145A
recommendations to ~dmtain stability of highwall slopes,
pit floors, spoil piles and waste embsxakments are out-
lined. To illustrate typical problems and how to deal
with them, five case histories of stability on mining
projects are discussed.
Embankments and embankment dams
1443
SK~hM~q,NA G O L D ~ ASSOC .VANCOUVER, CDN
Mica Dam embankment stress analysls.8F, ZT,15R.
J .GEOTECH.ENGNG DIV .ASCE,VlOI, GTs,MAR. 1975,P229- 242 •
Mica Dam, the world's highest embankment dam, was cons-
tructed of exeellent fill materials, that were heavily
compacted. There is evidence that very low total stres-
ses exist in the core, at some places not greater than
twenty five percent of the overburden pressures. The low
core stresses are believed to be a result of arching of
the more compressible till core to the very stiff granu-
lar shells. Stresses were computed from a two-dimensional
plane strain finite element analysis of a longitudinal
section of the dam, using material parameters derived
from settlement observations in the dam. Low construc-
tion pore pressure cells tend to confirm the low total
stresses. Water inflow tests were carried out in move-
ment gages in the core, and the results suggest that the
total stresses are low enough for hydraulic fracturing
to have been initiated in the lower regions of the dam
core when the water level in the gages was raised to
Just about midheight. Auth.
1444
DASCAL, 0 HYI~O. QUEBEC, MONTREAL, CDN
TOURNIER, JP HYDRO-QUEBEC, MONTREAL, CDN
E~bsnkments on soft and sensitive clay foundation.
19F, IT, 14R.
J .GEOTECH. ENGNG DIV .ASCE,V101, GT3, MAR .1975, P297-314 •
A test embankment built on a soft sensitive clay foun-
dation has failed at a computed safety factor higher
than one confirming the allegation that the field vane
test overestimates the shear strength in this type of
clay. The increased shear strength values measured by
the vane, as compared to the shear strength mobilized
at failure, are explained by the effect of the rate of
loading and by the anisotropy of the clay. Correcting
the measured vane shear strength for these two factors,
as recommended by BJerrum results in a computed safety
factor at failure still higher than one, due to the
progressive failure phenomenon, which tends to develop
in sensitive clays. Pore pressure and deformation
measurements carried out during construction have con-
firmed the development of this progressive failure.
The writers recommend the use of semi-ealoirical correc-
tion factors as functions of the plasticity index,
anisotropy, and progressive failure. Auth.
1445
CHARLES, JA BUILDING RES. STN,WATFORD, GB
Strains developed in two rockfill dams during
construction o8F, l$R.
GEOTECHN,VZ5,N2, JUNE, 1975, P321-B32.
The movements of discrete points within the rockfill
shoulders of the 70m high Scammonden Dam and the 90m
high Llyn Brianne Dam were measured during construction.
The calculated strain data are presented as trs~ectories
of major principal strain and contours of ms, or, minor
and the ratio of minor to major principal strain. Incre-
mental and cumnlative strains are presented for different
stages of construction.
1546
MATSUO, M
KURODA, K
Probabilistic approach to d e s i ~ of embsnkments.19F,6T,13R. areas of long members. Field tests demonstrated that the
SOILS FOUND oV14,N2, JUNE,1974, Pl-17.
Safety factors of embankments are analyzed in relation to
the variabilities and the uncertainties of soll proper-
ties. It is colluded that the unconfined compression
strength of a saturated homogeaeous clay layer sad the
strength parameters of an unsaturated homogeneous silty
soil layer follow the theoretical normal distributions.
Physical properties such as moisture content and moist
density of those soil layers and bulk dansity of an
embankment Just after construction are also shown to be
taken as the normal random variables. A new design factor
is defined and the relation between the design factor and
the probability of sliding failure of an embsnkment is
formulated under consideration of the randomness of the
soil properties. Numerical and practical examples show
that the embankment with an ordinary value of the design
factor has an unexpected high value of the probability
of sliding failure as 15 to 20 per cent.
Dams other than e m b a n k m e n t dams
See also abstract: 1351.
1447
BURKI, NK TAYLOR ASSOC. STRAFFORD, PA. USA
RICHARDS, R UNIV. DELAWARE, NEWARK, USA
Photoelastic analysis of a cofferdsm.Z2F,iT,16R.
J.GEOTECH. ENGNG DIV .ASCE,VlOI, GTZ, FEB. 1975, P129-145 •
A cofferdam model was fabricated slmalating the soil
mass with gelatin and the steel sheet piles with uret-
hane rubber. This model was tested in a state of plane
strain, and, from the photoelastic data, elastic stresses
within the fill material were found due to both gravity
loading and water pressure.
1448
S~4BENELLI, P ELC ELECTROCONS .MILAN, I
FAGIOLO,M ELC ELECTROCONS.MILAN, I
Aguada Blanca rockfill dam with metal facing. Closure
of discussion of original paper. J.Geotech.Engng Div.
V100, GT1,1974.
J.GEOTECH.ENGNG DIV.ASCE,VIO1,GT5,MAY 1975,P496-498.
Foundations
See also abstract: 1487.
1449
KOVACS,WD PURDUE UNIV W.LAFAYE~E, IND.USA
LEONARDS,GA PURDUE UNIV W.LAFAYE~E, IND.USA
Settlement of building on pile foundation in sand.
Discussion of paper by R.M.KOerner and A.Partos,
J. Geotech. Engng Div .VlO0, GT3,1974,1F, 2R.
J. GEOTECH. ENGNG DIV .ASCE, V101, GT2, FEB.1975, P209- 211.
1450
MURFF, JD EXXON PROD. RES. CO. HOUSTON, USA
Response of axially loaded piles .Technical note .2F,BR.
J .GEOTECH.~GNG DIV.ASCE.VIO1, GT3, MAR .1975, P356- 360.
A closed form solution of the special case of the prob-
lem of determining axial loading response where the
soil resistance is considered to be uniform linear elas-
tic-plastic, is presented.
1451
STEINBACH, J S A R G ~ , LUNDY, CHICAGO, Ill. USA
VEY~E ILLINOIS INST °TECHNOL. CHICAGO, USA
Caisson evaluation by stress wave propagation method.15F,
18R.
J.GEOTECH. ENGNG DIV.ASCE, V101, GT4, APR .1975, P361-368.
The theoretical aspects of wave propagation were verified
in the laboratory by experiments on bars of aluminum and
concrete which showed that it is possible to detect dis-
continuities and abrupt changes in the cross-sectional
method could be used for in-situ installations of
caissons and piles, resulting in very little interference
 146A
with normal construction operations. Basic data and re-
cords are presented for laboratory experiments on
aluminum and concrete bars, and field tests on cast-in-
place caissons and piles. Auth.
1452
HEIBURG,S NoRWEG.PETROL.DIRECT.STAVANG~q,N
Numerical design-ans/~sls for piles in sand. Dis-
cussion of paper by C.S.Desai, J.Geotech. Engng
Div. VIOO,GT6,1974. IF,2R.
J.GEOTECH.ENGNG DIV.ASCE,VI01,GT6,JUNE 1975,P590-591.
1453
FANG,HY LEHIGH U N I V . B E ~ P A . U S A
DISMUKE, TD B E ~ STEEL CORP.PA.USA
H-bearing piles in limestone and clay shales. Dis-
cussion of paper by W.D.Ashton and P.H.Schwartz.
J.Geotech.~gng Div. V.100,GT7,1974.
J.GEOTECH.~GNG DIV.ASCE,VI01,GT6,JUNE 1975,P594-596.
1454
CLEMENCE~SP UNIV.MISSOURI-ROLLA,USA
BRUMUND,WF GEORGIA INST.TECHNOL.ATLANTA,USA
Large-scale model test of drilled pier in sand.6F,4T,32R.
J.GEOTECH.ENGNG DIV.ASCE.VlO1,GT6,JUNE,1975,P537-550.
A technique is presented for assessing the magnitude of
skin friction for pier foundations in sand. The technique
employs the results of interface direct shear tests bet-
ween sand and the construction material; the results are
presented in hyperbolic equaticm form.
1455
FRANKE, E BUNDES. WASS~qBAU, HAMBURG, D
GARBRECHT, D BUNDES .WASS~qBAU, HAMBURG, D
Behaviour of bored piles in sand.Discusslon of paper
by F.T.Tauma and L.C.Reese J.Geotech.Engng Div.V10O,
GT7,1974.ZT.
J.GEOTECH.E~GNG DIV.ASCE.VlO1,GT5,MAY,1975,P498-499.
1456
TISHIN,VG
Forecasting deformation of bearing ground beneath
buildings on gravel beds. In Russian.
STRo ITEL .TRUBOPROV .N1,JAN. 1975, P23 •
1457
KULCHITSKII,GB
Driven piles resistant to frost heave.In Russian.
TEANSP.STROITEL.NI,JAN.1975,P22.
15~8
THORBURN2S THORBURNAND PARTNERS,GLASGOW, GB
Building structures supported by stabilized ground.
7F,1T,8R.
GEOTECHN,V25,Nl,1975,P83-94.
Field experience in the use of depth vibrators to
strengthen superficial and artificial deposits to limit
long-term differential movements of building foundations
is described. Seml-empirical design rules for the use of
vibro-compactlon, vibro-replacement and stone coltumas
are given.
1459
OTTAVI~NI,M UNIV.OF RoME, I
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of vertically
loaded pile groups.21F,15B.
GEOTECHN,V25,N2,1975,P159-174.
The behaviour of vertically loaded single piles and pile
groups in a homogeneous linearly elastic medium is anal-
ysed using the F~4. Three-dlmensional and axisymlnetric
elements are used to determine curves of settlement agai-
nst ratio of pile to soil modull for single piles and 3X3
and 5X3 groups. Stress distributions in piles and soil
are also given for pile groups with and without a cap.
1463
AWOJOBI,AO UNIV OF LAGOS,NIG
The settlement of a foundation on Gibson soil of the
second kind. 1F, 4R.
GEOTECHN, V25, N2,1975, P221- 228 •
In a Gibson soll of the second kindj the variation in
the shear modulus with depth takes the form G(Z) =
Goh/(h-z), increasing from Go at the surface and
smoothly merging into a rigid bed at depth h. The set-
tlement of both circular and rectangular foundations on
such a stratum is shown to differ only slightly from
that with a linear variation whose rate is Go/h. This
confirms the importance of surface elastic properties
in design.
1461
KREBS oVESEN, N
Centrifugal testing applied to bearing capacity
problems of footings on sand.Technical note.8F, iT,13R.
GEOTECHN,V25, N2, JUNE, 1975, P394- 401.
1462
KANIRAJ, SR IND. INST. SC I.BANGALORE 3 IND
RANGANATHAMI BY
Settlement of buried loaded areas in normally con-
solldated clay deposits. 7F,4R.
SOILS FoUND.,V14,N2,JUNE 1974,P95-103.
Two types of stress-distrlbutlon (Boussinesq and Mindlin)
are used to evaluate the significance of curves for the
computation of consolidation settlement of square,rect-
angular and strlp-loaded areas in normally consolidated
clay deposits of semi_Inflnlte extent.
1463
ANONYMOUS
Boring in slate for bridge foundations.2F.
GROUND ENGNG,VS,N4,JULY,1975,P51.
Slopes
1564
CHEPRASOV, AF
Landslides and countermeasures.Textbook. In Russian.13R.
vOLGOGRAD,NIZHE-VOLZHSKOE KNIZHNOE IZDATELSTOVO,1972,88P.
1565
TVERSKOI,BN
sHADUNTS, KS
GINZBURG, LK
Preventing landslides on mounts/n slopes. In Russian.
TRANSP. sTRO ITEL. N1, JAN. 1975, IX)_i0.
Earth retaining structures
i~66
BRANSBY jPL CAMBR ]~DGE UN IV, GB
MILL IGAN, GW
Soil deformations near csntilever sheet pile walls.
21F, 24R.
GEOTECHN, V25, N2,1975, P175 -195 •
The X-ray technique was used to measure strains and
displacements on both the active and passive sides of
laboratory-scale cantilever flexible sheet pile ws/-Is
in dry sand. The effect of wall roughness on soll
deformation was small, though distinct differences were
observed for tests on loose and dense sand. Good pre-
dictions of soil behavlour were obtained from a method
based on the deflected slope of the wall and an assumed
velocity field in which the direction of the principal
strain increment is vertical.