Tavi II.

mecnieruli kvleva

ra aris mecniereba
mecnieruli kvlevis kiTxvebi
kvlevis meTodebi
operaciuli gansazRvrebebi

gazomva
gazomvis skalebi
Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebi
diskretuli (wyvetili) da uwyveti cvladebi
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 2
statistikuri meTodebi aTaswleulebis manZilze viTardeboda praqtikuli
problemebis gadasaWrelad. sityva „statistika“ laTinuri status-idan anu
sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobidan (State) momdinareobs; statistikis adreuli gamoyeneba
saxelmwifos Tu imperiis Sesaxeb codnis miRebas isaxavda miznad. romaeli
imperatorebi yovelTvis awarmoebdnen axali dapyrobili teritoriebis aRweras.
aRweriT miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT, romelic warmoadgenda mosaxleobisa
da maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli sakuTrebis statistikas, wesdeboda gadasaxadebi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom statistika am miznisTvis dResac gamoiyeneba, misi farglebi
gafarTovda da moicavs meTodebs, romlebic mowodebulia adamianebisa da
cxovelebis qcevis SeswavlisTvis.

ra aris mecniereba
mecniereba codnis SeZenis saSualebaa, romelic kiTxvis dasmas, am kiTxvaze
savaraudo pasuxis gacemas kvlevis hipoTezis formiT, hipoTezis empiriulad
SemowmebisTvis kvlevis sqemis Camoyalibebas, monacemebis Segrovebas, monacemTa
analizs da monacemTa analizze dayrdnobiT hipoTezis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotanas
moicavs.

mecnieruli kvlevis kiTxvebi

empiriuli monacemebi (Empirical data): _ mecnieruli kiTxva empiriuli monacemebis

dakvirvebasa da sensorul mogrovebis gziT pasuxis miRebis saSualebas
gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli gazomvis iZleva. sityva „empiriuli“ sensorul
Sedegad miRebuli qulebi. gamocdilebas an dakvirvebas gulisxmobs.
amrigad, empiruli monacemebi aris sistematur dakvirvebasa da sensorul
gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli gazomvis Sedegad miRebuli qulebi. I TavSi ganxiluli
TiToeuli magaliTi mecnierul kiTxvebs efuZneboda da empiriuli monacemebis
mogrovebis gziT pasuxis miRebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda.
dasmul kiTxvaze eqsperimenti xSirad savaraudo pasuxs kvlevis hipoTezis saxiT
gvTavazobs. I TavSi kvlevis hipoTeza ganvsazRvreT, rogorc debuleba or an met
cvlads Soris mosalodneli an savaraudo kavSiris Sesaxeb. uoletma da ioSim
(Ouellet and Joshi, 1986) gamoTqves hipoTeza, rom martooba da depresia
urTierTdakavSirebuli maxasiaTeblebia. vinaidan kvlevis hipoTezaSi mocemulia
cvladebi da miTiTebulia maT Soris mosalodneli kavSiris ragvaroba, is
mimarTulebas aZlevs mkvlevars kvlevis sqemis SerCevisas da monacemTa
mogrovebisas.

mecnieruli kvlevis kiTxvebi

kvlevis meTodi (Research method): _ kvlevis hipoTezis Sesamowmeblad empiriuli

midgoma monacemebis mogrovebisadmi. monacmebis mogroveba saWiroebs kvlevis meTods.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 3
kvlevis meTodi aris midgoma, romelsac mecnieri iyenebs monacemTa mosagroveblad.
bihevioristul mecnierebebSi mravali meTodi gamoiyeneba. aq ZiriTadi meTodebidan
mokled mimovixilavT mxolod oTxs. TiToeulis SemTxvevaSi mogrovili monacemebis
sistematizaciisa da analizisTvis gamoiyeneba statistika.

bunebrivi dakvirveba
bunebrivi dakvirveba (Naturalistic bunebrivi dakvirveba gulisxmobs bunebriv
observation): _ kvleva, romelic pirobebSi ganxorcielebul qcevebze, situaciaSi
gulisxmobs bunebriv pirobebSi Carevis gareSe, dakvirvebas. bunebrivi dakvirvebis
ganxorcielebul qcevebze
magaliTad SeiZleba movitanoT trinkosis (Trinkaus,
dakvirvebas.
1982, 1983, 1988, 1993) kvleva, romelic 10 wlis
manZilze sistematurad akvirdeboda mZRolebis qcevas erT gzajvaredinze. erT-erTi
misi aRmoCenaa, rom dakvirvebis periodSi Semcirda SuqniSnis wiTel Suqze
damorCileba. am dakvirvebisas eqsperimentatori praqtikulad ar ereoda procesSi;
mZRolebma arc ki icodnen, rom vinme akvirdeboda wiTeli Suqisadmi maT
damorCilebas. maT rom scodnodaT amis Sesaxeb, mosalodneli iqneboda maTi qcevis
Secvla.

saarqivo Canawerebi
saarqivo Canawerebi gulisxmobs kiTxvebze
saarqivo Canawerebi (Archival recodrs):
_ kvleva, romelSic gamoiyeneba
pasuxis gacemas arsebuli Canawerebis gamoyenebiT.

arsebuli Canawerebi. sazogadoebebSi, rogorc wesi, grovdeba

mravalferovani informacia maTi wevrebis Sesaxeb:
_ dabadebis, qorwinebisa da gardacvalebis Canawerebi; kriminaluri angariSebi,
mosaxleobis aRweris Canawerebi da a.S. es arsebuli Canawerebi SeiZleba mecnierul
kiTxvaze pasuxisTvis saWiro monacemebs iZleodnen. magaliTad, londonelma
maRaziis mflobelma jon grantma (John Grant, 1620-1674) mamakacebisa da qalebis
sikvdili mizezebSi gansxvavebebis dasadgenad dabadebisa da gardacvalebis
Canawerebi gamoiyena. uaxloes warsulSi zusne (Zusne, 1986-87) dainteresebuli iyo
Semdegi sakiTxiT: _ SeuZliaT Tu ara sikvdilis piras myof individebs sikvdilis
gadavadeba. man Seiswavla 3000-ze meti adamianis dabadebisa da gardacvalebis
Canawerebi, romelic aCvenebda, rom es SesaZlebelia, Tumca, is gansxvavdeba qalebTan
da mamakacebTan.
meore magaliTi: tomsonma (Thomson, 1993) gaaanaliza aSS-is janmrTelobis
statistikis nacionaluri centris monacemebi mkvlelobaTa sixSiris Sesaxeb. am
kvlevam aCvena, rom mkvlelobaTa ricxvi yvelaze metia kolumbiis olqSi; aq
gardacvalebis yoveli 1000 SemTxvevidan daaxloebiT 39 SemTxveva mkvlelobaa. es
ricxvi yvelaze naklebia aiovaSi, sadac 1000 SemTxvevidan mxolod 2 mkvlelobaa.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 4
gamokiTxva
gamokiTxva (Survey research): _ kvleva, gamokiTxva gulisxmobs monacemebis
romelSic monacemebi adamianebis zepiri miRebas adamianebis zepiri an werilobiTi
an werilobiTi interviuebiT miiReba. interviuebiT miiReba. gamokiTxva farTod
aris gavrcelebuli sazogadoebaSi. Tu Tqven erTxel mainc SegivsiaT restoranSi
baraTi, romelSic mocemuli iyo kiTxvebi sakvebisa Tu momsaxurebis xarisxis
Sesaxeb an Tu erTxel mainc SegivsiaT produqtis sagarantio furceli, sadac
mocemuli iyo kiTxvebi Tqveni Semosavlis, ojaxuri mdgomareobisa da hobis Sesaxeb,
Tqven monawileoba migiRiaT gamokiTxvaSi. gamokiTxvis kidev erTi cnobili
magaliTia arCevnebze xmis micemis procedura.
eqsperimenti
eqsperimenti (Experiment): _ zedmiwevniT eqsperimenti aris zedmiwevniT
gakontrolebuli situacia, sadac gakontrolebuli situacia, sadac mecnieri
mecnieri axdens erTi an meti axdens erTi an meti damoukidebeli cvladis
damoukidebeli cvladis manipulirebas manipulirebas da akvirdeba, Tu ra gavlenas
da akvirdeba, Tu ra gavlenas axdens es
axdens es damokidebul cvladze. magaliTad,
damokidebul cvladze.
harisma da blaiserma (1997, ix. gv. XX)
operacionalurad gansazRvres mnemonikuri teqnika, rogorc cdis pirebisTvis
sityvis da misi Sesatyvisi riTmis mqone ricxvebis Sewyvilebis swavlebaa. Amis
mixedviT, „erTi aris merxi, ori aris doli, sami aris skami, oTxi _ noxi, xuTi _
yuTi, eqvsi _ nemsi, Svidi _ nivTi, rva _ Tma, cxra _ ca, aTi _ Tafli“. amrigad, Tu
sxva mecnieri moisurvebs am kvlevis gagrZelebas, mas ukve ecodineba, Tu rogor
gansazRvres harisma da blaiserma mnemonikuri teqnika.

operaciuli gansazRvrebebi

operaciuli gansazRvreba (Operational sxvadasxva kvlevis sqemebis gamoyenebiT

definition): _ dakvirvebisas, damoukidebeli miRebuli mecnieruli codna ganmeorebadi
cvladiT manipulirebisas an unda iyos da mis Sesaxeb unda
damokidebuli cvladis gazomvisas Tanxmdebodnen sxvadasxva damkvirveblebi.
gamoyenebuli operaciebis detaluri
mecnieruli codna qcevis Sesaxeb maSin iZens
aRwera.
Zalas da xdeba yvelasTvis misaRebi,
rodesac sxva mecnierebs SeuZliaT am qcevis gameoreba sxvadasxva monawileebTan
sxvadasxva garemoSi da sxvadasxva adgilze. codna rom mecnieruli gaxdes, srulad
unda iyos cnobili masTan dakavSirebuli mosazrebebi da Sedegebi ise, rom sxvas
SeeZlos Sedegebis gameoreba, gakritikeba da gavrcoba. kvlevis Sesaxeb informaciis
gadacemis procesSi gadamwyveti nabijia im operaciebis zustad gansazRvra, romelic
gamoyenebul iqna dakvirvebis, damoukidebeli cvladebiT manipulirebisa Tu
damokidebuli cvladis gazomvis dros. am process mecnierebi kvlevaSi gamoyenebuli
procedurebis operaciulad gansazRvras uwodeben. erT-erT kvlevaSi uoletma da
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 5
ioSim operaciulad gansazRvres martooba, rogorc martoobis skalaze cdis piris
mier miRebuli qula (Russell, Peplau & Cutrona, 1980). amrigad, Tu romelime mecniers
moesurveba am kvlevis gagrZeleba, man unda icodes, Tu rogor gazomes martooba
uoletma da ioSim.

SeamowmeT Tqveni codna II.1

1. ganmarteT: _ saarqivo Canawerebi, empiriuli monacemebi, eqsperimenti,

bunebrivi dakvirveba, operaciuli gansazRvreba, kvlevis meTodi, kvlevis
hipoTeza, gamokiTxva.
2. qvemoT mocemuli TiToeuli kiTxvisTvis daasaxeleT kvlevis meTodi,
romelic, Tqveni azriT, unda gamoiyenon masze pasuxis gasacemad.
a) ras fiqrobs mocemuli dasaxlebuli punqtis mosaxleoba dasaxlebis
teritoriaze narCenebis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnis funqcionirebis
Sesaxeb, romelmac SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnas maT janmrTelobas?
b) rogor Seicvleba cdis pirebis damokidebuleba imis mixedviT, Tu ra
tipis _ SiSis gamomwvev Tu informacis matarebel _ Setyobinebas
gadavcemT?
g) saSualod ra asakSi uCndebaT arizonel mamakacebs pirveli Svili?
d) ramdenad xSirad TamaSoben 4 wlis bavSvebi sami bavSvisgan Semdgar
jgufebSi sabavSvo baRebSi?

gazomva
gazomva (Measurement): _ garkveuli wesebis mecnierul kiTxvaze pasuxis
mixedviT cvladebisTvis ricxviTi gasacemad saWiroa gazomva. gazomva
mniSvnelobebis miniWeba. aris garkveuli wesebis mixedviT
cvladebisTvis ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis miniWebis procesi. rogorc wesi, gazomvis
Sedegi miekuTvneba oTxidan erT-erT skalas. es skalebia: _ saxeldebis, rigis,
intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi.

gazomvis skalebi

saxeldebis skala
saxeldebis skala (Nominal measurement): _ saxeldebis skala aris gazomili
gazomili cvladis sxvadasxva kategoriebSi cvladis sxvadasxva kategoriebSi
gaerTianeba. gaerTianeba. magaliTad, iseTi cvladi
rogoricaa individis eTnikuri warmomavloba, saxeldebis skalaze izomeba; am
cvladis mixedviT aSS-Si mcxovrebi adamianebi SeiZleba gavaerTianoT kategoriebSi:
_ aborigeni, azieli amerikeli, afroamerikeli, TeTrkaniani an espanuri warmoSobis
amerikeli da Semdeg TiToeul kategorias mivaniWoT pirobiTi nomeri (aqedan
momdinareobs dasaxeleba saxeldebis, romelic niSnavs „saxelis darqmevas“),
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 6
magaliTad, 1 = aborigeni, 2 = azieli amerikeli, 3 = afroamerikeli, 4 = TeTrkaniani,
5 = espaneli warmoSobis amerikeli. erTsa da imave kategoriaSi gaerTianebul yovel
individs mieniWeba erTi da igive nomeri. cxadia, es nomeri ar aris ricxobrivi
mniSvnelobis matarebeli; igive warmatebiT kategoriebis aRsaniSnad cifrebis
nacvlad SesaZlebelia asoebis gamoyeneba. bihevioristuli mecnierebis mravali
warmomadgeneli saxeldebis skalas ar miiCnevs realur sazomad, radgan
kategoriebisTvis miniWebuli ricxvebi mxolod identifikaciis funqcias asruleben;
isini ar iZlevian raodenobriv informacias gazomili cvladis Sesaxeb.
rigis skala
rigis skala (Ordinal measurement): _ skalaze rodesac cvladis sidide
cvladis sidide dalagebulia mniSvnelobebis mniSvnelobebis mixedviT aris
mixedviT. dalagebuli skalaze, es niSnavs, rom
gamoyenebulia rigis skala. magaliTad, adamianebs SeiZleba vTxovoT
multiplikaciuri filmis seriebis dalageba skalaze ufro sasacilodan naklebad
sasacilomde. xSirad ricxviTi mniSvneloba 1 eniWeba stimuls an individs,
romelsac gasazomi maxasiaTebeli yvelaze didi odenobiT aqvs, mniSvneloba 2 _ im
stimuls an individs, romelsac aReniSneba mocemuli maxasiaTeblis Semdegi yvelaze
didi odenoba da a.S. magaliTad, Tu SfoTva rigis skalaze izomeba, individs,
romelic yvelaze met SfoTvas avlens, mieniWeba 1; individs, romelic avlens Semdeg
yvelaze met SfoTvas, eniWeba 2, Semdegs _ 3 da a.S. ase dalagdebian individebi ufro
mSfoTvaredan naklebad mSfoTvaremde.
rigis skala, faqtobrivad, ranJirebas axdens, sadac viRaca an raRaca, romelsac
mieniWa rangi 1, ufro metad xasiaTdeba mocemuli cvladiT, vidre is, visac mieniWa
rangi 2; Tumca, rigis skala ar iZleva imis gansazRvris saSualebas, Tu ramdenad
gansxvavebulia gazomili cvladi rangebs Soris. gazomili cvladis mixedviT
SeiZleba mciredi gansxvaveba iyos 1 da 2 rangebs Soris, magram es gansxvaveba
SeiZleba gacilebiT didi iyos 2 da 3 rangebs Soris. magaliTad, maraTonSi
monawile pirveli sami morbenalis dro SeiZleba iyos 3 sT da 19 wT, 3 sT da 20 wT
da 3 sT da 36 sT, Sesabamisad. finiSze am morbenalTa rangebi iqneba 1, 2 da 3;
Tumca, droSi gansxvaveba pirvel da meore morbenals Soris iqneba 1 wT maSin, roca
meore da mesame morbenals Soris gansxvaveba 16 wT-s Seadgens.
rigis skala ar aCvenebs gazomili cvladis sidides; is iZleva informacias
mxolod am cvladis mixedviT individebis Tu sagnebis Tanmimdevrobis (rigis)
Sesaxeb. ver vityviT, rom rangi 1 aucileblad ukavSirdeba gazomili cvladis met
odenobas; verc imas vityviT, rom umciresi rangis mqone individs an sagans yvelaze
naklebad axasiaTebs gazomili maxasiaTebeli. individma, romelsac moeTxoveboda
multiplikaciuri filmis seriebis dalageba ufro sasacilodan naklebad
sasacilomde, SeiZleba verc erTi maTgani ver aRiqvas sasacilod; amasTan, am
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 7
individis mier multiplikaciuri filmisTvis miniWebuli rangi 1 imave informaciis
matarebelia, romelic gaaCnia rangs 1, romelic mianiWa individma, romelmac yvela
seria Zalze sasacilod aRiqva. miuxedavad damaxasiaTebeli naklovanebebisa, rigis
skala pirveli nabijia ufro zusti sazomebis ganviTarebisken. magaliTad, autizmi
ganviTarebis darRvevaa, romelic gavlenas axdens bavSvis metyvelebis ganviTarebaze,
azrovnebis procesze da socialur da fizikur gamRizianeblebze reagirebis unarze.
naklebad aris nakvlevi, Tu rogor SeiZleba gansxvavdebodnen erTmaneTisgan
autizmis diagnozis mqone bavSvebi. am mimarTulebiT pirveli nabiji iyo bavSvis mier
ganxorcielebeuli autisturi qcevis xarisxis sazomi rigis skala, romelic
dihofma, heznekerma brosviCma, karpenterma da hofmanma (Dihoff, Hetznecker, Brosvic,
Carpenter & Hoffman, 1993) Seqmnes. am skalaze izomeba qcevis eqvsi komponenti: _
metyvelebis unari, garemoze reagirebis unari, socialur gamRizianeblebze
reagirebis unari, fizikur gamRizianeblebze reagirebis unari, masalebis
gamoyenebisadmi adaptaciis unari da kognituri funqcionireba. TiToeuli
komponentis farglebSi gamoiyo funqcionirebis xuTi done. es doneebi rigis
skalaze gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan da dalagebulia funqcionirebis umdablesi
donidan umaRles donemde. magaliTad, metyvelebis ganviTarebis komponentis
farglebSi es doneebia:
• araferi
• Jestebi
• komunikaciis survili
• komunikaciis survili da sityvebi
• sxva mimarTuli komunikacia
Jestebi miuTiTeben ufro metad ganviTarebul metyvelebaze, vidre metyvelebis
saerTod ganuviTarebloba, komunikaciis survili da sityvebi ki _ ufro metad
ganviTarebul metyvelebaze, vidre mxolod Jestebi, magram Cven ar viciT, ramdenad
didia gansxvaveba kategoriebs Soris; amitom es rigis skalaa.

SeamowmeT Tqveni codna II.2

1. ganmarteT: _ skala, saxeldebis skala, rigis skala.

2. CamoTvaleT gazomvis oTxi skala.
3. ra nakli aqvs saxeldebis skalas?
4. ra informacias gvawvdis individisTvis miniWebuli rangi 2 miRwevis
motivaciis skalaze?
5. depresiisken midrekilebis sklaze (Zlierad midrekilidan naklebad
midrekilisken) 13 individisgan Semdgar jgufSi jenifers mieniWa rangi 1,
debis _ 2, anas _ 12 da martis _ 13.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 8
a) axseniT, ratom ver daaskvniT, rom jeniferi midrekilia depresiisken
da rom marti _ saerTod ara.
b) SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom depresiisken midrekilebiT jeniferi da debi
iseve gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, rogorc ana da marti? axseniT
Tqveni pasuxi.

intervalebis skala

intervalebis skala (Interval measurement): _ Tu dakmayofilebulia rigis skalis

cvladis mniSvnelobebi dalagebulia skalaze moTxovnebi da, amasTan miniWebul
da miniWebul ricxvebs Soris gansxvaveba ricxvebs Soris gansxvaveba asaxavs
asaxavs cvladis mniSnelobebs Soris erTi da cvladis mniSnelobebs Soris igive
igive sididis sxvaobas. intervalTa skalaze
sididis sxvaobas, maSin saqme gvaqvs
nuli pirobiTad sawyisi wertilia.
intervalebis skalasTan, Tumca,
intervalTa skalas ar aqvs absoluturi nuli, sadac saerTod ar iqneba mocemuli
gasazomi cvladi. intervalTa skalaze nulovani mniSvneloba pirobiTad aris
arCeuli sawyis wertilad. is SeiZleba Canacvldes nebismieri sxva mniSvnelobiT da
am mniSvnelobidan daviwyoT aTvla.
intervalebis skalis magaliTebia farenhaitisa da celsiusis temperaturis
skalebi. nulovani maCvenebeli arc erTze ar niSnavs temperaturis saerTod arqonas.
arc erT am skalaTagans ar aqvs absoluturi nuli, radgan temperatura SeiZleba
nul gradusze qvemoTac daeces. swori iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom temperaturis
mixedviT iseTive sxvaobaa 20°C-sa da 40°C-s Soris, rogoric 40°C-sa da 60°C-s Soris,
magram ar iqneba swori, Tu vityviT, rom 40°C orjer ufro maRalia, vidre _ 20°C.
naTeli gaxdeba, Tu ratom ar SegviZlia amis Tqma, rodesac SevadarebT celsiusisa
da farengeitis skalebze gazomil Tanabar temperaturebs:

Tanabari temperaturebi
°C °F
20 68
40 104
60 140

yuradReba miaqcieT, rom 20°C-iT sxvaoba yovelTvis tolia 36°F-iT sxvaobisa,

magram vinaidan TiToeuli skala pirobiTi nulovani wertilidan iwyeba, erT
skalaze erTmaneTis gverdigverd mdebare qulebis fardoba ar udris meore skalis
erTmaneTis gverdigverd mdebare qulebis fardobas. magaliTad, Sefardeba
40°C/20°C=2.0, xolo Sesabamisi temperaturebis fardoba 104°F/68°F=1.5.
bihevioristul mecnierebSi skalebi intervalebis dones zustad iSviaTad
Seesabameba, Tumca, Sefasebis skalebi, romelTac xSirad iyeneben adamianebis iseTi
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 9
maxasiaTeblebis Sesafaseblad, rogoricaa pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi,
damokidebulebebi, ojaxuri bedniereba, sagnebis SiSi, miRwevis motivacia an
lideroba, xSirad gamoiyeneba, rogorc intervalebis skala. rogorc wesi, am
skalebSi warmodgenilia debuleba da pasuxebis skala ori ukiduresi polusiTa da
maT Soris moTavsebuli ramdenime wertiliT. magaliTad, damokidebulebebis skalaze
individs SeiZleba moeTxovebodes, rom upasuxos debulebas: _ „iaraRis tarebis
makontrolebeli Zlieri kanoni amcirebs danaSauls“ da aRniSnos Tavisi pasuxi aseT
skalaze:

sruliad veTanxmebi ver gadamiwyvetia ar veTanxmebi sruliad ar

veTanxmebi veTanxmebi

sxva formis Sefasebis skalaze SeiZleba mogeTxovebodeT pirovnebis Sefaseba

bipolaruli zedsarTavi saxelebiT:

aragulwrfeli _____ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ gulwrfeli

mimzidveli _____ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ aramimzidveli

civi ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ cxeli

Sefasebis skalebis or ukidures poluss Soris SeiZleba nebismieri raodenobis

kategoria moTavsdes; Sesabamisad, am skalebs ewodebaT 5-quliani, 7-quliani, 9-
quliani da a.S. imisda mixedviT, Tu ramdeni kategoriaa masze mocemuli. xSirad
skalis polusebze moTavsebuli zedsarTavi saxelebis prioritetuloba inversiulia
debulebaTa naxevrisTvis. amrigad, prioritetul zedsarTav saxelTa naxevari
skalis marcxena nawilSi Tavsdeba, xolo meore naxevari _ marjvena nawilSi, rac
Tavidan gvaridebs pasuxebis gacemisas wamoWril iseT problemebs, rogoricaa
mxolod skalis marjvena mxares moTavsebul debulebaTa gadasinjva.
mas Semdeg, rac pirovneba gascems pasuxebs, skalis TiToeul kategorias eniWeba
ricxobrivi mniSvneloba:

aragulwrfeli _____ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ gulwrfeli

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mimzidveli _____ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ aramimzidveli

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

civi ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ : ______ cxeli

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

xSirad mocemulia ramdenime skala da cdis piris saboloo, erTi qulis

misaRebad saWiroa calkeul skalebze miRebul qulaTa dajameba. aseT skalebs
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 10
jamuri Sefasebis skalebs uwodeben. magaliTad, rotonma da kelim (Rotton & Kelly, 1985)
Seqmnes e.w. mTvaris efeqtis rwmenis skala, romliTac fasdeboda qcevaze savse
mTvaris gavlenis rwmena. skala cxra debulebisgan Sedgeba. respondenti irCevs
ricxvs 1-dan (sruliad ar veTanxmebi) 9-mde (sruliad veTanxmebi) da amiT miuTiTebs,
Tu ramdenad eTanxmeba TiToeul debulebas. magaliTad, skalis erT-erTi debuleba 1
aseTia:

kargi azria savse mTvaris dros saxlSi darCena.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

sruliad ar arc sruliad

veTanxmebi veTanxmebi, veTanxmebi
arc ar
veTanxmebi

Sefasebis skalisTvis saWiro saboloo qula miiReba cxrave debulebaze miRebuli

qulebis dajamebiT. qulaTa SesaZlebeli diapazonia 9-dan (Tu yoveli debuleba
Sefasebulia 1 quliT) 81 qulamde (Tu yoveli debuleba Sefasebulia 9 quliT).
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom am skalaze qulaTa mocemuli rigi pirobiTia; Tu
TiToeuli debulebis Sesafasebeli sayrdeni punqtebi (romelTac raodenoba am
skalaze aris 9) dalagebuli iqneboda 10-dan 90-mde (da ara 1-dan 9-mde), maSin jamuri
Sefasebis skalis diapazoni iqneboda 90-dan 810 qulamde.
gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneba mTvaris efeqtis rwmenis skalaze da Sefasebis
sxva msgavs skalebze miRebuli qulebi? cxadia, rom TiToeuli debulebis Sefaseba
moTavsebulia, sul mcire, rigis skalaze. qula 4 miuTiTebs debulebaSi aRwerili
konkretuli maxasiaTeblis ufro metad mocemulobaze, vidre _ qula 3, xolo qula
3 _ ufro metad mocemulobaze, vidre qula 2; Tumca, ver vityviT gadaWriT, rom
gansxvaveba 4-sa da 3-s Soris maxasiaTebelSi imdenive gansxvavebas gamoxatavs,
ramdensac gansxvaveba 3-sa da 2-s Soris. Tumca, aseTi Sefasebebi ufro mets unda
iZleodes, vidre mxolod rigis skalis informaciaa. Cven SeiZleba movelodeT, rom
respondenti subieqturad dayofs kategoriebs daaxloebiT tol intervalebad
skalis polusebs Soris. Tu davajamebT respondentisgan ramdenime calkeul
skalaze miRebul Sefasebebs, samarTliani iqneba, Tu davuSvebT, rom saboloo qula
ufro mets gvaZlevs, vidre mxolod rigis Sesaxeb informacias. gardneris (Gardner,
1975) mixedviT, jamur skalebze miRebuli qulebi rigisa da intervalebis skalebs
Soris xvdeba. amrigad, ar aris aucilebeli, rom romelime konkertuli skala
zustad ergebodes gazomvis oTxi skalidan erT-erTs; Tumca, rodesac statistikuri

1
debuleba ibeWdeba avtorebis _ j. rotonisa da i. u. kelis da gamomcemlis nebarTviT, „A
Scale for assessing belief in lunar effects: reliability and concurrent validity“, Psychological Reports, 1985, 57, 239-245,
© Psychological Reports, 1985.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 11
analizis saWiroeba dgeba, Sefasebis skalebs mkvlevrebi xSirad intervalebis
skalebad ganixilaven.

Sefardebis skala

Sefardebis skala (Ratio measurement): _ cvladis sidide

intervalebis skalis pirobiTi
dalagebulia skalaze da miniWebul ricxvebs Soris
nulovani wertili Sefardebis
gansxvaveba asaxavs cvladis mniSnelobebs Soris igive
skalaze Canacvlebulia
sididis gansxvavebas. Sefardebis skalaze arsebobs
absoluturi nuliT, romelic
WeSmaritad nulovani wertili, romelic Seesabameba
gasazomi maxasiaTeblis srul ararsebobas.
Seesabameba gasazomi cvladis
srul ararsebobas. Sefardebis
skalaze SesaZlebelia vTqvaT, rom erTi obieqti (magaliTad, gamRizianebeli,
movlena an individi) orjer, naxevarjer an samjer metad xasiaTdeba gasazomi
cvladiT, vidre _ meore. Sefardebis skala maSin gamoiyeneba bihevioristul
mecnierebebSi, rodesac izomeba iseTi sidideebi, rogoricaa reaqciis dro an
amocanis Sesrulebaze daxarjuli dro. am sidideebs aqvT absoluturi nuli, skalis
erTeulebi ki Tanabari intervalebiT arian erTmaneTisgan daSorebuli. magaliTad,
Tu vzomavT dros, romelsac individi Tavsatexis amoxsnas andomebs, 15 wamsa da 20
wams Soris (anu 10 wami) sxvaoba tolia 50 wamsa da 60 wams Soris (isev 10 wami)
sxvaobisa; amasTanave, is, vinc 60 wamSi xsnis Tavsatexs, orjer met dros andomebs
amas, vidre is, vinc Tavsatexis amoxsnas 30 wamSi axerxebs.
perceptuli iluziis sididis gazomva xSirad Sefardebis skalazea
SesaZlebeli. iluzia Cndeba maSin, rodesac gamRizineblis Cveneuli aRqma ar
Seesabameba mis fizikur maxasiaTeblebs; Cven arasworad aRviqvamT imas, rac
arsebobs. amis cnobili magaliTia miuler-laieris iluzia, romelic N2.1 suraTzea
mocemulia. aq Tqven xedavT (an metad albaTuria, rom dainaxoT), rom (a) xazi (b)
xazze grZelia, Tumca, fizikurad es xazebi tolia. Tqveni aRqma mcdaria. am iluziis
sidide SeiZleba gavzomoT imis gansazRvriT, Tu ramdenad gansxvavdeba stimulis
aRqmuli sigrZe misi realuri sigrZisgan. milimetrebiT (mm) gazomili perceptuli
Secdoma ganekuTvneba Sefardebis skalas. sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom cdis piris
Secdoma iyos 0 mm (anu ar iyos Secdoma), rodesac stimulis aRqmuli sigrZe ar
gansxvavdeba misi realuri sigrZisgan. 5 mm-iT Secdomasa da 8 mm-iT Secdomas Soris
gansxvaveba igivea, rac 10 mm-iT Secdomasa da 13 mm-iT Secdomas Soris. garda amisa,
10 mm-iT Secdoma gamoxatavs sididis iluzias, romelic orjer aRemateba 5 mm-iT
Secdomas.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 12

Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebi

Tvisebrivi monacemebi (Qualitative data): _ adamianebisa Tu sagnebis sxvadasxva

saxeldebis skalaze miRebuli monacemebi, kategoriebSi gasaerTianeblad
romlebic miuTiTeben, rom cvladebi saxeldebis skalaze gamoiyeneba
Tvisebrivad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. ricxvebi, romlebic ar iZlevian
raodenobrivi monacemebi (Quantitative data): _ raodenobriv informacias im cvladis
rigis, intervalebisa an Sefardebis skalaze Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviTac moxda
miRebuli monacemebi, romlebic miuTiTeben, Tu maTi kategoriebSi gaerTianeba.
ra sididis aris cvladi. amrigad, saxeldebis skala gvaZlevs
Tvisebriv monacemebs. kategoriebad gaerTianebuli adamianebi an sagnebi raRac
TvisebiT arian gansxvavebulni. rigis, intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi
gvaZleven raodenobriv monacemebs. cvladisTvis miniWebuli ricxvebi gamoxataven am
cvladis sidides anu raodenobas. am sami skalidan bihevioristuli mecnierebebis
wamomadgenlebi upiratesobas aniWeben intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebs, radgan
isini gasazomi cladis ZiriTadi Tvisebebisa Tu maxasiaTeblebis raodenobis ufro
zustad gansazRvris saSualebas iZlevian, vidre rigis skala. garda amisa, vinaidan
intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi iseTi maTematikuri operaciebis gamoyenebis
saSualebas iZlevian, rogoricaa Sekreba, gamokleba, gamravleba da gayofa, am
skalebze SesaZlebelia metad mravalferovani statistikuri teqnikis gamoyenebac.
aqedan gamomdinare, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili mravali
statistikuri meTodi mowodebulia intervalebis an Sefardebis skalebze miRebuli
monacemebisTvis.

SeamowmeT Tqveni codna II.3

1. ganmarteT: _ intervalebis skala, Tvisebrivi monacemebi, raodenobrivi

monacemebi, Sefardebis skala.
2. liderobis unaris Sesafasebel rigis skalaze cdis pirebma miiRes
Semdegi qulebi: rozana _ 84, eva _ 78, pirsi _ 71, viqtoria _ 65, nensi _ 42
da uiliami _ 0.
a) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom rozanasa da evas liderobis
unarebs Soris iseTive gansxvavebaa, rogoric pirsisa da viqtorias
unarebs Soris? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.
b) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom rozanas liderobis orjer meti
unari aqvs, vidre nensis? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.
g) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom radgan uiliamma 0 qula miiRo,
mas saerTod ar aqvs liderobis unari? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.
3. kolejis ramdenime studentma monawiloba miiRo Zilis kvlevaSi,
romelSic Tvalebis swrafi moZraobis fazaSi (REM Zili; faza, rodesac
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 13
adamiani sizmars xedavs) gatarebuli dro (wuTebiT)
eleqtroencefalogramis gamoyenebiT izomeboda. erT Rames REM Zilis
xangrZlivoba iyo: dominikTan _ 204 wT, gretasTan _ 194 wT, andresTan _
175 wT, judisTan _ 165 da karmenTan _ 102 wT.
a) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom sxvaoba dominikisa da gretas
REM Zilis xangrZlivobas Soris imdenivea, ramdenic andresa da judis
REM Zilis xangrZlivobas Soris? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.
b) marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom dominikma orjer meti dro
gaatara REM Zilis fazaSi, vidre karmenma? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.
g) davuSvaT, erT-erTma studentma, martinma REM Zilis fazaSi gaatara 0
wT. marTebuli iqneba, Tu davaskvniT, rom im Rames mas ar hqonia REM
Zilis faza? axseniTYTqveni pasuxi.

diskretuli (wyvetili) da uwyveti cvladebi

cvladebi SeiZleba iyos diskretuli (wyvetili) da uwyveti

diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladebi

diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladi (Discrete variable): diskretulia (wyvetilia) cvladi,

_ cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos romelmac SeiZleba miiRos
sasruli an Tvladi mniSvneloba. mniSvnelobebi mxolod sasruli an
potenciurad Tvladi simravlidan. sityva „sasruli“ niSnavs SesaZlo mniSvnelobebis
gansazRvrul simravles. mocemuli kolejis studentebis raodenoba diskretuli
cvladia: am kolejSi SeiZleba swavlobdes 5652 studenti an 5653 studenti, magram
ara _ 5652½ studenti. studentebis raodenoba SeiZleba gaizardos an Semcirdes
erTi mTliani, magram ara _ ½ an ⅓ studentis mimatebiT an gamoklebiT. amrigad,
studentebis raodenoba iRebs mxolod gansazRvrul Tvlad mniSvnelobebs.
Cveulebisamebr, cvladebs, romelTa SesaZlo mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba daviTvaloT,
diskretul (wyvetil) cvladebs uwodeben: qalaqSi mcxovreb adamianTa raodenoba,
ojaxSi bavSvebis raodenoba, qurdobebis raodenoba erTi wlis manZilze, StatSi
regisgrirebuli avtomanqanebis raodenoba da a.S.

uwyveti cvladebi

uwyveti cvladi (Continuous variable): _ uwyvetia cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos

cvladi, romelmac SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi cvladis nebismier or dones
usasrulo mniSvneloba cvladis Soris moTavsebuli usasrulo simravlidan.
nebismier or dones Soris. amrigad, uwyvet cvlads aqvs mniSvnelobaTa
SemousazRvreli simravle. aseTi cvladis magaliTia Tqveni wonis gazomva: is
SeiZleba iyos 55.6 kg an 55.64 kg. Tqveni wona ar SemoisazRvreba iseTi diskretuli
mniSvnelobebiT, rogoricaa 55 kg an 56 kg. Tumca, Tqveni wona mainc ar iqneboda
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 14
SemosazRvruli am konkretuli mniSvnelobebiT; man SeiZleba miiRos nebismieri
mniSvneloba 55 kg-sa da 56 kg-s Soris. analogiurad, mravali fsiqologiuri cvladi,
rogoricaa, magaliTad, SfoTva an inteleqti, arsebobs uwyveti cvladis saxiT,
Tumca, maTi gazomva SesaZlebelia skalebiT, romlebzec cdis pirs diskretuli
qulebi eniWeba.

gazomvis realuri sazRvrebi. rodesac vzomavT uwyvet cvlads, cvladis arsebul

sidideebs eniWeba konkretuli ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi, magram es aris cvladis
realur sidideebTan mxolod miaxloebuli mniSvnelobebi. aqedan gamomdinare,
ganurCevlad imisa, gazomvis romel skalas avirCevT, unda vicodeT, ra sizustiT
vzomavT. uwyveti cvladis gazomvis sizuste moTavsebulia miniWebuli ricxvis
realur sazRvrebSi.
ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi (Real limits of a gazomvis realuri sazRvrebis cnebis
number): _ ricxvisa da misi wina ricxvis gageba gaioldeba, Tu ganvixilavT drois
Suawertili an ricxvisa da misi momdevno cvladis gazomvis magaliTs. davuSvaT,
ricxvis Suawertili im skalaze, romelsac gvainteresebs, ramden xans SeuZlia
viyenebT mocemuli cvladis gasazomad.
adamians 40°F (5°C) wyalSi xelis gaCereba.
ricxvis realuri qveda sazRvari (Lower real am davalebas xSirad iyeneben tkivilis
limit of a number) _ ricxvisa da misi wina usafrTxod gamosawvevad eqsperimentebSi,
ricxvis Suawertili. sadac ikvleven tkivilisadmi
ricxvis realuri zeda sazRvari(Upper real tolerantobis gazrdaSi relaqsaciis
limit of a number) _ ricxvisa da misi momdevno strategiebis rols. davuSvaT, erTma cdis
ricxvis Suawertili. pirma, Cveni gazomvis mixedviT
(vakvirdebodiT mas da vuyurebdiT wamzoms), wyalSi xelis gaCereba SeZlo 37 wm.
ramdenad zustia gazomvis es Sedegi? vinaidan Cven vzomavdiT uaxloesi mTeli wamis
sizustiT, dafiqsirebuli dro ver iqneboda 36 an 38 wm, magram SesaZlebelia, rom
realuri dro 37,2 wm an 36,7 wm yofiliyo? pasuxia: _ „diax“; Cven SegveZlo 37 wm-mde
dagvemrgvalebina 36,7 wamic da 37,2 wamic. am gazomvis (37 wm) sizuste mocemulia
ricxvis realuri sazRvrebiT. ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi aris ricxvisa da misi
wina ricxvis Suawertili an ricxvisa da misi momdevno ricxvis Suawertili im
skalaze, romelsac viyenebT mocemuli cvladis gasazomad. miRebuli
mniSvnelobisTvis _ 37 wm-isTvis, Sesabamisad, realuri qveda sazRvari iqneba 36,5 wm,
xolo realuri zeda sazRvari _ 37,5 wm. 36,5 wamisTvis realuri qveda zRvari aris
Sualedi 36 wamsa (skalaze momdevno gazomvad mniSvnelobasa) da 37 wams Soris. 37,5
wamisTvis realuri zeda zRvari aris Sualedi 37 wamsa da 38 wams (skalze momdevno
gazomvad mniSvnelobas) Soris.
axla davuSvaT, rom vzomavT eleqtronuli wamzomiT, romelsac SeuZlia gazomos

uaxloesi 1 wamis sizustiT da miviReT, magaliTad, 37,21 wm. ra iqneba am gazomvis

100
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 15
realuri zeda da qveda zRvari? am SemTxvevaSic viyenebT igive wess: _ vpoulobT
momdevno umdables da umaRles mniSvnelobebs Soris Sua wertils im skalaze,
romelzec vzomavT cvlads. amrigad, realuri qveda zRvari iqneba Suawertili 37,20
wamsa (momdevno umdables mniSvnelobas) da 37,21 wams Soris anu 37,205 wm, xolo
realuri zeda zRvari _ Suawertili 37,21 wamsa da 37,22 wams (momevno umaRles
mniSvnelobas) Soris anu 37,215 wm.
uwyveti cvladis yovel ricxviT mniSvnelobas aqvs masTan dakavSirebuli
realuri zeda da qveda zRvrebi. davuSvaT, viyenebT Sefasebis 7-qulian skalas,
romelic mocemulia N2-2 suraTze. vTqvaT, cdis pirma am skalaze aRniSna pasuxi 3.
zemoT aRwerili wesebis mixedviT, am qulis realuri qveda da zeda zRvari,
Sesabamisad, aris 2,5 da 3,3-ia.
gazomvis realuri sazRvrebi mniSvnelovania qulebis sixSireTa ganawilebis
agebisas da statistikur gamoTvlebSi mniSvnelobebis damrgvalebisas. sixSireTa
ganawilebis Sesaxeb me-3 TavSi visaubrebT.

suraTi N2.2. 7-qulian skalaze gacemuli pasuxis (aRniSnulia -iT) realuri zeda da
qveda zRvrebi.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

arasodes Zalian
xSirad
2,5 3,5
realuri realuri
qveda zeda
zRvari zRvari

damrgvaleba: gamoTvlis saboloo pasuxi. davuSvaT, sam adamians vTxoveT N2-2

suraTze mocemuli skalis Sevseba da miviReT Semdegi qulebi: _ 4, 4 da 3. tipuri
pasuxis aRsawerad unda SevkriboT es ricxvebi (miviRebT 11-s) da miRebuli jami

gavyoT 3-ze, Sedegad gveqneba 11 = 3,666 6 . aRniSvna (‾) bolo 6-ianis Tavze niSnavs, rom
3
6-ianebi usasrulod meordeba. mZimis Semdeg ramdeni TanrigiT unda warmoadginoT
miRebuli pasuxi?
erTi SeTanxmebaa, rom gamoTvlis saboloo mniSvneloba unda damrgvaldes mZimis
Semdeg or Tanrigamde realurad miRebuli mniSvnelobis Semdeg. warmodgenil
magaliTSi qulebi mocemulia erTeulebSi: cdis pirma unda airCios 3 an 4 da ara _
3,2 an 4,6. am wesis mixedviT, gamoTvlis saboloo Sedegi unda damrgvaldes arCeuli
pasuxis Semdeg or Tanrigamde anu 3,67-mde.
meore SeTanxmebiT, gamoTvlis saboloo Sedegi mrgvaldeba mZimis Semdeg erT
Tanrigamde realurad miRebuli qulis Semdeg. am midgomis mixedviT, mocemul
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 16
magaliTSi gamoTvlis saboloo Sedegi damrgvaldeba miRebuli qulis mZimis Semdeg
erT Tanrigamde anu iqneba 3,7. qvemoT ganxilulia orive midgomis sailustracio
magaliTi.

damrgvaleba: gamoTvlis Sualeduri nabijebi. Tu saboloo pasuxis gamoTvlas

ramdenime nabiji sWirdeba, Sualeduri ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi, sul mcire, ori
TanrigiT metiT unda gadavitanoT saboloo pasuxis gamoTvlis etapamde. magaliTad,

Tu 11 -is mniSvneloba Semdgom gamoTvlebSic unda gamoviyenoT, is ar unda

3
damrgvaldes 3,67-mde; metic, Semdgomi gamoTvlebisTvis is ori damatebiTi TanrigiT
unda gadavitanoT _ 3,6667. am midgomas minimumamde dayavs gamoTvlebSi damrgvalebis
Secdoma.

damrgvalebis wesebi. davuSvaT, gamoTvlis Sedegad miviReT pasuxi 3,6AB, sadac A

da B SesaZlo ricxviTi mniSvnelobebia. magaliTad, Tu A=2 da B=9, maSin 3,6AB=3.629.
vTqvaT, gvsurs am ricxvis mZimis Semdeg or Tanrigamde damrgvaleba. ricxvebis
damrgvaleba, Cvelebriv, ramdenime wesis dacviT xdeba.
• Tu B-Ti aRniSnuli ricxvi 5-ze metia, A izrdeba 1-iT da ugulebeliyofa B
sidide. am wesis mixedviT, 3,629 (aq A=2 da B=9) mrgvaldeba 3,63-mde.
• Tu B 5-ze naklebia, A-s mniSvneloba ucvleli rCeba da ugulebeliyofa B
sidide. am wesis mixedviT, 3,623 (aq A=2 da B=3) mrgvaldeba 3,62-mde.
• Tu B-Ti aRniSnuli ricxvi 5-is tolia, A izrdeba 1-iT, Tu A kentia; xolo A-
s mniSvneloba ucvleli rCeba, Tu A luwia, B sidide ki ugulebeliyofa. am
wesis mixedviT, 3,635 (aq A=3 da B=5) mrgvaldeba 3,64-mde, xolo 3,625 (aq A=2 da
B=5) _ 3,62-mde da ara 3,63-mde.

SeamowmeT Tqveni codna II-4

1. ganmarteT: _ uwyveti cvladi, diskretuli (wyvetili) cvladi, ricxvis

realuri sazRvrebi, realuri qveda zRvari, realuri zeda zRvari.
2. gaarkvieT, qvemoT CamoTvlili cvladebidan romelia diskretuli da
romeli _ uwyveti.
a) individis xelis sigrZe, gazomili santimetrebiT.
b) sasamarTlos darbazSi bralmdebelisa da braldebulis TvalebiT
kontaqtis xangrZlioba, gazomili wamebiT.
g) tomsonis gazelis naxtomebis (vertikaluri naxtomi, rodesac oTxive
fexi erTdroulad scildeba miwas) raodenoba 1 saaTis ganmavlobaSi.
d) mgalobeli Citis simReris xangrZlivoba (wamebSi) Sewyvilebis
periodSi.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 17
e) multiplikaciur filmebze sicili, romelic izomeba im drois
xangrZlivobis mixedviT (wamebSi), ramden xansac icinis maTze cdis
piri.
v) sabavSvo baRis bavSvebis altruistul qcevaTa raodenoba erTi dRis
ganmavlobaSi.
z) bavSvis megobrebis raodenoba.
T) statistikis gamocdaze sworad gacemuli pasuxebis raodenoba.
3. ipoveT TiToeuli qulis realuri zeda da qveda zRvrebi.
a) 152,4 sm simaRle.
b) TvalebiT kontaqtis xangrZlioba 17,3 wm.
g) 7-qulian skalaze micemuli Sefaseba 4.
d) reaqciis dro 0,437 wm.
e) 6,9 mm Secdoma miuler-laieris iluziis aRqmisas.
v) xelis sigrZe 67,81 sm.
4. daamrgvaleT Semdegi mniSvnelobebi frCxilebSi miTiTebul Tanrigamde.
a) 27,436 (or Tanrigamde).
b) 119,0278 (sam Tanrigamde).
g) 1,445 (or Tanrigamde).
d) 1263.75915 (oTx Tanrigamde).
e) 0,352 (or Tanrigamde).
v) 13,2659 (or Tanrigamde).

Sejameba

• statistika qcevis mecnieruli Seswavlis saSualebaa.

• mecnieruli kvleva iwyeba kiTxvis dasmiT, romelzec pasuxis gacema
SesaZlebelia empiriuli monacemebis mopovebis saSualebiT.
• kvlevis meTodi aris monacemebis mogrovebisas gamoyenebuli midgoma. aq
ganxilulia kvlevis oTxi meTodi: _ bunebrivi dakvirveba, saarqivo
Canawerebi, gamokiTxva da eqsperimenti.
• bunebrivi dakvirveba aris kvleva, romelic gulisxmobs bunebriv pirobebSi
ganxorcielebul qcevebze dakvirvebas.
• saarqivo CanawerebiT kvlevisas gamoiyeneba arsebuli Canawerebi.
• gamokiTxva aris kvleva, romelSic monacemebi adamianebis zepiri an
werilobiTi interviuebiT miiReba.
• eqsperimenti aris zedmiwevniT gakontrolebuli situacia, sadac mecnieri
axdens erTi an meti damoukidebeli cvladis manipulirebas da akvirdeba, Tu
ra gavlenas axdens es damokidebul cvladze.
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 18

• operaciuli gansazRvreba aRwers dakvirvebisas an damoukidebeli cvladiT

manipulirebisas gamoyenebul operaciebs Tu etapebs.
• gazomva aris garkveuli wesebis mixedviT cvladebisTvis ricxviTi
mniSvnelobebis miniWeba.
• saxeldebis skala aris gazomili cvladis sxvadasxva kategoriebSi
gaerTianeba. saxeldebis skala iZleva Tvisebriv monacemebs.
• rigis skala mocemuli parametris mixedviT TanmimdevrobiT ganalagebs
cvladis sidideebs.
• intervalebis skalaze Tanabrad izrdeba gasazomi cvladis sidide, Tumca, aq
mas ara aqvs absoluturi nuli.
• Sefardebis skala xasiaTdeba intervalebis skalis TvisebebiT da damatebiT
aqvs absoluturi nulovani wertili.
• rigis, intervalebisa da Sefardebis skalebi raodenobriv monacemebs iZleva.
• diskretulma cvladma SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi mxolod sasruli an
potenciurad Tvladi simravlidan.
• uwyvetma cvladma SeiZleba miiRos mniSvnelobebi cvladis nebismier or dones
Soris moTavsebuli usasrulo simravlidan.
• ricxvis realuri sazRvrebi aris ricxvsa da mis wina da momdevno umdables
da umaRles ricxvebs Soris Sua wertilebi im skalaze, romelsac viyenebT
mocemuli cvladis gasazomad.

ZiriTadi terminebi da simboloebi

kvlevis hipoTeza ricxvis realuri qveda
bunebrivi dakvirveba
operaciuli gansazRvreba zRvari
gamokiTxva
raodenobrivi monacemebi saarqivo Canawerebi
diskretuli cvladi
rigis skala saxeldebis skala
empiriuli monacemi
ricxvis realuri zeda skala
eqsperimenti
zRvari uwyveti cvladi
Tvisebrivi monacemebi
ricxvis realuri zRvari Sefardebebis skala
intervalebis skala
cvladi
kvlevis sqema

kiTxvebi

1. davuSvaT, gTxoves qvemoT CamoTvlil kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad

monacemebis Segroveba. kvlevis romel sqemas airCevdiT TiToeul SemTxvevaSi
da ratom?
a) statistikis kursze Tqveni jgufelebi, Cveulebriv, ramden dros uTmoben
saSinao davalebis Sesrulebas?
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 19
b) ramdenad xSirad isvris kalaTburTeli burTs kalaTSi maSin, rodesac
msaji uSualod srolis win drois amowurvis niSans iZleva?
g) zrdis Tu ara gamyidvelTa daxelovnebis programa im adamianTa navaWris
raodenobas, romlebmac gaiares es programa?
d) ra tipur qcevebs axorcielebs patara bavSvi maRaziidan gamosvlisas?
2. davuSvaT, gTxoves TanamSromelTa jgufSi samsaxureobrivi stresis gazomva.
rogor gansazRvravT operaciulad samsaxureobrivi stresis zomas?
3. gazomes policiis oficerTa orientacia profesiul miRwevaze. amisaTvis
gamoiyenes oTxi teqsti. TiToeul maTganSi aRwerili iyo profesiul
miRwevaze sxvadasxvagvari oriantacia, romlis Sinaarsi icvleboda 1-dan
(invidividis profesiul miRwevasTan yvelaze miaxloebulidan) 4-mde
(individis profesiul miRwevisgan yvelaze daSorebulamde).
a) ra ZiriTadi cvladi gazomes am kvlevaSi?
b) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?
4. profesionali golfis moTamaSe qalebi awones, raTa daedginaT,
ukavSirdeboda Tu ara maTi sxeulis wona maTi TamaSis xarisxs.
a) ra ZiriTadi cvladi gazomes am kvlevaSi?
b) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?
g) golfis erTi moTamaSis wona iyo 54,6 kg. ra iqneba am gazomvis realuri
zeda da qveda zRvari.
d) 6 golfis moTamaSe awones kilogramis sizustiT. maTi saSualo wona
iyo 57,648 kg. daamrgvaleT es ricxvi.
5. pirvelklaseli bavSvebis mSoblebi Seafases emociuri stabilobis
pirovnuli maxasiaTeblis mixedviT. amisaTvis gamoiyenes Sefasebis skala.
a) ra ZiriTadi cvladi gazomes am kvlevaSi?
b) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?
g) vTqvaT, cdis pirma daTanxmeba _ ardaTanxmebis 9-qulian skalaze
debulebas mianiWa 8. ra iqneba am gazomvis realuri qveda da zeda
zRvari?
d) vTqvaT, am skalis mixedviT SeafaseT eqvsi adamiani da mocemuli
debulebis maTi tipuri Sefaseba iyo 5,833. ramdenad sworad aris
mocemuli es Sedegi mZimis Semdeg warmodgenili Tanrigebis raodenobis
TvalsazrisiT? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.
6. Tqven ikvlevT, Tu ramden dros uTmoben studentebi yoveldRiurad saSinao
davalebis Sesrulebas. erTma studentma aRniSna, rom qimias 97 wuTs uTmobs.
a) gazomvis romel skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?
b) ra iqneba studentis mier dasaxelebuli 97 wuTis realuri zeda da
qveda zRvari?
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 20

g) samma studentma aRniSna, rom saSinao davalebis Sesrulebas uTmobs 97,

68 da 83 wuTs, Sesabamisad. maTi qulebis saSualoa 82,666666.
daamrgvaleT es ricxvi.
7. pirovnebaTSorisi Rirebulebebis Sesafaseblad cdis pirs moeTxoveboda
Rirebulebebis amsaxveli 12 debuleba daelagebina yvelaze
mniSvnelovanidan yvelaze naklebad mniSvnelovanamde. gazomvis romel
skalas miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?
8. sabavSo baRSi bavSvebis urTierTqmedeba gaarTianes kategoriebSi:
agonisturi (anu kamaTi an Cxubi), neitraluri (ar iyo interaqcia) da
altruistuli (anu daxmarebis gamwevi). gazomvis romel skalas
miekuTvneboda gamoyenebuli sazomi?
9. gansazRvreT, qvemoT CamoTvlili cvladebi diskretulia Tu uwyveti.
a) Tqveni jgufelebis raodenoba statistikis kursze.
b) im adamianebis mier daklebuli wona kilogramebSi, romlebic dietas
icaven da varjiSoben.
g) caciebis ricxvi 100 kacian jgufSi.
d) individis sisxlis wneva, romelic izomeba vercxlis wylis svetis
simaRliT.
10. gansazRvreT qvemoT CamoTvlili maCveneblebis realuri zeda da qveda
zRvari.
a) wona 61,3 kg.
b) 34 wuTi, romelic eTmoba video TamaSs.
g) manqaniT gavlili 175.6 km.
d) sxeuli temperatura 36,6°C.
e) sistoluri sisxlis wneva vercxlis wylis simaRlis 109 mm.
11. daamrgvaleT Semdegi ricxvebi mZimis Semdeg or Tanrigamde.
a) 42,255 e) 13,895
b) 1,165 v) 24,6250
g) 163,651 z) 19,2751
d) 27,426
12. sadilis dasrulebis Semdeg restornis mepatroneebi avseben baraTebs. mas
sTxoven, rom TiToeul baraTSi 5-qulian skalze (cudidad saukeTesomde)
Seafasos sakvebis xarisxi, momsaxurebisas keTilganwyobis xarisxi,
momsaxurebis siswrafe da sisufTave. TiToeuli baraTidan miRebuli
saboloo qulaa 4-dan 20-mde. gazomvis romeli skalaa gamoyenebuli aq?
axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.
13. fsiqologi ikvlevda, Tu ramdenad SeeZloT adamainebs tkivilis atana;
amisaTvis cdis pirebi xels yofdnen 5°C-ian wyalSi; izomeboda drois
 თავი II. მეცნიერული კვლევა 21
xangrZlivoba, ramden xansac SeeZloT maT xelis gaCereba wyalSi. man
Caatara ori kvleva.
a) pirvel kvlevaSi cdis pirebi dalagda imis mixedviT, Tu ramden xans
SeeZloT xelis gaCereba wyalSi da miiRes Semdegi Tanmimdevroba: liza
_ 1, stacia _ 2, marita _ 3, robini _ 4 da judi _ 5. gazomvis romeli
skala gamoiyena mkvlevarma?
b) meore kvlevaSi tkivilis amtanobis xangrZlivoba wamebiT gaizoma da
miiRes Semdegi Sedegebi: liza _ 111,3 wm, stacia _ 97,8 wm, marita _ 71,3
wm, robini _ 18,7 wm da judi _ 13,6 wm. gazomvis romeli skala gamoiyena
mkvlevarma?
14. jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier janmrTelobis dacvis sistemebis
ranJirebisas (Mishra, 2000) aSS-is janmrTelobis dacvis sistemam 37-e rangi
miiRo. pirveli da meore adgilebi, Sesabamisad, safrangeTisa da italiis
janmrTelobis dacvis sistemebma daikaves. iaponias mieniWa me-10, xolo
Sveicarias _ me-20 rangi.
a) ramdenad ukeTesia safrangeTis janmrTelobis dacvis sistema
italiasTan SedarebiT?
b) aris Tu ara aSS-is janmrTelobis dacvis sistema orjer ukeTesi,
vidre Sveicariis? axseniT Tqveni pasuxi.
g) ras geubnebaT aSS-is janmrTelobis dacvis sistemis xarisxis Sesaxeb
is faqti, rom mas 37-e rangi mieniWa?