3

ℝ
ℝ3
•
 ℝ3

ℝ3
ℝ3
𝒗 = 𝑷𝑸 = 𝑸 − 𝑷
𝒗 = (𝒙 , 𝒚, 𝒛)

𝒗 𝑄
𝒗
𝜶
𝑃 𝒚 𝑷𝟏 (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛)

𝒗 𝒗 = 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 ,
𝒗 𝒗
𝒗 𝒗 𝒙
𝜶 𝒗 𝒛
 𝒗 = (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛)
𝒗 𝒗 = 𝑨𝑩
𝒗 𝐴 3; 5; 1 𝐵 5; −3; 0
y

𝑣Ԧ = 𝐴𝐵
𝒗 𝑣Ԧ =𝐵−𝐴
𝑣Ԧ = 5; −3; 0 − 3; 5; 1
x 𝑣Ԧ = 5 − 3 ; −3 − 5 ; 0 − 1
𝑣Ԧ = 2; −8; −1
z 𝒗 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐
𝒗 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐
𝒗 𝒗 𝑣Ԧ = 2 2 + −8 2 + −1 2

𝑣Ԧ = 68
𝑣Ԧ ≅ 8,3
 𝑣Ԧ1 = (𝑥1 ; 𝑦1 ; 𝑧1 ) 𝑣Ԧ2 = 𝑣Ԧ1 = −1; 2; −3 𝑣Ԧ2 =
𝑥2 ; 𝑦2 ; 𝑧2 2; −1; 3
𝑣Ԧ1 + 𝑣Ԧ2 = 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑧1 ; 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧1 3𝑣Ԧ1 − 2𝑣Ԧ2

3𝑣Ԧ1 − 𝑣Ԧ2 = 3 −1; 2; −3 − 2 2; −1; 3

𝑣Ԧ = (𝑥; 𝑦; 𝑧) 𝑟 ∈ ℝ
= (−3; 6; −9) − 4; −2; 6
𝑟𝑣Ԧ = 𝑟𝑥; 𝑟𝑦; 𝑟𝑧
= (−3 − 4 ; 6 − −2 ; −9 − 6)
𝑣Ԧ1 = (5; −3; 4) 𝑣Ԧ2 = = −7; 8; −15
(2; 8; −1)
𝑣Ԧ1 + 𝑣Ԧ2

𝑣Ԧ1 + 𝑣Ԧ2 = (5; −3; 4) + (2; 8; −1)

= 5 + 2 ; −3 + 8 ; 4 + −1
= (7; 5; 3)
՜
𝑎 = 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3
՜ ՜ ՜
𝑏 = 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 𝑎 = 3; −1; 2 , 𝑏 = 2; 3; 5

՜ ՜
𝑎𝑦𝑏 𝑎Ԧ ∙ 𝑏 = 3 2 + −1 3 + 2 5 = 13
՜ ՜
𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ∙ 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 𝑎Ԧ = 3 2 + −1 2 + 2 2 = 14
՜ ՜
𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = 𝑎1 ∙ 𝑏1 + 𝑎2 ∙ 𝑏2 + 𝑎3 ∙ 𝑏3 𝑏 = 2 2 + 3 2 + 5 2 = 38

՜ ՜ 1
𝑎.𝑏 13
𝜃 cos 𝜃 = ՜ = 14 38
՜ ՜ ՜
𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑏 𝒂 2
13
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
՜ ՜ 14 38
𝑎∙𝑏
cos 𝜃 = 𝜽 𝜃 ≅ 55,7°
՜ ՜
𝑎 𝑏 𝒃