. ..
 

( BC )    ( D) . 77 ( ABC )  (3 .   (I

N ( AC )  M ( AB)   O       ( L)  ( D) 
A AM AN MN
= = :  ! ( P)    M 
AB AC BC (D ) M   ( L)      M ' 
M N AB AC BC . ( D)   M  
= = 
AM AN MN M ' (L ) M      M '  
B C . ( D)   ( L) 
MA NA MN
= ≠ " 
MB NC BC  
. 86   I  3*  89 ( ABCD)  (4 . !" # $  % #& ' ( L)  M     (a
IA IB AB . O   ' ( D)  M     (b
A B = = :  ! )   ' ( D)   ( L)   ( (c
IC ID CD
IC ID AB . ( P) * ( P)   p
I = =  . p( M ) = M ' - M   ' M ' +  ,$
IA IB CD
 !   (  p . ( D) ⊥ ( L)  ,$ (d
D C BI AI AB
= ≠ "  . ( L)
BD AC CD
: " #  "! (5 . ! (II
+  3  ( L3 )  ( L2 )  ( L1 )  (a :  /0  1 *  ( (1
A A '
#  6 ( D ')  ( D)  {( A,α ), ( B, β )} /0 G  ,$
(L1 )  C  B  A  
B B ' p(G ) = G '  p( B) = B '  p( A) = A ' 
(L 2 ) .   C'  B'  A'
(L 3 ) C C ' {( A ',α ), ( B ', β )} /0 G' .
 ( L1 ) //( L2 ) :  3"   1 *  ( (2

( L1 ) //( L2 ) //( L3 ) .  AB A ' B '  ,$ [ A ' B '] /0 I' . [ AB ] 3"  I  ,$
 = p( B) = B '  p( A) = A '  4*
 AC A ' C '
( AC )  N  ( AB )  M . 77 ( ABC )  (b :  #0      1 *  ( (3
A ' B ' = kC ' D ' . AB = kCD  ,$

















AM AN
( MN ) //( BC ) . =  ,$
AB AC  D  C  B  A " ' D '  C'  B'  A'  
: "  . 
< +":    4;3;2;1 +": (1  (III
 . 0 <  =      9
.  > !# (5)   ": +  5 ( L4 )  ( L3 )  ( L2 )  ( L1 )  (1
.   D  C  B  A   +  ,$ (2 C  B  A   #  6 ( D ')  ( D)  
AB = kCD ?  AB = kCD :  ! .   D '  C'  B'  A' D 







A A ' CA C ' A ' AB A ' B '
B B ' ......  BD = B ' D '  CD = C ' D '
C C '
D D ' ( L3 )  ( L2 )  ( L1 )  (2
( D ')  ( D)   +  3
A A ' C  B  A   #  6
(L1 )
(L 2 ) B B ' .   C'  B'  A'
(L 3 ) C C ' :  !
CB C ' B ' AB A ' B '
......  =  =
AB A ' B ' AC A ' C '