PHRASE EXERCISES

Exercise 1 Underline each prepositional phrase you identify/Garis bawahi frasa preposisi yang anda
identifikasi!

Contoh: The biosphere is the total of all biological communities on Earth.

1. The biosphere extends for many miles; it begins at seven miles above sea level and continues for
an equal distance into the ocean’s depths.
2. Scientists divide the biosphere into ecosystems and study how organisms interact with each
other.
3. Ecosystems are affected by environmental factors.
4. Climate, the range of weather conditions over a period of time, affects ecosystems.
5. These conditions consist of rainfall, sunlight, temperature, wind, and humidity.
6. Climate itself is affected by latitude, a location’s distance north or south of the equator.
7. Places near the Equator receive more of the sun’s light than those near the poles.
8. Landforms in an ecosystem also affect the characteristics of its climate.
9. Large bodies of water moderate the temperatures of land along their shores.
10. Elevation, the distance of a place above sea level or below sea level, also has an effect on
climate.
11. On land, higher elevations are colder than the areas beneath them.
12. In the deepest areas of the sea, many areas feel greater pressure from the waters above them.
13. This affects the kinds of organisms that can thrive under such conditions.
14. The soil within an area also affects ecosystems.
15. Soil contains various amounts of organic material, minerals, and rocks.
16. 16. Soils also have air and water in varying amounts.

Exercise 2

Underline each participle phrase you identify/Garis bawahi participle phrase yang anda identifikasi.

Contoh : Packing carefully, we prepared for our camping trip.

1. Yelling with all our might, we sat in the cheering section.

2. Did anyone ever tell you that you have a winning smile?
3. Feeling like a fool, I appeared from behind the curtain in a checkered costume.
4. Blushing, Estrella accepted the praise of her cycling buddies.
5. What should we do with this picked fruit?
6. The leaning buildings were knocked down by the wrecking ball.
7. Breathing hard, the runners crossed the finish line.
8. The dog, caught between the two fierce cats, fled the yard.
9. Badly injured, the accident victims were helicoptered to the trauma center.
10. Holding our breaths, we watched the hero being stalked by the villain.
11. The crumpled shipment of dishes contained many cracked items.
12. Tires screaming, the racing car rounded the track.
13. The photographer shooting the wedding focused several pictures on the smiling parents.
14. The speaker at the museum was a respected environmentalist.

Exercise 3

Underline each gerund phrase/garisbawahi gerund atau frasa gerund

Contoh: Traveling under cover of night helped slaves escape to the North.

1. I love walking in the moonlight and looking for nocturnal animals.

2. Rushing for the bus caused me to fall and scrape my knee.
3. Our class is committed to recycling, as well as to reducing the amount of package waste.
4. My sister’s whining is her least appealing trait.
5. Shoving people aside, the thief leapt over the counter and fled the scene.
6. Chad’s best track events are broad jumping and sprinting.
7. We all hate cleaning our rooms, but no one seems to be giving us any choice.
8. Do we get any credit for guessing?
9. Eating the dog’s food is our cat’s favorite activity.
10. Almost totaling the car last week really frightened my brother.
11. Returning to the campsite, the campers saw bear tracks.
12. I love waking up to the singing of the birds and the rising of the sun.
13. Bringing in the hay and storing it in the barn was exhausting work.
14. Hovering over the mouse, the hawk plunged to Earth.
15. Painting the garage every summer is Gary’s way to relieve stress.
16. We debated driving, but because of the distance decided on flying.

Exercise 4

Underline each appositive phrase.

1. My aunt Helene bought a farm outside Toledo.

2. The comics, Seth and Josh, kept us in stitches for hours.
3. She moved to Albany, the capital of New York.
4. During first and second periods I have science and math, my best courses.
5. Kimane, the soccer captain, got an award.
6. I watched a documentary about Hank Aaron, the baseball great who broke Babe Ruth’s home
run record.
7. Walden is my favorite book by the naturalist Henry David Thoreau.
8. My fingers, cold sticks of ice, were frostbitten from being out in the cold too long.
9. I write for our student newspaper Hall Pass.
10. Was that your famous relative, the mountain climber?
11. My oldest brother, Tim, is on leave from the air force.
12. My cat Huckleberry lived for almost twenty years.
13. Let’s see the theater’s new production, Arsenic and Old Lace.
14. Rami, my best friend, is moving out of town

Exercise 5

Underline each infinitive phrase

1. It is large enough to carry as many as eight astronauts and over fifty thousand pounds of cargo.
2. The shuttle was designed to allow humans and equipment access to space on a regular basis.
3. Within the first ten years of its flight history, the shuttle managed to fly over forty missions.
4. The shuttle has many uses; it is often used to deploy satellites.
5. In a few cases the shuttle has been used to capture wandering spacecraft.
6. In a recovery mission in December of 1993, the shuttle Endeavour and its crew were sent to
repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
7. Instruments aboard the shuttle are able to collect data on a variety of phenomena.
Mission to Planet Earth is a program geared to observe the effects that humans have on this
planet.
8. A laboratory program called ATLAS has been created to study Earth’s upper atmosphere and to
collect data on the sun’s environment and energy output.
9. The UARS satellite, carried by shuttle to Earth’s orbit, was set up to examine the levels of life-
sustaining gases above Earth.