ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

UDC 539.374+621.044.4 DOI https://doi.org/10.32782/1995-0519.2022.6.7

ENERGY-FLOWS CONTROL IN LIQUIDS AT ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC FORMING

Mykhaylo Taranenko
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Automobile and Transport Infrastructure
National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Chkalov street, 17, Kharkiv, 61070, Ukraine,
m.taranenko@khai.edu
ORCID: 0000-0002-3819-6948

Oleksandr Naryzhniy
Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Theoretical Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering and Robotic
Systems
National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Chkalov street, 17, Kharkiv, 61070, Ukraine,
o.naryzhniy@khai.edu
ORCID: 0000-0002-5379-1964

Anastasiia Symonova
Ph.D., Associate Professor, Doctoral Student at the Mechanical Engineering Department
Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Vul. Pershotravneva, 20, 39600, Ukraine,
NSymonova@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0003-1411-6656

Dmytro Moloshtan
Ph.D., Doctoral Student at the Mechanical Engineering Department
Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Vul. Pershotravneva, 20, 39600, Ukraine,
moloshtandima@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-8881-8541

Volodymyr Drahobetskyi
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor,
Head of the Mechanical Engineering Department,
Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University,
Vul. Pershotravneva, 20, 39600, Ukraine, mb.kafedra@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-9637-3079

Sergii Shlyk
Ph.D., Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Vul. Pershotravneva, 20, 39600, Ukraine,
mb.kafedra@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-9422-1637

Thin-walled large-dimensional articles are widely used in the up-to-date national economy. Their manufacturing by
conventional equipment is quite complicated. The simpler method of such articles production is forming by electro-
hydraulic (EH) presses having spatial-temporary control of loading. For this purpose, engineers have to know the
possibilities of control of liquid energy flows which make deformation work. Studying such possibilities is conducted
using numerical modeling of the creation of high-energy containing immersed jets of liquid and their interaction with
deformed blank.
Variants of mentioned jets controlled by rotation and concentration energy flow at a given zone using simultaneous
or consequent series of double or triple EH-discharges occurred in correspondent discharge cavities and shifted in time.
Distinctions of impulse deformation of thin-walled blanks assume that energy flow is concentrated over definite zones
of blank surface and vertical load application, and also changing the direction of energy flows in the horizontal direction.
The last option is necessary for the creation of stepped-side parts of articles.
Variants of technological application of energy flow control methods required for forming of some blank zones at
consequent forming are shown.

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 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

In frames of the necessity of energy flows control one has to note that these technological means ensure significant
articles quality increases despite of definite complexion of manufacturing consequence. The following questions are relat-
ed to her: uniformity of thinning distribution over article surface; absence of drastic reduction of deformation warping
degree, reduction of article surface work hardening, and general simplification of labor intensity.
The paper results can be useful for developers of manufacturing processes and equipment, experts engaged in manu-
facturing process modeling, and post-graduate students.
Key words: electrohydraulic discharge, discharge cavity, blank, impact waves, hydro flow, gas-steam cavity, rate, plastic
deformation intensity, deformation work.

INTRODUCTION. Thin-walled large- a discharge generates impact waves which spread

dimensional articles are widely used in up-to-date
engineering due to their distinguished properties. Such
articles are used in vehicles, apparatus of the chemical
industry, and other devices. But their manufacturing
by conventional methods is quite complicated: low
ratio of article thickness to its overall dimensions
provokes buckling of general and local shape at
plastic deformation, significant deformation work
hardening of the up-to-date structural material can
lead to relatively high warping (springing) of formed
articles, i.e. to poor geometrical precision of details.
But advances in engineering requirements for thin-
walled large-dimensional (TWLD) articles include
high geometrical parameters of shape or uniformity
of deformation distribution over directions and article
zones. Requirements of the production economy
can demand minimization of labor intensity or
manufacturability, short terms, and low expenses on
technological preparatory processes.
All above-mentioned requirements can be
satisfied by the method of electro-hydraulic forming
(EHF) by presses with spatial-temporary controlling
of loading [1]. In this paper, one can find practical
results of loading control applications for different
articles. But physical (practical) perfection of variants
of loading consequence controlling over deformable
article zones and energy-releasing duration in
neighboring discharge cavities (DC) requires a huge
amount of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to
model numerical processes of energy releasing and
consequent deformation of a blank in multi-electrode
discharge blocks.
Papers [2; 3] describe approaches to model-
ing complexes of processes that occur in the tech-
nological zone with three DC. Well-known papers
[4–7] deal with results of EHF modeling results by
LS-DYNA in discharge chambers of low volume and
for low-dimension articles forming. A high adequacy
degree of a mathematical model of particle deforma-
tion with impact waves generated by EH-discharge
is shown.
In considered technological block EH-discharges
occur with definite shifting in time in several open
edges DC. In such conditions expanding channel of
mainly in frames of DC that push out liquid to the
open edge of the cavity. Expanding stem-gas bubble
(SGB) accelerates created a liquid flow to the article
side leading to article deforming.
The mathematical model of such a process differs
significantly from those described earlier since it
takes into account the action of several impulses
in different chambers and allows us to explore the
possibilities of controlling the loading in space and
time that are acceptable for practice. Controlling
the flow of mechanical energy makes it possible to
increase the efficiency of the EHF [1].
MATERIALS AND RESEARCH RESULTS. The
system including three discharge cavities immersed
in a liquid is considered (Fig. 1). Deformable blank
is disposed of below chambers on a drawing die with
a diameter of 252 mm. The blank diameter is 320
mm and it is clamped to the die, therefore, blank
material drawing inside the female-die volume from
flanges is excluded.
The zone of energy released in each discharge
cavity is disposed asymmetrically concerning the
cavity axis and at definite spacing in front of the
die bottom. It corresponds to the real structural
Fig. 1. Triple-cavity analysis scheme for numerical
modeling:
D – chamber diameter; d – discharge cavity
diameter; S – spacing between
discharge cavities axes; h – discharge distance;
Dblank – blank diameter

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 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

arrangement. The geometrical dimensions of the The first stage includes numerical studies devoted
model are the following: to approving the adequacy of the model used in real
– diameter of the discharge cavity is 40 mm, and experimental conditions. The results of the studies
the depth of energy releasing zone from the edge of a were compared with experimental ones conducted
cavity is 30 mm; under similar conditions. Paper [3] contains a
– spacing between discharge cavities is 60 mm; conclusion about the adequacy of the used models
– spacing from the edge of the discharge based on the comparison and interpretation of the
chamber up to blank was selected from the row of results of two experiment types.
4-the values: 40, 32, 20 and 12 mm. It corresponds The following task was formulated before the
to relative spacings d/h equal to 1.0; 0.75; 0.5 and second stage of studies conduction, i.e. to determine
0.25. The last value is the closest to experimental more portion of work of plastic deformation as a
conditions. function of blank deformation duration and temporary
The following variants of numerical experimental shifting of auxiliary (supporting) EH-discharges
schemes were considered. concerning main (central) discharge (Fig. 2).
1. Blank deformation at single discharge inside Dependence has a low slope maximum at Dt = 350
central discharge cavity on selected distances. ms and it evidences that shifting of two discharges in
2. Impulse loading appearing at discharge inside time is an important parameter for getting maximum
of two cavities (central and side), shifted in time. work of plastic deformation. All further numerical
3. Interaction between triple discharges, two examples will be conducted at the same value of
the spacing
simultaneous are in side chambers and one inside the from discharge
temporary shifting ofpoint to blank
discharges. One hhaswas selected from
to note
central chamber shifted in time. quite the smooth (low slope) character of considered
Analysis of energy releasingshownprocessabove.
at high- dependence. This fact is very important for the
voltage underwater discharge was considered The first stagepractical
at a includes application
numerical of studies
this dependence
devoted tobecause
approving the a
condition of a definite quantity of (9.375 kJ) during the well-known control method of EH-discharges
of the conduction.
32 μs inside the channel of continuous model used in real experimental
beginning conditions.
[1] has a statistical Thepractically
origin and results of the stud
Here losses on impact waves appearing, electrode the duration of discharges starting can lay inside
compared
material evaporation, and other heat with
losses were not experimental ones equal
of an error range conducted
to ± 100 under similar
μs (for conditions. P
analyzed
considered. In this analysis, the function of heat- conditions).
releasing power is considered to becontains
triangularawith
conclusion
a about the
Temporary adequacyof of
dependence the used
average models based
(by area)
height equal to 400 MW and a basement equal toand
comparison 32 interpretation
pressure applied
of theto results
a blank of(Fig.
two3)experiment
was obtainedtypes.
μs. These values correspond to analogous parameters to represent the main mechanism of loading in a
are shown in [1]. The following task was
considered formulated
technological before
medium. Twothe
zonessecond
can stage of
The blank diameter is 320 mm and the thickness is be selected on this complicated shape curve: the first
conduction,
1.0 mm. Blank material is elastic-ductile aluminumi.e. to one
determine
during 400 more portion
μs with severalof work
pikes of second
and the plastic deformat
alloy with degree deformation strengthening inside of range 600…300 μs having a hump-shaped
described by the formula: function of blank zone deformation duration
with a low slope maximum andat temporary
1500…2000 μs. shifting of
Here amplitude value of main
this maximum
(central)over exceeds (Fig. 2).
sТ = Aen, (supporting) EH-discharges
(1) concerning discharge
the maximum of the first pike.
where A=604.9 MPa and n=0.275. The original value
of the yielding point is 100 MPa, density 2100 kg/m3,
elasticity modulus 70000 MPa, and Poisson’s ratio 0.33.
These mechanical properties approximately correspond
to such widely used alloys type as АМg6 or D16АТ.
Numerical modeling was conducted in LS-DYNA
software with the ALE method.
The following parameters of the analytical
scheme were selected for numerical analysis:
– high-voltage discharges occur inside the
central discharge cavity (DC) and simultaneously in
the central and two-side DC with the same level of
energy released;
– the spacing from discharge point to blank h Fig. 2. Dependence of blank plastic deformation on
Fig. 2. Dependence the
was selected from the row shown above.
of duration
blank plastic deformation on the duration of shifting
of shifting of two discharges moments
discharges moments
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65
Dependence has a low slope maximum at t = 350 s and it eviden
shifting of two discharges in time is an important parameter for getting m
2000 μs. Here amplitude value of this maximum over exceeds the
um of the first pike.
ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

that the discharge channel is disposed symmetrically

for the DC axis and is considered at the stage of SGB
expansion only.
Frames 0 and 20 μs show the original stages of
discharge channel expansion. Its volume is increased
inside of DC volume (frame 150 μs) and pushes out
liquid from DC due to this. After SGB releases (dark
color) out of DC it possesses a cylindrical shape
with a round edge (frame 220 μs). Here blank has
definite sagging. One can assume that the original
blank sagging happened due to the influence of
impact waves which are now recorded in Fig. 4. At
Fig. 3. Dependence of average pressure
Dependence of average pressure (by area) applied to a blank (by area) theasmoment
a function
of 300 μs SGB expansion beginning
applied to a blank as a function of time at loading in the horizontal direction is read. Frame 660 μs
with two
of time at loading discharges
with shifted in time
two discharges on 350
shifted in ms
time on 350 s shows the mushroom-like shape of the
exactly
SGB head part, which is practically fully located
Interpretation of this dependence can be following. inside of the sagged blank cavity. The final frame
The first pike corresponds to the impact wave applied
nterpretationto aofblankthisat the
dependence can be following. of
first (central) discharge. The third
The 1180first
μs demonstrates
pike SGB’s final expansion in
the horizontal direction. Presence of horizontal and
onds to the pike corresponds
impact to the impact
wave applied to a wave
blankthat
atcame from (central)
the first verticaldischarge.
(in the negative direction) components of the
side DC after 350 μs concerning the first discharge. SGB boundaries rate evidence about a high portion
d pike corresponds
The exacttointerpretation
the impact of wave the that came
second pikefrom
staysside of
DC afterwhich
energy 350 μsis wasted from the point of view of
unknown. Relatively low amplitude values of this blank sagging increasing and reduction of pressure
ing the firstpike
discharge. The exact
can be explained interpretation
by pressure of the
averaging over the second
appliedpike stays
to blank.
blank area which is significantly more than an outer
n. Relatively low amplitude values of this pike can be A
section of DC.
similar mechanism
explained by of loading is described
in [3] where experimental data are shown.
e averaging over The thesecond
blankzoneareaofwhich
dependence has to be more The
is significantly thantemporary
an outer dependence of blank reference
explained by the influence of immersed liquid jet points rate is shown in Fig. 5. Distinctive feature is
of DC. moved by SGB expansion. Therefore, the main part the non-monotonic changing of the moving rate of
of the pressure impulse is applied to a blank due blank reference points. In the first 50…100 μs central
he second to zoneSGBofexpansion
dependence in a has to be technological
considered explained by the part influence
of the blankof moves with high acceleration and
medium.
ed liquid jet moved by SGB expansion. Therefore, the main part of them/s. Here the point is disposed of
the rate reaches 40
This conclusion shows differences between far from the center move with very low rates. Such
mechanisms of blank loading in discharge chambers behavior of blank is typical for its loading with impact
of low volume [7] and discharge volumes of multi- wave [8]. From the moment of ~ 300 μs movement
electrode discharge blocks. of the central point becomes slower, but points
The consequent development of SGB at discharge located far from the center begin to accelerate. This
in a single DC and its interaction with a deformable explanation corresponds to the earlier considered
blank is shown in Fig. 4. Modeling conditions assume loading picture, i.e. at the moment 300 μs expansion

Fig. 4. Development of single-discharge SGB at interaction with a blank at a distance of

32 mm (0.75 d)

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 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

Fig. 5. Dependence of blank reference points A–F rate changing at a distance of 32 mm

Fig. 5. Dependence
of SGB intensifies of blank
in the horizontal reference
direction. Then pointsFig. A-F6rate changing
a shows the atdelaying
a distance of ofside SGB
beginning from this moment, the volume of the development (at the left) to the central one (frame
formed blank cavity increases by expanding in the
32 mm 700 μs). At this moment their shape is practically
Fig. 5. Dependence of blank reference points
horizontal direction. A-FAtrate
cylindrical. framechanging at a distance
1100 μs distortion of
of the central
It is quite logical to assume that to reduce the SGB cylindrical shape starts in the direction opposite
portion of SGB’s To wasted
simplify numerical
energy to create32 mm
one has modeling the following
to the condition
side SGB. Frame was
2000 μs assumed:
shows the significant
an obstacle for its upside expansion. Practically it is distortion of both SGBs in the same direction. It can
process
convenient analysis
to fulfill starts simultaneously
by organizing one of two sidein allbethree DC, but
explained by intheside DCs only
following: 0.01in%central
pressure
discharges disposed
of saved near the
energy central discharge.
is released during Thisfirst 350
the SGBμs is already
but in reduced
central for
DCleft
 SGB
100 and moving rates
%. After
discharge(s)To simplify
plays the role of numerical modeling
controlling ones. As the thecentral
of following condition
SGB boundaries changewasin theassumed:
horizontal
350 μs
preliminary the rest
analysis of 99.9
showed % discharges
these of energy have
is released in side
direction DCs.
that, in it turn, involves boundaries of the
process
to be shifted inanalysis startsonesimultaneously
time to centra on 350 ms. in all
leftthree
SGB DC, to the but
rightinside.
sideTheDCs only 0.01
cross-section %
of the
To simplify Thenumerical
consequence
modelingof modeled
the follow- process is shown
deformable in Fig.
blank 6 formore
becomes double- and
non-symmetrical.
of saved energy is released during
ing condition was assumed: process analysis starts
the first 350 μs but in central DC  100
It can be seen more exactly on the frame 3000 μs.
%. After
triple-discharge variants.
simultaneously in all three DC, but in side DCs only I. e. changing of rate vector of two flows occurs in the
350 μs the rest of 99.9 % of energy is released
0.01 % of saved energy is released during the first
in side DCs.
horizontal direction and as a consequence – changing
350 μs but Thein central DC – 100 %.of
consequence After 350 μs theprocess
modeled of energy low transferred
is shown in Fig.by SGB.
6 forIn triple DC variant
double- and
rest of 99.9 % of energy is released in side DCs. processes developed are similar but compression of
triple-discharge
The consequence of variants.
modeled process is shown in central SGB occurs from two sides (frame 2700 μs
Fig. 6 for double- and triple-discharge variants. in Fig. 6 b). It can be seen in this frame that the

Fig. 6. Consequence of SGB development and its interaction with a deformable

blank in double-discharge (a) and triple-discharge (b) variants. Modeling
conditions: duration of side discharges delay is 300 μs, discharges spacing is
40 mm (1.0d), interaxle spacing is 60 mm (1.5d)
Fig. 6. Consequence of SGB development and its interaction with a deformable blank in double-
Fig. 6. Consequence of SGB development and its interaction with a deformable
discharge (a) and triple-discharge (b) variants. Modeling conditions: duration of side discharges
delay is
blank in300 μs, discharges spacing
double-discharge (a)isand
40 mm (1.0d), interaxle spacing
triple-discharge is 60 mmModeling
(b) variants. (1.5d)

conditions: Вісник
duration
КрНУof side
імені discharges
Михайла delay is Випуск
Остроградського. 300 μs, discharges
6 / 2022 (137) spacing is
67
40 mm (1.0d), interaxle spacing is 60 mm (1.5d)
 flow. It can be suggested that at discharging in two more auxiliary DC (dis
upper and lower of those shown in Fig. 7 DC), expansion of controlling SGB
be less, and declining of central flow will be more intensive.
ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

cross-section of central SGB is reduced significantly

in comparison with its original section. I.e. energy
concentration at the epicenter of central SGB occurs.
Modeling of processes has shown that the
conjunction of two SGBs doesn’t happen (Fig. 7).
Controlling liquid flow (left) shows a sort of
enveloping of central flow. It can be suggested that
at discharging in two more auxiliary DC (disposed
upper and lower of those shown in Fig. 7 DC),
expansion of controlling SGBs will be Fig.less,
7. SGB Fig.from
and top vies 7. SGB
the top vies side
article fromafter
the article sidefinishing.
analysis after Crosses s
declining of central flow will be more intensive. analysis finishing. Crosses show epicenters
Numerical experiments have shown that the epicenters of auxiliary
of auxiliary DC DC
efficiency of energy flows controlled by concentration
and changing the direction of energy vector depend – position of controlling DC for central one;
on the following several factors: – the length of accelerating zones and diameters
– on the spacing between DC disposal and of DC for both main and controlling DCs.
distance from the blank surface; Blank deforming at group loading has a
– quantity of energy released in controlling DC complicated character. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show
and duration of discharge delay concerning discharge temporary dependences of blank reference point
in the main cavity; translation rates.

Fig. 8. Dependence of blank reference points translations rate in time at triple

discharge with 300 μs delay

Fig. 9.Fig. 9. Dependence of blank reference points translations rate in time

Dependence of blank reference points translations rate in time
at triple discharge with 300 μs delay
at triple discharge with 300 μs delay
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68
The distribution of blank vertical translations becomes from the center of
loading and spreads to peripheral zones and then in the reverse direction.
 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

The distribution of blank vertical translations punchings, zones of joining of separate zones (side
becomes from the center of loading and spreads to parts with bottom, corner zones, etc) overlapped on
peripheral zones and then in the reverse direction. general geometry. The main difficulty of general
Analysis of temporary dependences of strain shape forming is a requirement of buckling absence
intensity (Fig. 10) shows that deformation rates of at the intermediate stages of forming. The majority
definite points at the same process can vary from of required energy (force, pressure) is spent on local
1400 s-1 to 1.4 s-1. Realized values of strain rates elements forming. Such hard-formable zones require
depend first of all on the rate of energy released at an application to them more concentrated energy
EH-discharge and on the quantity of energy released flows compared with forming of general shape.
in less degree. Therefore, it is necessary to control energy flows
Finally, the above-mentioned analysis allows us over the entire article surface.
to make the following conclusions. Let’s consider as an example several options for
1. Possibility of control of vector of liquid such structural solutions.
immersed jets (generated by EH-discharge) energy Many TWLD articles have stepped-like side
flow and the possibility of this energy concentration parts of different shapes (Fig. 11). After the stage of
over definite zones of the deformed blank are shown preliminary deformation blank 2 starts to support on
by the method of numerical modeling. die drawing ribs, die side steps, and bottom.
2. Possibility of control by a moment of Friction forces that appeared at these zones
discharge and position of energy releasing are shown prevent blank material transferring for article
in [1]. Methods of control of discharge energy, by forming. The zone between supports is deformed
Fig. 9. Dependence
its durationof and
blankby reference
regimes andpoints translations
duration of the first rateusing
in time
stretching of restricted blank volume. It leads
pulsation of SGB are analyzed in [10; 11], therefore, to an elevated level of required loading and higher
at triple discharge with 300 μs delay
these results were not considered in the current paper. thinning of this zone.
3. Statistical error of pre-discharge stage To simplify forming of this zone it is suggested
duration determination (which defines the beginning to install technological insert 4 to the part of the
The distribution of blank vertical
of EH-discharge) translations To
stays undetermined. becomes
estimatefromblank
the center
supportedof on the die bottom. The zone of a
this parameter auxiliary natural experiments are blank supported on the rib has to be protected by the
and spreadsnecessary.
to peripheral zones and then in the reverse direction. angular edge of the insert. Two EH-discharges are
4. Determination of optimal parameters of
Analysis of temporary dependences of strain intensity (Fig. 10) energy conducted
showsover thatthe inset in such a way that the left
flows control at considered technological problem SGB has to be main and the right one – controlling.
ation rates of definiteto points
definition get the at the same
different goal process can vary
of optimization is from 1400 s-1
Consequent to
immersed liquid jets influence on sagged
out of the current analysis. blank zone only and to a minimal degree to the
. Realized values of strain
The shape of therates depend
majority first of
of TWLD all on
articles can the supported
rate of energy
zone. Such an approach creates conditions
be considered as general shape (bottoms, boxes, for drawing unloaded material to the zone of
d at EH-discharge and on the quantity of energy released in less degree
semi-tors) with local elements like ribs (stiffeners), required deformation. After upper zone deformation

Fig. 10. Temporary dependence

Fig. 10. of plastic of
Temporary dependence deformation
plastic intensity
Fig. 11.(for theof blank stepped side part forming:
Scheme
deformation intensity (for the correspondent 1 – stepped side blank part profile; 2 – blank
ondent referencereference
point ofpoint
blank at doubled
of blank power
at doubled developed. intermediate
power The durationshape; 3 – SGB with directed liquid
developed. The duration of energy release is 16 μs. jets; 4 – technological insert
gy release is 16 μs. Points increment is  27 mm
Points increment is ~ 27 mm

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 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА
technological insert is removed and loading is
repeated to form the lower zone of conjunction. Such
operations allow to simplify article forming and
reduce thinning deformation at the corner zone.
The next hard-deformable zone of an article is
the triple-face corner transferring to the sides and
bottom surfaces of the box-shaped article (Fig. 12).
In forming box-shaped articles flange zones of
a blank close to straight sides are drawn more
intensively than curve zones. As a result, blank zones
out from zone 2 contact tightly with the die surface,
and their movement to the corner zone is blocked by
friction forces. It is suggested to intensify material
transferring to zone 2 using blank material loading
with liquid jet and minimize blank clamping to die
surface out zone 2.
Fig. 12. Blank position inside female-die before
the second stage of deformation:
1 – flange edge at the beginning of deformation;
2 – zone of blank poor contact with die before the
second stage of deformation; 3 – zone and direction
of metal flow necessary for corner shape creation;
4 – the possible boundary of technological cutouts
Such influence has to be done by changing the
direction of hi-energy containing immersed jet of liquid
along the article bottom in the necessary direction.
Besides the above-mentioned examples changing
the direction of the flow vector of energy transferred
by immersed jet stipulates increasing efficiency of
effective forming of other hard-formable zones.
In forming the general shape of TWLD articles
it is necessary to control energy flows in a liquid
medium to intensify (optimize) forming process
of such articles to reach such different goals as
excluding buckling of the article’s general shape,
increasing geometrical precision, getting required
distribution of deformations or residual stress and
other ones.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Possibility of deformable blank loading
controlling at forming is shown using a developed
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70
numerical model of processes of immersed high-
energy jets and their interaction with deformable
blank. Parameters for controlling include energy
concentration and changing the direction of the
energy flow vector at given zones. The generation
of energy flows is conducted by electro-hydraulic
discharges in multi-contour discharge blocks.
2. Examples of the necessity of loading control
in the manufacturing process of thin-walled articles
forming are shown. Controlling energy flows in such
processes is necessary for process intensification
(optimization) and increasing the quality of produced
articles.
3. Modeling of forming process with
simultaneous energy releasing or with temporary
discharges shifting in time in two or three discharge
cavities is conducted for the first time. Parameters
of forming processes and technological equipment
defining the efficiency of controlling are established.
4. Results obtained allow claiming that such kind
of numerical simulation has to be continued to get
more precise and reliable results.
REFERENCES
1. Taranenko, M.E. (2011). Jelektrogidravliche-
skaja shtampovka: teorija, oborudovanie tehprocessy
[Electrohydraulic stamping: theory, equipment, technical
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vanie processa posledovatel’nogo deformirovanija listovoj
zagotovki pri jelektrogidravlicheskom nagruzhenii [Study of
the process of sequential deformation of a sheet blank under
electrohydraulic loading]. Vіsnik NTU «HPІ». Ser. Innova-
cionnye tehnologii i oborudovanie dlja obrabotki materialov
v mashinostroenii i metallurgii [Bulletin of NTU “KhPI”.
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noj razdachi cilindricheskoj obolochki v uslovijah dejstvija
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draulic effect]. Vіsnik dvigunobuduvannja [Herald of engine
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4. Mamutov, V.S., Zdor, G.N. (2017). Mechanics of Load-
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Forming. International Review of Mechanical Engineering
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5. Mamutov, A.V., Golovashchenko, S.F., Bes-
sonov, N.M., Mamutov, V.S. (2021). Electrohydraulic
Forming of Low Volume and Prototype Parts: Process
Design and Practical Examples. J. Manuf. Mater. Process.
2021, 5(47), DOI: 10.3390/jmmp5020047 [in English].
 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

6. Kim, K.J., Sung, C.W., Baik, Y.N., Lee, Y.H., Bae,
D.S., Kim, K.H., Won, S. (2008). Hydroforming simulation
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ical study on electrohydraulic forming process to reduce the
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УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕНЕРГОПОТОКАМИ В РІДИНАХ У РАЗІ

ЕЛЕКТРОГІДРАВЛІЧНОГО ФОРМУВАННЯ

Михайло Тараненко
доктор технічних наук, професор кафедри автомобілів та транспортної інфраструктури
Національний аерокосмічний університет ім. М.Є. Жуковського «Харківський авіаційний інститут»,
вул. Чкалова, 17, м. Харків, Україна, 61070, m.taranenko@khai.edu
ORCID: 0000-0002-3819-6948

Олександр Нарижний
кандидат технічних наук, доцент кафедри теоретичної механіки, машинознавства та роботомеха-
нічних систем
Національний аерокосмічний університет ім. М.Є. Жуковського «Харківський авіаційний інститут»,
вул. Чкалова, 17, м. Харків, Україна, 61070, o.naryzhniy@khai.edu
ORCID: 0000-0002-5379-1964

Анастасія Симонова
кандидат технічних наук, доцент, докторант кафедри машинобудування,
Кременчуцький національний університет імені Михайла Остроградського, вул. Першотравнева, 20,
м. Кременчук, Україна, 39600, NSymonova@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0003-1411-6656

Дмитро Молоштан
кандидат технічних наук, докторант кафедри машинобудування
Кременчуцький національний університет імені Михайла Остроградського, вул. Першотравнева, 20,
м. Кременчук, Україна, 39600, moloshtandima@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-8881-8541

Володимир Драгобецький
доктор технічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри машинобудування
Кременчуцький національний університет імені Михайла Остроградського, вул. Першотравнева, 20,
м. Кременчук, Україна, 39600, mb.kafedra@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-9637-3079

Сергій Шлик
кандидат технічних наук, доцент кафедри машинобудування
Кременчуцький національний університет імені Михайла Остроградського, вул. Першотравнева, 20,
м. Кременчук, Україна, 39600, mb.kafedra@gmail.com
ORCID: 0000-0001-9422-1637

Вісник КрНУ імені Михайла Остроградського. Випуск 6 / 2022 (137)

71
 ПРИКЛАДНА МЕХАНІКА

Тонкостінні великогабаритні вироби широко використовуються у сучасному народному господарстві. Їх виго-

товлення на звичайному обладнанні досить складне. Більш простим способом виготовлення таких виробів є фор-
мування на електрогідравлічних (ЕГ) пресах з просторово-тимчасовим керуванням і завантаженням. Для цього
інженери повинні знати можливості керування потоками енергії рідини, які змушують деформацію працювати.
Вивчення таких можливостей ведеться за допомогою чисельного моделювання створення високоенергетичних
занурених струменів рідини та їх взаємодії з деформованою заготовкою.
Варіанти зазначених струменів керовані обертанням і концентрацією потоку енергії в такій зоні з викорис-
танням одночасних або послідовних серій подвійних або потрійних ЕГ-розрядів, що відбувалися у відповідних
розрядних порожнинах і зміщувалися в часі.
Особливості імпульсної деформації тонкостінних заготовок припускають, що потік енергії концентрується над
певними зонами поверхні заготовки і прикладення вертикального навантаження, а також змінюється напрямок
потоків енергії в горизонтальному напрямку. Останній варіант необхідний для створення ступінчастих бічних
частин виробів.
Наведено варіанти технологічного застосування методів керування потоком енергії, необхідних для формуван-
ня окремих порожніх зон у разі наступного формування.
У рамках необхідності управління енергетичними потоками слід зазначити, що ці технологічні засоби забез-
печують значне підвищення якості виробів, незважаючи на певну складність наслідків виготовлення. До неї нале-
жать такі питання, як: рівномірність розподілу розведення по поверхні виробу; відсутність різкого зниження сту-
пеня деформаційної викривленості, зниження наклепу поверхні виробу та загальне спрощення трудомісткості.
Результати роботи можуть бути корисними розробникам технологічних процесів і обладнання, фахівцям, які
займаються моделюванням виробничих процесів, аспірантам.
Ключові слова: електрогідравлічний розряд, розрядна порожнина, заготовка, ударні хвилі, гідротечія, газопарова
порожнина, швидкість, інтенсивність пластичної деформації, деформаційна робота.

ЛІТЕРАТУРА
1. Тараненко М.Е. Электрогидравлическая штам-
повка: теория, оборудование, техпроцессы : монография.
Харьков : Национальний аерокосмический университет
ім. М.Е. Жуковского «Харківський авіаційний інститут»,
2011. 272 с
2. Нарыжный А.Г., Тараненко М.Е. Исследование
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вой заготовки при электрогидравлическом нагружении.
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металургії». 2019, № 26(1351), с. 21–27. ІSSN 2519-2671
3. Нарыжный А.Г Моделирование свободной раз-
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вання. 2019, № 2, с. 40–48. ISSN 1727-0219
4. Mamutov V.S., Zdor G.N. Mechanics of Loading
and Deforming of Thin-Sheet Blank at Electro-Hydraulic
Forming. International Review of Mechanical Engineering
(I.RE.M.E.), 2017, Vol. 11 (5), p. 332–336. DOI: https://doi.
org/10.15866/ireme.v11i5.11585
5. Mamutov A.V., Golovashchenko S.F., Bessonov
N.M., Mamutov V.S. Electrohydraulic Forming of Low
Volume and Prototype Parts: Process Design and Prac-
tical Examples. J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2021, 5(47),
DOI: 10.3390/jmmp5020047
6. Kim K.J., Sung C.W., Baik Y.N., Lee Y.H., Bae D.S.,
Kim K.H., Won S. Hydroforming simulation of high-strength
steel cross-members in an automotive rear subframe. Int J
Precis Eng Manuf. 2008, 9(3). р. 55–58.
7. Woo M.A., Noh H.G., An W.J. et al. Numerical study
on electrohydraulic forming process to reduce the bouncing
effect in electromagnetic forming. Int J Adv Manuf Tech-
nol. 2017, 89, р. 1813–1825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00170-016-9230-z
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forming. Diploma thesis. Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska
Hogscolan. 2008. 88 p.
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Niua S.Q. Study on Breakdown Delay Characteristics Based
on High-voltage Pulse Discharge in Water with Hydrostatic
Pressure. Journal of Power Technologies. 2017, 97(2),
р. 89–102.

Стаття надійшла 07.10.2022

Вісник КрНУ імені Михайла Остроградського. Випуск 6 / 2022 (137)

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