- Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 energy required to raise the 2

temperature of 1 kg / 1 g / unit
mass of a substance by
1 °C / unit temperature (1)
energy required to raise the
temperature of a substance by
1 °C (1)

2 bigger change in momentum of 2

molecules OR
molecules hit (the walls) harder
(1)
(molecules hit) more often / more
frequently (1)

3 E = VIt in any form OR 4

(E =) VIt OR
(E =) 3 × 12 × 23 × 60 (1)
(E =) 50 000 (J) (1)
C= E / ∆T in any form OR
(C=) E / ∆T OR
(C=) 49 680 / 50 OR
50 000 / 50 (1)
(C=) 990 J / °C (1)

3
4 (−)3.5 × 10 J (1) 2
E = CDT in any form OR
89 × (21 − (−18) OR
89 × (3) OR
89 × 39 (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5 statement: bore of constant 4

(cross sectional) area (1)
explanation: idea of same
movement / change in length of
liquid / thread AND for same
increase in volume / expansion
(of liquid) (1)
statement: (liquid has) constant
thermal expansion (1)
explanation: liquid moves same
distance for each °C
temperature rise (1)

5
6(a) 1.8 × 10 J (1) 2
(E =) VIt (in any form) OR
230 × 13 × 60 OR
230 × 13 OR
3000 (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

6(b) –3 –3 4
9.1 × 10 9.1 × 10
1)(
kg / s kg / s

(Δ T =) 100 − (Δ T=) 100 −

22 OR 22 OR 1)(
78 78

m = E / cΔT (rate =) P /
( any form) cΔT ( any
OR form) OR
5 1)(
1.8 × 10 m = E / cΔT
/ (4200 × 78) and E = Pt

5 3000 / (4200 ×
1.8× 10
78) OR
/ (4200 × 78 ×
230 ×
60) OR
N 13 / (4200 × 1)(
5.5 × 10 OR
N 78) OR
9.1 / 9.2 × 10 N
9.1 / 9.2 × 10

7(a) 0.50 kg (1) 2

ρ = m/V in any form (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5
7(b) 190 000 J / 1.9 × 10 J / 190 kJ 5
(1)
(E=) mc Δ T in any form (1)
(E=) mL in any form (1)
use of c = 4200 (J / kg °C) AND
Δ T = 5 (1)
use of c = 2100 AND Δ T = 18
(1)

8(a) p1V1 = p2V2 in any form OR 3

5 5
0.9 × 10 × 3400 = 2.5 × 10 ×
V2 (1)
(V2 =) p1V1 ÷ p2 OR
(V2 =) 0.9 × 3400 ÷ 2.5 (1)
3
1200 cm (1)

8(b) pressure increases (1) 3

molecules move / collide faster
OR
have greater momentum (1)
molecules collide more
frequently (with piston) OR
with greater change in
momentum (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

9 (E)= Pt OR 4
in any form words or symbols
OR
9000 × 1.0 OR
9000 J seen (1)
35 – 16 OR
19 (°C) seen (1)
(m) = E /(c∆T) or in any form,
words or symbols OR
9000 / (4200 × 19) (1)
0.11 kg (1)

10(a) (E =) mc∆θ OR 4
65 × 720 × 7 (1)
5
3.3 × 10 (J) (1)
P = E / t in any form OR
(t=) E / P OR
6 3
3.3 × 10 / 1.5 × 10 (1)
220 s (1)
 - Mark Scheme /

Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

10(b) any two from: 2

the heater warms walls / floor /
ceiling / windows / furniture /
objects
thermal energy conducted
through walls / floor / ceiling /
windows (to exterior)
thermal energy used to raise
temperature of air entering room
via draughts / openings

[Total: 43]