐷𝛼 𝜑(𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑘 {𝛤(𝑘−𝛼) ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑘−𝛼−1 𝜑(𝑡)𝑑𝑡} (4.1)

An extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is given by [10]

𝛼 𝑑𝑘 1 2𝑝 𝑥 𝑝𝑧 2𝑚
𝐷𝑛;𝑝;𝑚 𝜑(𝑥) = {
𝑑𝑥 𝑘 𝛤(𝑘−𝛼)
√
𝜋
∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑘−𝛼−1 𝜑(𝑡)𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝑚(1−𝑡)𝑚 ) 𝑑𝑡} (4.2)
2

The generalize extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is defined as

𝛼 𝑑𝑘 1 2𝑝 𝑥 𝑝𝑧 𝛾+𝜂
𝐷𝑛;𝑝;𝛾,𝜂 𝜑(𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑘 {𝛤(𝑘−𝛼) √ 𝜋 ∫0 (𝑥 − 𝑡)𝑘−𝛼−1 𝜑(𝑡)𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑡} (4.3)
2

Remark 4.1

1. For 𝛾 = 𝜂, the generalized extended Riemann-Liouville fractional operator reduces to (4.2)

2. When 𝛾 = 𝜂 = 1, 𝑛 = 0and 𝑝 → 0, the generalized extended Riemann-Liouville fractional
operator reduces to (4.1)
5. Mellin Transform

Theorem 10: The following relation holds:

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𝑗 𝑛 𝛾−1 𝜂−1
1 𝛤(𝑗+𝑛)𝛤(2− 2 ) 𝛤(𝑟+𝛾𝑗+ 2 )𝛤(𝑠+𝜂𝑗+ 2 )
𝑀{𝐵(𝑟, 𝑠, 𝑝; 𝛾, 𝜂): 𝑝 → 𝑗} = 2𝑗 𝑗 𝑛 1 (3.13)
𝛤( + ) 𝛤(𝑟+𝑠+(𝛾+𝜂)𝑗+ (𝛾+𝜂−2)
2 2 2

Proof

The Mellin transform of a function f(x) is given by

∞
𝑀{𝑓(𝑥): 𝑥 → 𝑗} = ∫0 𝑥 𝑗−1 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (3.14)

Applying the above the definition to (2.1), we have

∞
2𝑝 1 3 3 𝑝
𝑀{𝐵(𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂): 𝑝 → 𝑗} = ∫ 𝑝 𝑗−1 √ ∫ 𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 ( 𝛾 𝜂
) 𝑑𝑡𝑑𝑝
0 𝜋 0 2 𝑡 (1 − 𝑡)

3 3 1
2 1 ∞ 𝑝
= √𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 ∫0 𝑝 𝑗+2−1 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑡𝑑𝑝
2

𝑝
Using the transformation 𝜑 = 𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂, we have

1 3 1 3 1
2 1 ∞
= √𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟+𝛾(𝑗+2)−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠+𝜂(𝑗+2)−2 𝑑𝑡 ∫0 𝜑 𝑗+2−1 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝜑)𝑑𝜑
2

𝛾 1 𝜂 1 1
2 1 ∞
= √𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟+𝛾𝑗+2−2−1 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠+𝜂𝑗+ 2−2−1 𝑑𝑡 ∫0 𝜑 𝑗+2−1 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝜑)𝑑𝜑
2

Applying (1.2), we have

𝛾−1 𝜂−1
2 𝛤(𝑟+𝛾𝑗+ 2 )𝛤(𝑠+𝜂𝑗+ 2 ) ∞ 𝑗+1−1
√ ∫ 𝜑 2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝜑)𝑑𝜑
𝜋 𝛤(𝑟+𝑠+(𝛾+𝜂)𝑗+1(𝛾+𝜂−2) 0
2 2

𝑗 𝑛 𝑗 𝑛
Using the relation 𝑀{𝐾𝑛 (𝑧): 𝑧 → 𝑗} = 2𝑗−2 𝛤(2 + 2 )𝛤(2 − 2 ),

The above integral can also be expressed as

1 3
∞ 𝑗+ −1 𝑗− 𝑗 𝑛 1 𝑗 𝑛
∫0 𝜑 2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝜑)𝑑𝜑 = 2 2 𝛤(2 + 2 + 2)𝛤(2 − 2 )
2

1
Since 𝛤(𝑛)𝛤(𝑛 + 2) = 21−2𝑛 √𝜋𝛤(2𝑛),

3 𝑗 𝑛
𝑗− 1−2( + ) 𝑗 𝑛 𝑗 𝑛
2 22 2 2 √𝜋𝛤2( + )𝛤( − )
2 2 2 2
= 𝑗 𝑛
𝛤( + )
2 2

1 𝑗 𝑛
𝛤(𝑗+𝑛)𝛤( − )
= 2−2−𝑗 √𝜋 𝑗 𝑛
2 2
𝛤( + )
2 2

Combining the two parts, we have

𝛾−1 𝜂−1
∞
2 𝛤(𝑟 + 𝛾𝑗 + 2 )𝛤(𝑠 + 𝜂𝑗 + 2 ) 1
𝑗+ −1
√ ∫ 𝜑 2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝜑)𝑑𝜑
𝜋 𝛤(𝑟 + 𝑠 + (𝛾 + 𝜂)𝑗 + 1 (𝛾 + 𝜂 − 2) 0 2
2

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=
𝛾−1 𝜂−1 1 𝑗 𝑛
2 𝛤(𝑟+𝛾𝑗+ )𝛤(𝑠+𝜂𝑗+ ) − −𝑗 𝛤(𝑗+𝑛)𝛤( − )
2 2 2 2
√ 1 2 2 √𝜋 𝑗 𝑛
𝜋 𝛤(𝑟+𝑠+(𝛾+𝜂)𝑗+ (𝛾+𝜂−2) 𝛤( + )
2 2 2

On simplifying the above equation, we get the desired result.

6. The Beta Distribution of the New Generalised Beta Function

3 3
2𝑝 1 𝑝
√
𝜋 𝐵𝑛 (𝑟,𝑠,𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)
𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) , 0 < 𝑡 < 1
𝐹(𝑡) = { 2 (4.1)
0, 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

If 𝑖 is any real number, and 𝑝 > 0, −∞ < 𝑟 < ∞, −∞ < 𝑠 < ∞; 𝛾, 𝜂 > 0.

The moment generating function of the distribution

𝑡𝑖
𝑀(𝑡) = ∑∞ 𝑖
𝑖=0 𝑖! 𝐸(𝑋 )

𝐵𝑛 (𝑟+𝑖,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂) 𝑡 𝑖
= ∑∞
𝑖=0 𝐵𝑛 (𝑟,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂) 𝑖!
(4.2)

For 𝑖 = 1,
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟+1,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)
𝐸(𝑋) = 𝐵𝑛 (𝑟,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)
= 𝜇 (Mean) (4.3)

𝐵𝑛 (𝑟 + 2, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) [𝐵𝑛 (𝑟 + 1, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂)]2
𝐸(𝑋 2 ) − [𝐸(𝑋)]2 = −
𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) [𝐵𝑛 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂)]2
𝐵(𝑟,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)𝐵(𝑟+2,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)−𝐵2 (𝑟+1,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)
= 𝐵2(𝑟,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)

= 𝜎 2 (Variance) (4.4)

The cumulative distribution of (3.1) is

𝐵𝑋 (𝑟,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)
𝐹(𝑋) = 𝐵(𝑟,𝑠;𝑝;𝛾;𝜂)
(4.5)

Where 𝐵𝑋 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) is a new generalised incomplete beta function defined by;

3 3
2𝑝 𝑋 𝑝
𝐵𝑋 (𝑟, 𝑠; 𝑝; 𝛾; 𝜂) = √ 𝜋 ∫0 𝑡 𝑟−2 (1 − 𝑡)𝑠−2 𝐾𝑛+1 (𝑡 𝛾(1−𝑡)𝜂 ) 𝑑𝑡 (4.6)
2

Conlusion

This research discuss the generalization of the generalized extended beta function

References

1. R. K. Parmar, P. Chopra and R. B. Paris (2017). “On an Extension of Extended Beta Function.” Journal of
Classical Analysis, Volume II, No. 2, pp. 91 – 106.
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