Electric Drives Questions Latest Electric Drives MCQ Objective Questions og c Ce AULT aclu MR eee a Sela mel) (CM cede tela) D Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > A motor - load combination operating in motoring mode (quadrant - |) has the following speed torque characteristics : T(motor) = 0.1 N - 10 (N- m) T(load) = 0.25 N- 75 (N-m) where T(motor) is e motor torque in N ~m, T(load) is a load torque in N - m and N is a speed of the motor - load combination in RPM. What is the steady state speed of the system after exciting it? 1, 6663 REM 2. 433.3°RPM x, 4. 700 RPM Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2 : 433.3 RPMcoaching India’s Super Teachers for all govt. exams Under One Roof GF) vere cases patie Electric Drives Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept . At steady state: : T(motor) = T(load) Calculation T(motor) = 0.1 N - 10 (N- m) 0.25 N - 75 (N-m) 0.25N -75 O.15N = 65 N = 433.3 RPM ee Te a Loy Cent Start Complete Exam Preparation Dally Live eed Teac De ctro reenact Pxorcred D> Download App Question 2: Which of the following statements is correct in the case of multi-loop based close-loop control of DC and AC drives having speed and current feedbacks?1, Output of current control provides therefere nce 2. Speed control loop is faster t 1t control loop. 3. Speed control ee loops have equal bandwidth. urrent loop is faster than the speed control loop. Answer (Detailod Solution Bolow) Option 4 : Current control loop is faster than the speed control loop. Electric Drives Question 2 Detailed Solution The correct answer is: 4) Current control loop is faster than the speed control loop. Concept: + Ina multi-loop based closed-loop control of DC and AC drives, both speed and current feedback are used to achieve precise control of the motor. The current control loop and the speed control loop are interconnected in a cascaded fashion, where the output of the current control loop is used as the input reference for the speed control loop. + The current control loop is responsible for regulating the motor current to a desired value. The speed control loop, on the other hand, is responsible for regulating the motor speed to a desired value. Since the current control loop operates at a lower level than the speed control loop, it is designed to have a faster response time than the speed control loop. + In other words, the current control loop is faster than the speed control loop. This is be the current control loop needs to be fast enough to respond to any changes in th: motor characteristics that might affect the motor current. The speed control other hand, does not need to respond as quickly to these changes, as it operat higher level of abstraction. 1 ist Torque Controller ot Speed EA ControllerOption 4 Is therefore the correct answer, while options 1, 2, ana 3 are not accurate statements regarding multi-loop based closed-loop control of DC and AC drives. eee ec Start Complete Exam Preparation CCC A Seca recess ) Brattice eheew ead See Crestor Exotic Question 3: View this Question Online > Which of the following load offers characteristic close to a constant load torque? 1. Water pumping load 2. Traction load 3. Low speed hoist 4, Fan type of load Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Fan type of load Electric Drives Question 3 Detailed Solution Concept: The load thet offers chafacteristics close to a constant load torque is the "Fan type of load”. Ina fan load, the torque required to rotate the fan is proportional to the square of the fan speed. Therefore, as the fan speed changes, the load torque remains relatively constant. This is similar toa constant torque load, as the load torque is not affected by changes in speed. In contrast, water pumping loads. traction loads, and low-speed hoists are all variable torque loads.meaning the torque required changes with speed. For example, the torque required to lift a load with a hoist will increase as the load gets heavier, and the torque required to accelerate a train with a traction load will vary with changes in speed, Most of the industrial loads can be classified into the following 4 general categories: + Constant torque type load + Torque proportional to speed (generator type load) + Torque proportional to the square of speed (fan type load) * Torque inversely proportional to speed (constant power type load) Constant torque type load: 3 T=Ko oO Torque + Separately excited de generators connected to a constant resistance load, eddy current brakes have speed-torque characteristics given by T = KW Torque proportional to the square of speed (Fan type load): T=Ko" + The torque speed curve ofa load is a plot showing its torque requirement on the y-axis versus the speed on the x-axis. + It's the torque requirement of the load from zero speed to full speed. + It's application/load specific and varies with different load types. + Load like centrifugal pumps and fan follows quadratic speed torque curve, where torque varies square times the speed, ( oF Torque (N-m)se eee) Prope oes pee: o To + Load power remains constant in this type of load * Lather, boring machines, milling machines, steel mill coilers, and electric traction loads have this type of torque-speed characteristic. Metal Drawing load: + Metal drawing is a manufacturing process to do bulk deformation in metal work is worked upon to reduce its cross-sectional area. + The bulk deformaticn signifies the massive changes in shape and a significant amount of deformation has been done. cae ee a ne parte) See Cr Chula cele RCC aR A ca ey cS —\ rete Pero aa Question 4: View this Question Online > For electrical drives dw (A) For T(t) < Ti(t), “de > 0 aw (8) For Tm(t) > T(t), “ar > 0, speed increases (© For Tm(t) = T(t), ae = 0, drive attains steady state Tdw ow? di(a)ee ee ee Ve reed DEAE: © Equation = T(t) - T(t) the correct answer from the options given below: (8), (©) 6) only 2. (A), (©), (0) only (A) and (®) only * (8) and (D) only Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : (8), (), €) only Electric Drives Question 4 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option 1 Electrical drive An electrical drive is a load-motor combination in whicl is encountered by the motor torque (Tim). Under a steady state, the load torque is ner torque and the acceleration is zero. At steady state, T(t) = T(t), te Hence, statement C is correct. When motor torque becomes greater than load torque, the system accelerates, and speed increases. For Tm(t) > T.(t), a > 0, speed increases Hence, statement B is correct. The load torque equation is: aw _ v2 ala) ate ~ te = Tm(t) - TL) Hence, statement E is correct.& & eee era Selmer wince aS Practice eh Dechy Crested Ga eer DS eee Question 5: View this Question Online > The method employed for speed control of 3-phase induction motor is 1. Fixed pole control x control 3. Combination of Fixed pole and Linear control 4. Cascade control Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: Cascade control Electric Drives Question 5 Detailed Solution The method employed for speed control of a 3-phase induction motor is cascade control. Concept: The speed of the induction motor can be controlled by any of the following methods 1. Cascade control method * In this method of speed control, two motors are used. Both are mounted on the sameyshaft so that both run at the same speed. + One motor is fed fram a 3-phase supply and the other motor is fed ffom the induced emf in the first motor via slip-rings. \2. V/f control or frequency control * The basic idea of a V/f control is to maintain the Stator flux constant. In order to operate the machine under nominal conditions, the stator flux must be nominal. * This control method is comm plied to blower fans and centrifugal pumps. 3. Pole changing method + Pole Changing Method is one of the main methods of speed control of an induction motor. + This method of controlling the speed by pole changing is used mainly for the cage motor only because the cage rotor automatically develops a number of poles, which is equal to the poles of the stator winding. + This method is used in AC locomotives. 4. Supply voltage method * The speed control of a three-phase induction motor is obtained by changing the supply voltage until the torque required by the load is developed at the desired speed. + The torque developed by the induction motor is directly proportional to the square of the supply voltage and the current is proportional to the voltage. + Therefore, the stator voltage control method is suitable for applications where the load torque decreases with the speed, as in the case of a fan load. & India’s #1 Learning Platform Ree a oat Start Complete Exam Preparation Cees Fores (ha Ds ieee researc Download App Gad Sete Question 6 View this Question Online > In the speed control of a slip ring induction motor using slip power recovery scheme _. 1. The efficiency increases but power factor decreases. 2. Efficiency improves and power factor.remains.cofstant. 3. Power factor improves bilt €fficiency decreases. 4. Both Powef fattor and efficiency improve. ~_Answer (Dotailod Solution Below) Option 1 : The efficiency increases but power factor decreases. Electric Drives Question 6 Detailed Solution When the speed control of three-phase induction motor is done by adding resistance in rotor circuit, some part of power called, the slip power is lost. Therefore the efficiency of three-phase induction motor is reduced by this method of speed control This slip power loss can be recovered and supplied back to improve the overall efficiency of the three-phase induction motor, but power factor decreases. This scheme of recovering the power is called slip power recovery scheme and this is done by connecting an external source of emf of slip frequency to the rotor circuit. Note: Slip Power Recovery Schemes: QO This system is mainly used for induction motor speed control. The speed control el ol it thle motor has poor efficiency due to the wasting of slip power in the rotor NES covery scheme, the induction motor speed is controlled to avoid slip power =O These are used in both constant power and constant torqu AG A. be used to control: | Induction motor ii, Synchronous motor 4. Onlyi 2. Only ii 3. Both i and ii 4. Neitheri nor ii Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Both i and ii Electric Drives Question 7 Detailed Solution Adjustable frequency AC motor drive controllers frequently termed inverters are typically more complex than DC controllers ee two power section functions: + Conversion of the AC line p uurce to DC + An inverter change from DC to 2 coordinated adjustable frequency and voltage output to the AC motor The robust constructions and low cost of the AC motor make it very desirable for a wide range of PRR eR SE SN Bn a Sea ee eee gat se ea Ba ern aie 2 SRST AREdevice simply by the addition of an adjustable frequency controller creates a very strong incentive for this type of drive. AC drives can be used to control both the induction motor and synchronous motor. x ee ane aor) AS eVa me CM Chime l ely eC a eee rea oat] Prac Pesce Question Bank erties Download App ‘Question 8 View this Question Online > Harmonics in DC Drives as compared to AC drives is: 1. Zero 1 3. Low 4. High Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Zero Electric Drives Question 8 Detailed Solution. Advantages of DC drives over AC drives: + The attractive featul dc motor is that it offers a wide range of speed control both above and below the fatey speeds + Deseries motors are termed as best suited drives for electrical traction applications used for driving heavy loads in starting conditions * Quick starting, stopping, reversing and acceleration + Free from harmonies, reactive power consumption and many factors which makes de motors more advantageous compared to A.C induction motorsa India’s #1 Learning Platform PS mel ele el) Rea cca ic Poe aes’ Pera DOR taelnecey (ere c & Quizzes Download App ‘Question 9 \View this Question Online > In a four-quadrant operation of an electric machine, the third quadrant operation is: 1. forward motoring 2. reverse braking 3. forward braking 4, reverse motoring Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: reverse motoring Electric Drives Question 9 Detailed Solution Multiquadrant Operation of Electric Drives: A quadrant diagram is drawn by plotting the speed-torque characteristics of the load/motor for all four quadrant operations. There are basically two modes of operation: () Motoring Mode: The electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy and supports the motion. (ji) Braking mode: The mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and the motor works as a generator and opposes the motion. The fig. below shows the torque and speed coordinates for both forward and reverse motions We know that motor can provide metoring ahd braking operation for both forward and reverse directions.Forward Ne ing motoring Torque Multiquadrant operation of drives The power is given as Power = Speed x Torque. Now, if the power developed is positive then the operation is motoring. If the power developed is negative, the operation is braking, Quadrant | - Forward Motoring: In this region, the power and torque are both positive, so the power developed is positive and the machine works as a motor supplying mechanical energy. Quadrant Il - Forward Braking: In this region, the speed is positive, but torque is negative, so power developed is negative and the machine works under braking opposing the motion. Quadrant Ill - Reverse Motoring: In this region, the speed is negative and the torque is also negative, so power developed is positive and so the machine works under reverse motoring mode. Quadrant IV - Reverse Braking: In this region, the torque is positive and the speed is negative, so the power developed is negative, so the machine works as a braking mode in the reverse direction Four-Quadrant Operation of the Hoi:too wf Sed ee To Ty Motion e & % Motion Counter weight Counter Empty Loaded weight cage cede Forward braking mode Forward motoring mode aug Reverse moioring mode Reemebaking mode. | @|® ee Pe Empty cage [Counter —_Load torque weight with empty cage The hoist consists of a rope wound on a drum coupled to the motor shaft. There are two ends of the rope, on one end, there is a cage and on the other end there is a counter weight. The counter-weight is higher than the weight of the empty cage and lower than the weight of the fully-loaded cage. When there is an upward motion of the cage, then it represents the forward direction of the motor. In quadrant | and IV, load torque shows the speed-torque characteristics of the loaded hoist. The torque is a difference of torque due to loaded hoist and counter-weight. In quadrant II and Ill, load torque shows the speed-torque characteristics of the empty hoist. The torque is a difference of torque due to counter-weight and empty hoist. The operation in all four quadrants can be explained as follows: Quadrant 1- Forward Motoring: The cage moves upward, so the speed of the motor is positive in the counter-clockwise direction. This condition is obtained if the motor has positive torque in counter-clockwise direction equal to the magnitude of load torque T, ; Quadrant Il - Forward Braking:In this region, the empty cage is moved up. The motor Should produce a braking torque equal to Tz in the clockwise direction to limit the speed to a safe limit. Quadrant Ill - Reverse motoring: In this region, the empty cage is moved down. The motor should produce torque in a clockwise direction because an empty cage has a lesser weight than a counter-weight. Quadrant IV - Reverse Braking: In this region, the loaded cage is moved down, The motor should produce a positive torque T equal to Typ in an anticlockwise direction to limit the cage cag in safe value. As the weight of the loaded cage is higher than counter-weight, so it is able to overcome due to gravity itself. eee ec Pe pS ela me) CM ee de lila ely Deets ees cos ore cee Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > The initial temperature of machine is 45°C. Calculate the temperature of machine after 1.2 hours, if its final steady temperature rise is 85° C and the heating time constant is 2.4 hours. Consider ambient temperature as 25° C. 1. (85-25e° 2. @5-65e°)°C 3. (110-65 e 95°C 4, 85-656)" Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: (85 =65.e)9°)° Cbad luestion 10 Detailed Solution Heat curve in a machine is given by o=e, (1 = e+) Temperature of machine at any instant is given by — (64+ 0,—O)e* 0, = By Where, 65 = Final steady temperature rise 6; = Initial temperature 6, = Ambient temperature t= Time 1 = Heating time constant Heating time constant of the motor is defined as the time required to heat up the motor upto 0.633 times (63.2%) of its final temperature rise and is equal to It can also be defined as the time taken by the machine to reach its final steady state temperature rise if initial rate of change of temperature is maintained. Note: + Cooling time constant is defined as the time taken by the machine for its temperature rise to fall to 0.368 times (36.8%) of its initial value. On 6,(1- 6") T #0.632 OF ¢ WL Oo Tenperaie rise of electric motor stating beam cold. Heating - time raken to reach 0.632 Om xe”Cooling curve of electric motor switched off from makes cooling — time constant = time taken to reach 0.368 Om. Calculation: Given - r= 85°C, 6 = 45°C 6: = 25°C t= 12 hours T= 24 hours < Temperature of machine after 1.2 hours is @= (85 - 65e°5)°C ES ABe UT aCe) AS ela mee) (CM ee dere) one) Praca Creeeor ro peat Download App ‘Question 11 View this Question Online > In V/F control of a 3-phase induction motor, if voltage is increased by 10%, in order to keep air gap flux constant, what is the % inerement or decrement in frequency? 1, Frequency is decreased by 10% 2. Frequency isidecreased'by 20% 3. ~z is increased by 109% 4, Frequency is increased by 20% Answer (Detailed Solution Below)Option 3 : Frequency is increased by 10% Electric Drives Question 11 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option 3): (Frequency is increased by 10%) Concept: (V/1) control or frequency control method It is basically frequency control but to maintain Bmaxconstant T The frequency variations should be done by:keeping the (V / f) ratio constant. The synchronous speed of -. EnV ¥: 9% Binge & ¥ n motor in rpm is Flux & Im To maintain magnetizing current constant, if frequency is reduced by 10 %, then voltage also to be reduced by 10 %. es eee are tacori) Rec ar ce ott Start Complete Exam Preparation aes foe Pac Deion Question Bank Exe Download App Question 12 (View this Question Online > are used in control systems to attain the mechanical matching of the motor to the load. 1, Synchros 2. DC servomotors 3 we—_— 4, Stepper motors Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Gear trains Electric Drives Question 12 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option 3):(Gear trains) Concept: + A gear train is a mechanical system made up of gears mounted on a frame + gear set or gear train is a configuration in which two or more gears mesh together to transmit power from one shaft to another + The main purpose of a gear train is to increase torque or speed. The arrangement of the driver and driven gears determine if the gear train will increase torque or speed. + The gear ratio (GR) of a gear train is the ratio of the angulanispeed of the input gear to the angular speed of the output gear. + Gear trains are used in control systems to,attain thé mechanical matching of the motor to the load + A simple gear train uses two gears, which may be of different sizes. If one of these gears is attached to a motor or a Cai\then itis called the driver gear. The gear that is tumed by the driver gear is called the ‘> ©; Additional Information + A synchro is a transformer whose primary-to-secondary coupling may be varied by physically changing the relative orientation of the two windings. Synchros are often used for measuring the angle of a rotating machine such as an antenna platform + A servomotor that uses DC electrical input to generate mechanical output like velocity, acceleration or position is known as DC servomotor. + A stepper motor, also known as step motor or stepping motor, is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. eee eee eee yi Start Complete Exam Preparation ee Lie eel Lert Poe coeprey ‘Question 13 View this Quastion Online >Consider following power electronic circuits related totwo-quadrant operation of dic. drive: 1. Half controlled bridge converter 2. Fully controlled bridge converter 3. Dual converter 4.Cho Out zz... - 1,and 2 are correct x 2, 3 and 4 are correct 3. 2, and 3 are correct 4. 4,1 and 2 are correct Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 2, 3 and 4 are correct Electric Drives Question 13 Detailed Solution + Fully controlled bridge eonverters are two quadrant converters having unidirectional current with both positive and negative voltage polarity. + Half controlled bridge converter is used for one quadrant-operation. + Dual converters are used for the four-quadrant operation, It has two converters which are connected back to back. One of the bridges works as rectifier (AC to DC) and other bridge works as inverter (DC to AC) + Step down chopper is used for first quadrant operation (motoring mode) and step up chopper is used for the second quadrant operation (regenerative breaking mode). + Chopper is also used for two quadrant and four quadrant operation. & & rear ei cue Ree aetna Start Complete Exam Preparation Dally ive =) Practice ico Deion errsienc og ttcQuestion 14 View this Question Online > The speed of universal motor is generally reduced by 1. V belts 2. ! 3. chains 4. gear trains Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: gear trains Electric Drives Question 14 Detailed Solution Universal motors + The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator ta create its magnetic field * It is a commutated series-wouind motor where the stator's field coils are connected in series with the rotor windings through a commutator. + Itis often referred Ee sefies motor. The universal motor is very similar to a DC series motor in constructia modified slightly to allow the motor to operate properly on AC power, + This type of electric motor can operate well on AC because the current in both the field coils and the armature (and the resultant magnetic fields) will alteinate (reverse polarity) synchronously with the supply. + The speed of a universal motor is low at full load and very high at no load. « Onno-load, the speed of the universal motor is limited only by its own friction and windage losses and gears trains are used to get the required speed on the required load. India's #1 Learning Platform Ree Rk cea Start Complete Exam Preparation (gq) Pally Live Practice eis Clie beer ea GaDownload App Question 15 1"), View this Question Online > Which is the most common applications of three-phase cyéloconverters? 1. Control speed of large DC shunt generator 2. Control speed of D@Shunt motor 3 z~ of DC compound motor 4. Control speed of large synchronous motor Answer (Detailod Solution Bolow) Option 4 : Control speed of large synchronous motor Electric Drives Question 15 Detailed Solution Cycloconverter Drive: aX. A cyclo-converter converts a constant voltage, constant frequency AC waveform to,another AC waveform of a different frequency. Fixed voltage Variable frequency gi) > fixed frequency ——+) Cycloconverter }—» Variable frequency, AC input AQioutput The cyclo-converter converts AC to AC ahi changing onlythe frequency. Hence it is also known as a frequency changer. Speed of AC Motor: bat fan AC motor has ‘P’ numbers s and supplied frequency is ‘, the speed is given by, Loy N= on Naf Since the speed of the AC motor is dependent on frequency. Hence by using a cyclo-converter, the speed of the AC motor (the Induction motor as well as the synchronous motor) can control.