PROBLEM 11.

98

A ski jumper starts with a horizontal take-off velocity of 25

m/s and lands on a straight landing hill inclined at 30o.
Determine (a) the time between take-off and landing, (b) the
length d of the jump, (c) the maximum vertical distance
between the jumper and the landing hill.

SOLUTION

(a) At the landing point, y   x tan 30

Horizontal motion: x  x0   v x 0 t  v0t

Vertical motion: y  y0  v y 0 t  12 gt 2   12 gt 2
2y 2 x tan 30 2v0t tan 30
from which t2    
g g g

2v0 tan 30  2  25  tan 30

Rejecting the t  0 solution gives t   t  2.94 s 
g 9.81

(b) Landing distance: d 

x

v0t

 25 2.94  d  84.9 m 
cos 30 cos 30 cos 30

(c) Vertical distance: h  x tan 30  y

1 2
or h  v0t tan 30  gt
2

Differentiating and setting equal to zero,

dh vo tan 30
 v0 tan 30  gt  0 or t 
dt g

 v0  v0 tan 30 tan 30  1 g  v0 tan 30 

2
Then, hmax   
g 2  g 

v 2 tan 2 30  25  tan 30 

2 2
 0  hmax  10.62 m 
2g  2 9.81
 Problem 11.135
Human centrifuges are often used to simulate different
acceleration levels for pilots and astronauts. Space shuttle
pilots typically face inwards towards the center of the gondola
in order to experience a simulated 3g forward acceleration.
Knowing that the astronaut sits 5 m from the axis of rotation
and experiences 3 g’s inward, determine her velocity.

SOLUTION

Given: an  3g ,   5 m

v2
an 


Rearrange v   an

v   3g

Substitute in known values v  5*3*9.81 m/s

vA  12.13 m/s 
 PROBLEM 11.163

During a parasailing ride, the boat is traveling at

a constant 30 km/hr with a 200 m long tow line.
At the instant shown, the angle between the line
and the water is 30º and is increasing at a
constant rate of 2º/s. Determine the velocity and
acceleration of the parasailer at this instant.

SOLUTION

Given: v B  30i km/hr  8.333i m/s

aB  0 ê
r  200 m, r  0, 
r 0 eˆr
r
  30 P
  2 / s  0.0349 rad/s 
=0 B

Relative Motion relations: vP  vB  vP/ B

aP  aB  aP / B
Using Radial and Transverse components:
v P / B  rer  re

a P / B     
r  r2 er  r  2r e
Substitute in known values: v P / B  6.981e m/s
a P / B  0.2437er m/s2
Change to rectangular coordinates:
v P / B  6.981*sin 30i  6.981*cos 30 j m/s
=3.491i  6.046 j m/s
a P / B  0.2437 *   cos 30  i  0.2437 *sin 30 j m/s 2
 0.2111i  0.1219 j m/s 2
Substitute into Relative Motion relations:
v P  8.33i  3.491i  6.046 j m/s
=11.824i  6.046 j m/s
a P  0  0.2111i  0.1219 j m/s 2
 0.2111i  0.1219 j m/s 2
Velocity: vP  13.280 m/s 27.08 
Acceleration: aP  0.2437 m/s 2
30.00 

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 PROBLEM 12.11

The coefficients of friction between the load and the flat-bed

trailer shown are s  0.40 and k  0.30. Knowing that the
speed of the rig is 72 km/h, determine the shortest distance in
which the rig can be brought to a stop if the load is not to shift.

SOLUTION

Load: We assume that sliding of load relative to trailer is impending:

F  Fm
 s N

Deceleration of load is same as deceleration of trailer, which is the maximum allowable deceleration amax .

Fy  0: N  W  0 N W

Fm  s N  0.40 W

Fx  ma : Fm  mamax
W
0.40 W  amax amax  3.924 m/s 2
g

a max  3.92 m/s 2

Uniformly accelerated motion.

v 2  v02  2ax with v  0 v0  72 km/h  20 m/s

a  amax  3.924 m/s 2

0  (20)2  2(3.924) x x  51.0 m 

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 PROBLEM 12.30

An athlete pulls handle A to the left with a constant

force of P = 100 N. Knowing that after the handle
A has been pulled 30 cm its velocity is 3 m/s,
determine the mass of the weight stack B.

SOLUTION

Given: P  100 N
x A  0.30 m
v A  3 m/s

Kinematics: x A  4 y B  constant

v A  4v B  0

a A  4aB  0 (1)
Uniform Acceleration of handle A:


v A 2   v A o +2 a A x A   x A o
2

32  0 2  2 a A  0.3  0 
a A  15 m/s 2

From (1): aB  3.75 m/s 2  Free Body Diagram:

From FBD: F y  mB aB
4 P  mB g  mB aB

4P
mB 
g  aB
4 100 
 kg
9.81  3.75

mB  29.50 kg 

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 PROBLEM 12.46

An airline pilot climbs to a new flight level along the path shown.
Knowing that the speed of the airplane decreases at a constant rate from
180 m/s at point A to 160 m/s at point C, determine the magnitude of the
abrupt change in the force exerted on a 90-kg passenger as the airplane
passes point B.

SOLUTION
8
Angle change over arc AB.     0.13963 rad
180
Length of arc: s AB     6000  0.13963  837.76 m

sBC  800 m, s AC  837.76  800  1637.76 m

1602 1802
 at 1637.76 
160 1637.76
180
v dv  0 at ds or 
2 2
at  2.076 m/s 2

vB2 1802
  2.076  837.76 
vB 837.76
180 v dv  0 at ds or
2

2
vB2  28922 m 2 /s 2 vB  170.06 m/s

Weight of passenger: mg   90  9.81  882.9 N

Just before point B. v  170.06 m/s,   6000 m

an 
v2

170.06 2  4.820 m/s 2
 6000

+ Fn  N1  W  m  an 1 : N1  882.9   90  4.820   449.1 N

Free Body Diagram of Pilot:
+ F  F  ma :
t t t  Ft 1   90  2.076   186.8 N

Just after point B. v  170.06 m/s,   , an  0

+ Fy  0 : N 2  W  0 N 2  W  882.9 N

+ F  ma : F  ma   90  2.076   186.8 N
x t t t

Ft does not change.

N increases by 433.8 N.
magnitude of change of force  434 N 

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 PROBLEM 12.87

As a first approximation to the analysis of a space flight from the

earth to Mars, assume the orbits of the earth and Mars are
circular and coplanar. The mean distances from the sun to the
earth and to Mars are 149.6  106 km and 227.8  106 km,
respectively. To place the spacecraft into an elliptical transfer
orbit at point A, its speed is increased over a short interval of
time to v A which is 2.94 km/s faster than the earth’s orbital
speed. When the spacecraft reaches point B on the elliptical
transfer orbit, its speed vB is increased to the orbital speed of
Mars. Knowing that the mass of the sun is 332.8  103 times the
mass of the earth, determine the increase in speed required at B.

SOLUTION

 
2
For earth,  GM earth  gR 2   9.81 6.37  106  398.06  1012 m3/s 2

 
For sun,  GM sun  332.8  103  GM earth  132.474  1018 m3 /s 2

For circular orbit of earth, rE  149.6  106 km  149.6  109 m/s

 GM sun 132.474  1018

vE    29.758  103 m/s
rE 149.6  109

For transfer orbit AB, rA  rE , rB  rM  227.8  109 m

v A  vE   v  A  29.758  103  2.94  103  32.698  103 m/s

mrAv A  mrB vB

vB 
rAv A


149.6  109 32.698  103 
 21.473  103 m/s
9
rB 227.8  10

For circular orbit of Mars,

 GM sun 132.474  1018

vM   9
 24.115  103 m/s
rM 227.8  10

Speed increase at B.

 v B  vM  vB  24.115  103  21.473  103  2.643  103 m/s

 v B  2.64 km/s 

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 PROBLEM 13.8
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o
incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The
brakes are then applied, causing the automobile to come to a
stop at point C, 20 m from B. Knowing that slipping is
impending during the braking period and neglecting air
resistance and rolling resistance, determine (a) the speed of the
automobile at point B, (b) the coefficient of static friction
between the tires and the road.

SOLUTION
Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81)
W  19, 620 N
Initial Velocity A, v A  0 m/s

Incline Angle,   6
Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C
vC  0
Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB

Coefficient of static friction, 

(a) U A  B  WhA  B  (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6

 307.63  103 N  m
1 2
U A  B  TB  TA  mv  0
2
1
307.63  103 N  m  (2000 kg) vB2  0
2
vB  17.54 m/s 
(b) U A C  WhA C  Fd B C  TC  TA  0
d B C  20 m F  N
Where   coefficient of static friction
U AC  (19620 N)(sin 6) (170 m)  F (20 m)
F   (19620 N) cos 6
(19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m)   (19620 N) (cos 6) (20 m)  0
170
 tan 6 0.893   0.893 
20

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 PROBLEM 13.62

An elastic cable is to be designed for bungee jumping from a

tower 130 ft high. The specifications call for the cable to be 85
ft long when unstretched, and to stretch to a total length of 100
ft when a 600-lb weight is attached to it and dropped from the
tower. Determine (a) the required spring constant k of the
cable, (b) how close to the ground a 186-lb man will come if
he uses this cable to jump from the tower.

SOLUTION

(a) Conservation of energy:

V1  0 T1  0 V1  100 W

Datum at : V1  (100 ft)(600 lb)

 6  10 4 ft  lb

V2  0 T2  0

1
V2  Vg  Ve  0  k (15 ft) 2
2
T1  V1  T2  V2
0  6  104  0  (112.5)k

 k  533 lb/ft 
(b) From (a), k  533 lb/ft

T1  0
W  186 lb
V1  (186)(130  d )
T2  0

1
Datum: V2  Vg  Ve  0  (533)(130  85  d )2
2
V2  (266.67)(45  d ) 2

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 PROBLEM 13.62 (Continued)

d  distance from the ground T1  V1  T2  V2

0  (186)(130  d )  0  (266.67)(45  d )2
266.7d 2  23815d  515827  0

23815  (23815)2  4(266.7)(515827) 36.99 ft

d 
(2)(266.7) 52.3 ft
Discard 52.3 ft (since the cord acts in compression when rebound occurs).
d  37.0 ft 

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 PROBLEM 13.72

A 1-lb collar is attached to a spring and slides without friction

along a circular rod in a vertical plane. The spring has an
undeformed length of 5 in. and a constant k  10 lb/ft.
Knowing that the collar is released from being held at A
determine the speed of the collar and the normal force between
the collar and the rod as the collar passes through B.

SOLUTION

W 1
For the collar, m   0.031056 lb  s 2 /ft
g 32.2

For the spring, k  10 lb/ft l0  5 in.

At A:  A  7  5  5  17 in.
    0  12 in.  1 ft

At B:  B  (7  5) 2  52  13 in.
2
 B   0  1.8 in.  ft
3
Velocity of the collar at B.
Use the principle of conservation of energy.
TA  VA  TB  VB

1 2
Where TA  mvA  0
2
1
VA  k ( A   0 )2  W (0)
2
1
 (10)(1) 2  0  5 ft  lb
2
1 2 1
TB  mvB  (0.031056)vB2  0.015528vB2
2 2
1
VB  k ( B   0 )2  Wh
2
2
1 2  5
 (10)    (1)   
2 3  12 
 1.80556 ft  lb
0  5  0.015528vB2  1.80556
vB2  205.72 ft 2 /s 2 vB  14.34 ft/s 

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 PROBLEM 13.72 (Continued)

Forces at B.
2
Fs  k ( B   0 )  (10)    6.6667 lb.
3
5
sin 
13
5
  5 in.  ft
12
mvB2
man 

(0.031056)(205.72)

5/12
 15.3332 lb
Fy  ma y : Fs sin   W  N  man

N  man  W  Fs sin 
5
 15.3332  1  (6.6667)  
 13 
N  13.769 lb N  13.77 lb 

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 PROBLEM 13.121

A sailboat weighing 980 lb with its occupants is running down

wind at 8 mi/h when its spinnaker is raised to increase its
speed. Determine the net force provided by the spinnaker over
the 10-s interval that it takes for the boat to reach a speed of
12 mi/h.

SOLUTION

v1  8 mi/h  11.73 ft/s t1 2  10 sec

v2  12 mi/h  17.60 ft/s

m  v1  imp1 2  mv2
m(11.73 ft/s)  Fn (10 s)  m(17.60 ft/s)

(980 lb)(17.60 ft/s  11.73 ft/s)

Fn  Fn  17.86 lb 
(32.2 ft/s 2 )(10 s)

Note: Fn is the net force provided by the sails. The force on the sails is actually greater and includes the force
needed to overcome the water resistance on the hull.

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 PROBLEM 13.164

Two identical billiard balls can move freely on a horizontal

table. Ball A has a velocity v0 as shown and hits ball B, which is
at rest, at a Point C defined by   45°. Knowing that the
coefficient of restitution between the two balls is e  0.8 and
assuming no friction, determine the velocity of each ball after
impact.

SOLUTION

Ball A: t-dir mv0 sin   mvAt  vAt  v0 sin 

Ball B: t-dir
0  mB vBt  vBt  0
Balls A + B: n-dir
mv0 cos  0  m vAn  m vBn (1)
Coefficient of restitution
  vAn  e (v An  vBn )
vBn

vBn  vAn  e (v0 cos  0) (2)

Solve (1) and (2)
1  e  1  e 
vAn  v0  cos  ; vBn  v0   cos
 2   2 
With numbers
e  0.8;   45
vAt  v0 sin 45 0.707 v0
 1  0.8 
vAn  v0  cos 45   0.0707 v0
 2 
vBt  0
 1  0.8 
vBn  v0   cos 45  0.6364 v0
 2 

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 PROBLEM 13.164 (Continued)

(A)

1
v" A  [(0.707 v0 ) 2  (0.0707v0 ) 2 ] 2  0.711v0

  0.711v0 

 0.0707 
  tan 1    5.7106
 0.707 
So   45  5.7106  39.3

(B)

vA  0.711v0 39.3° 

vB  0.636 v0 45° 

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