Non Destructive Testing

Radiographic Testing

THE UNREVEALED POWER

OF TESTING EXCELLENCE

Since the discovery of X-Rays by Professor W. C. Röntgen on November 8th 1885, radiography has made a lot
of strides. In addition to the development of X-Ray machines and Gamma Radiography devices, the imaging
sensors have also improved tremendously. From imaging on a barium platinocyanide paper to film radiography
to the modern film-less digital imaging, the science has improved tremendously, facilitating very high resolution
images that can be further enhanced using specialized digital software.

The principles of radiography are relatively simple:

The X-Ray machine or Gamma Radiation is the source of the rays and transmits penetrating X or Gamma Rays.
The object being radiographed partially absorbs these rays. In areas where there are flaws or breaks, a greater
or smaller number of rays are able to penetrate.

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 Because X and Gamma Rays are invisible, a detecting agent is required to produce a visible picture. This detecting
agent can be the radiographic film in light proof wrapping or a Digital image sensor. The areas where the film/
sensor has been exposed to more rays show up dark when developed.

ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS
• Can be used to inspect virtually all materials. • Extensive operator training and skill required.
• Detects surface and subsurface defects. • Access to both sides of the structure is usually
• Ability to inspect complex shapes and multi-layered required.
structures without disassembly. • Orientation of the radiation beam to non-volumetric
• Minimum part preparation is required. defects is critical.
• Field inspection of thick section can be time
consuming.
• Relatively expensive equipment investment is
required.
• Possible radiation hazard for personnel

C/ CODE CONSIDERATIONS TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

C

ASTM International RT has been employed in several industries and for a

ASTM E94, E572, E746, E747, E1030, E1032, E1165, variety of inspection types, including: Petrochemical
E1476, E1695, E1734, E1742, E1815, E1935 Nuclear Fossil Chemical Military Aerospace Foundries
New construction Post-construction Corrosion
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME I, III, V, VIII, IX, B31.1, B31.3 monitoring LNG fabrication Radiography is also a widely
used volumetric-testing technique, and AEIS is a time
American Petroleum Institute tested provider of this service in the industry.
API 620, 650, 1104

American Welding Society

AWS B2.1, D1.1, D1.2, D1.4, D1.5, D1.6, D1.9, D14.1,
D17.1, D17.2

Military Specification
MIL-STD 2035

Naval Sea Systems Command

NAVSEA T9074-AS-GIB 010/271

New York State Steel Construction Manual

NYSSCM - 4th Edition

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