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Guía NALC
Vol 4
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VOCABULARIO INGLES
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 NALC VOL 4
LESSONS 1 and 2

BEAT: Strike repeatedly / Golpear, MEANING: Requiring an interpretation /

apalear. Significado.
BELIEVE: To accept as true / Creer. PLAYER: One who plays / Jugador.
COACH: To train / Entrenar. POINT: Tip / Punto(a).
DOUBT: Not to believe / Dudar. PRACTICE: To repeatedly perform /
IMAGINE : To think of something / Practica.
Imaginar. RACE: Engage in a contest of speed /
JOIN: To combine two or more things / Carrera.
Unir REPORTER: A person that makes
KICK: Strike with the foot / Patear authorized statements / Reportero
LOSE: Miss something / Perder ROPE: A large, stout cord made of
MATCH: Bring into agreement / strands of fiber or wire twisted together /
Combinar Lazo.
RACE: Engage in a contest of speed / SCORE: Make, record or write a
Correr. punctuation / Marcador.
SCORE: Make, record or write a SHOELACES: String used to tie the
punctuation / Marcar, anotar. shoe / Agujeta.
SUPPOSE: Assume / Suponer, Asumir STADIUM: Structure used for athletic
TIE UP: Join in any way / Empatar, unir. games / Estadio.
WIN: Aquire by effort / Ganar. STRING: A small cord for binding or
CERTAIN: Sure / Cierto tying things / Hilo.
CERTAINLY: Surely / Ciertamente TEAM: A number of persons associated
FARTHEST: Most remote / El mas together / Equipo.
lejano. TIE: To fasten or attach, confine parts /
FURTHEST: Most remote / El mas Amarrar.
lejano.
MOST: The majority; superlative / La
mayor parte
POSITIVE: Certain / Seguro.
QUITE: Very / Muy.
SO: In such a manner / De esta manera,
tan, asi
SURELY: Certainly / Seguramente
TOWARD(S): In the direction of / Hacia
UNCERTAIN: Doubtful / Incierto.
FOR SURE: Certainly / Seguramente.
COACH: Tutor who assists students /
Instructor, Entrenador
DOUBT: State of being uncertain / Duda
FIELD: A visible area / Campo, area.
GOAL : The point that limits a race /
Meta.
KNOT : An interlacement, as wirh
cordage / Nudo.
MATCH: An encounter / Partido.
:
 DO YOU IMAGINE THEY’LL WIN THE GAME?
I GUESS SO.

We use so after some verbs as a substitute for a that-noun clause. The most
common verbs followed by so are think, believe, guess, hope, imagine,
and suppose.

Will Jack come to the party?

I think so. (I think that Jack will come.)

Has Bill finished his work?

I hope so. (I hope that Bill has finished his work.)

The negative depends on the verb:

I think so. ----------> I don’t think so.

I believe so. -------> I don’t believe so.
I imagine so. ------> I don’t imagine so.
I suppose so. ------> I don’t suppose so.

I guess so. --------> I guess not.

I hope so. ---------> I hope not.

I’M SURE YOU’LL UNDERSTAND THIS EXERCISE.

We use that-clause after the adjective certain, sure, and positive to

express an opinion about someone or something.

I'm certain that I can go this weekend.

He's sure that he'll pass the test.
We're positive that we'll have enough money for the car.

The conjunction "that" is many times omitted in conversation.

:
 -ER AND –EST FORMS OF ADVERBS

The –er and –est forms are used with one syllable adverbs.

early* earlier (than) the earliest

far farther (than) the farthest

further (than) the furthest

hard harder (than) the hardest

high higher (than) the highest

late later (than) the latest

low lower (than) the lowest

near nearer (than) the nearest

slow slower (than) the slowest

soon sooner (than) the soonest

straight straighter (than) the straightest

*early is an exception to the rule.

:
 LESSONS 3 and 4
ALLOW: To permit, to let / Permitir.
APPRECIATE: To value / Apreciar,
estimar.
BE MADE UP OF: To construct of / Hecho
de...
DO OVER: Do something again / Hacerlo de
nuevo.
OWE: To be indebted, to the amount of /
Adeudar.
PAY BACK / PAID OVER: To repay, to
retaliate upon / Reembolsar, pagar.
PUT OUT: To extinguish / Extigir, apagar
THROW AWAY: To waste / Malgastar,
tirar.
THROW OUT: To reject / Rechazar.
WAKE UP: To be aware / Despertar.
AWAY: Not near, far / Lejos.
FOND (OF): Having a liking for / Ser
aficionado.
INTO: Toward and within / Hacia dentro.
MAN-MADE: No natural / Artificial.
NATURAL: No artificial / Natural.
PAST: Pasado
ASHTRAY: A container for smoker's
tobacco ashes / Cenicero
BRACELET: An ornamental band or chain
worn about the wrist or arm / Brazalete.
CHAIN: A flexible series of joined links /
Cadena.
COPPER: A kind of metal / Cobre.
COTTON: The, white hairs around the seeds
of certain mallow plants / Algodón.
DIAMOND: A nearly pure, brillant,
crystaline carbon, the hardest mineral known /
Diamante
EARRINGS: A ring or other small ornament
for the lobe of the ear / Aretes.
GLASS: A hard, brittle substance, usually
transparent / Cristal.
GOLD: A kind of metal / Oro.
IRON: A kind of metal / Hierro.
:
JEWELERY: Ornaments such as rings,
bracelets, etc / Joyeria.
LEATHER: Animal skin prepared for use by
removing the hair and tanning / Cuero.
LEAVE: Permission to be absent from duty /
Días de licencia.
MATERIAL: Physical object of matter /
Material.
METAL: Any of a class of chimical elements
/ Metal.
NECKLACE: An ornamental string of
beads, chain of gold, worn around the neck /
Collar.
NYLON: An elastic, very strong, synthetic
material made into fiber, yarn, etc. / Nilon.
PLASTIC: Any of various nonmetallic
compounds, which can be molded and
hardened for commercial use / Plastico.
POLYESTER: A polymeric resin used in
making plastics, fibers, etc. / Poliester.
RING: An ornamental circular band worn on
a finger / Anillo.
ROCK / STONE: Mineral matter formed in
masses in the earth’s crust / Roca, piedra.
RUBBER: An elastic substance made from
the milky sap of various tropical plants, or
synthetically / Caucho, goma.
SILK: The fine, soft fiber produce by silk
worms / Seda.
SILVER: A white, precious, metallic
chemical element that is very ductile and
malleable / Plata.
WOOL: The soft, curly hair of sheep / Lana.
 COULD AS PERMISSION

C ould is frequently used to request permission it is like may and can.

Could I borrow your book, please?
May I ask you a question?
Can I leave early today?

Can or can't are usually used as resp onses to a request for permission with
could.

Could I borrow your book, please?

Yes, of course you can.

Could I leave early today?

COULD AS PERMISSION
I'm sorry. You can't. We have a meeting at 1500.

C ould may can.

Could
May
is frequentlyREVIEW
used to request permission it is like
OF MODALS. and
Can I borrow your book, please?
I ask you a question?
Can or
May, can'tand could
I leave
might, earlyare used to
today? express possibility.
could.
areWhere’s
usually Joe?
used as resp onses to a request for permission with
Could He may be in his office.
He mightcan.
be eating lunch.
He could
I borrow yourbebook,
at home.
please?
Could
Yes, of course you
Can and is / are / am can't.
able to are used to express ability in the present or
future. Could Iand
leave
wasearly able to are used for the past.
today?
/ were
I'm sorry. You We have a meeting at 1500.
She can speak three languages.
They are able to speak French and Spanish.
REVIEW OF MODALS.
I couldn’t swim when I was young.
My grandfather was able to speak Russian.
May, might, could

andWhere’sare
Joe?
used to express possibility.
may
might
He couldbe in his office.
He be eating lunch.
Can is / areHe
/ am able to home.
be at
Could was / were able to
and are used to express ability in the present or
future. can
and are used for the past.
:
 May, can, and could are used to request permission.

May I come in?

Can I swim here?
Could I use your phone?

NOUN ADJUNCTS.

May, can, could

Adjectives usually modify or describe nouns.
and May are used to request permission.
a nice day.Can
CouldI come in?
a cold winter.
I swim here?
Nouns can also modify Ino uns.
use They
your are called nouns adjuncts.
phone?
They are always singular.

A store that sells shoes is a shoe store.

My brother drives trucks. He's a truck driver.
NOUN ADJUNCTS.
When a noun modifies another noun, the first noun is stressed.

a can opener.
a wedding ring.
some paint brushes.

nice
Adjectives usually modify or describe nouns.
cold
a day.
a winter.

Nouns can also modify nouns. They are called nouns adjuncts.
They are always singular. shoe store.
truck driver.
A store that sells shoes is a
My brother drives trucks. He's a

When a can
noun modifies another noun, the first noun is stressed.
wedding
a paint
opener.
a ring.
some brushes.
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