Lecture No: 3

Diagrammatic & Graphic

Representation of Data

Statistics
Course Instructor:
Shagufta Saleem Shaikh
Batch: BBA 2K23
 MEANING OF DIAGRAMMATIC
PRESENTATION
Diagrammatic presentation is the visual form of presentation of
data in which facts are highlighted in the language of diagrams.
 It consists in presenting statistical material in interesting and
attractive geometrical figures (Bars, Circle, Rectangle, Squares),
pictures, maps and charts etc.

 It will attract the attention of a large number of persons.

 It facilitates comparison between two or more sets of data.

 TYPES OF DIAGRAMS
One Dimensional
Two dimensional or Surface Diagram
Three dimensional or Volume diagram
Pictogram
Cartogram or Map Diagram
GENERAL RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING DIAGRAMS
Title, Paper size, proper scale, Index, Sources, Footnotes, Attractiveness, Neatness and
simplicity.
 1. ONE DIMENSIONAL
DIAGRAM
 One dimensional diagram are such diagrams where
only one dimensional measurement i.e. height is used.
 These diagram may be in the form of lines or bars.
 There is no importance of width or thickness in these
diagrams.
 The heights of these lines or bars are taken on the
basis of values.
 EXAMPLES

One Dimensional

Line Diagram Bar Diagram

Simple Bar Multiple Bar Sub-divided Bar Percentage Bar

 LINE DIAGRAM
 In these diagrams, only line is drawn to represent one
variable. These lines may be vertical or horizontal.
 Line diagram is used in case where there are many
items and there is least difference between different value.
 The construction of this diagram is very simple. It makes
comparison easy.
 It has no width and hence of very poor visual effect, so it is
less attractive.
Line Diagram
 BAR DIAGRAM
 Bar diagram is the easiest and most commonly used method.
 It consists of bars of equal width (all horizontal or vertical)
standing on a common base line at equal intervals.
 They make comparisons between different variables.
Examples: Simple Bar, Multiple Bar, Sub-divided bar,
Percentage Bar, etc.
 SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM

 Simple bar diagram is

used for comparative
study of two or more
items or value of a single
variable.
 Distance between
these bars should be
equal.
 MULTIPLEE BAR
DIAGRAMS
 The diagram is used for
make comparison
between more than two
variables.

 This diagram is also

known as compounded
bar diagram.
 SUB-DIVIDED BAR
DIAGRAM
This diagram is also
known as component
bar diagram and used
in presenting the total
of data and their main
parts, divisions or
components.
SUB-DIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM
 PERCENTAGE BAR
DIAGRAM
Like sub-divided bar
diagram, in this case also
data of one particular
period or variable is put
on single bar, but in
terms of percentages.
PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAM
 2. TWO DIMENSIONAL
DIAGRAM
Two dimensional diagrams are those where the
length as well as width of bar both and the area
are considered in the construction of diagrams.

These diagrams are also called as “Area” or

“Surface” diagram.
 EXAMPLES

Two Dimensional

Rectangle Diagram Square Diagram Pie Diagram

 RECTANGLE DIAGRAMS

Rectangular diagram is one where both length

and width are considered while constructing it.

These two sides represent two different

characteristics of data.
 SQUARE DIAGRAM

Their areas should be proportional to the

magnitudes of the data.

For square diagrams, the square root of the

given figures which will give the measurement of
the sides of the square.
 PIE DIAGRAM

If the total of the circle is to be shown in different

parts or components, sector diagram is used for it. As
there are 360 degree a the centre. Values of different
components are converted into angular value staking the
whole data equal to 360 degree.

This diagram is also known as sub divided circular

diagram.
PIE DIAGRAM
 3. THREE DIMENSIONAL
DIAGRAM
Three dimensional diagrams are those in which three
dimension, length, width and height are taken into
account.

They are also known as Cubic Diagram.

It may be drawn in the form of cylinders, blocks,

spheres, etc.
THREE DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAM
 4. PICTOGRAM DIAGRAM

Pictogram is a technique of presenting data through

appropriate pictures.
Also called Picture Graph or Pictograph.

Pictogram prove very attractive and effective.

They create a lasting impression on the mind.
PICTOGRAM DIAGRAM
 5. CARTOGRAM OR MAP
DIAGRAM
Cartograms are used to represent data on
geographical basis. For example, possible date of
rainfall.
These diagrams are very attractive and effective
if message is to be communicated to common
people.
 ADVANTAGES OF
DIAGRAMMATIC PRESENTATION
Attractive and Impressive
Simple and Easy to understand. Even a layman can
understand it very easily and in a short time.
Helpful in Making Comparisons
They save much time and energy
Diagrams leave good visual impact
Diagrams give a very clear picture of data