2.

The Bologna Process

to be mobile - to be able to move around

mobility - the ability to move around
to assure - to guarantee
assurance - guarantee
to recognize - to accept
recognition – acceptance

vokabular značenje

Intergovernmental between governments

committed themselves to six action lines dedicated themselves to six action lines

review progress check progress

to set the agenda set goals, make plans

The Bologna Process is an intergovernmental initiative aimed at creating a European Higher

Education Area and making Europe a world leader in higher education. The process was launched in
June 1999, when higher education ministers from 29 countries committed themselves to six action
lines. Currently there are 48 participating countries. Every two years the ministers meet to review
progress and to set the agenda for the following phase.

1. Write a paragraph about the ways the Bologna Process improved higher education in Europe.
 Economics and Economy

Economics – ekonomija (kao znanost, ono što proučavamo, studiramo) (noun) The study of the way
in which wealth is produced and used.

Economy – ekonomija, gospodarstvo:

1 (noun) The system by which a country’s goods and services are produced and used.
e.g. The transformation from a command economy to a market one.

2 (noun) The careful use of money, goods, time etc. so that nothing is wasted.
e.g. In trying to achieve the economy, the National Health Service is cutting on its spending.

3 (noun) A way of spending less money, the intentional saving of money, or less commonly
the saving of time, energy, words etc.
e.g. They’ve had to make economies since Collin lost his job.

4 (adjective) An economy fare, hotel etc. is cheaper than other things of the same type.
e.g. Kuoni Travel offers a range of economy and medium-priced hotels.

5 (adjective) An economy size product or packet contains more than a normal one and is
cheap compared to the normal size product.
e.g. The small-size offerings that used to fill shelves have been replaced with economy-size
packages.

Economist – ekonomist (noun) Someone who studies the way in which wealth is produced and used
in an area.

Economic – ekonomski, gospodarski

(1) (adjective) Having to do with the production, distribution and consumption of wealth and
income
e.g. economic development / planning / policy

(2) (adjective) Relating to the science of economics, or to commerce and industry.

e.g. economic activity /economic theory

Economical – ekonomično, štedljivo (adjective) Using time, money, goods etc. carefully, without
wasting. e.g. Adults generally watch a movie on video once or twice, making it more economical to
rent than to buy.

Economize (AE) / Economise – ekonomizirati (BE) (verb) To reduce the amount of time, money
goods etc. that you use. e.g. The company will continue to economize by shedding further 2,000 jobs
this year.
Economies of scale – ekonomija razmjera (noun in plural) The advantages that a big factory, shop
etc. has over a smaller one because it can spread its fixed costs over a large number of units and
therefore produce or sell things more cheaply.

 She studied music at Oxford but after a year switched to politics, philosophy and economics.
 The finance minister favours tax cuts to stimulate the economy.
 The slowing global economy has weakened demand for Japan's high-technology exports.
 Macroeconomics is the field of economics that studies the behaviour of the economy as a
whole.
 The word economic is related to the economy or finances, money matters, or wealth.
 Economical refers to avoiding waste.
 Try to be economical with the fabric when you cut out the shapes – we haven’t got any
more.
 There was a rise in unemployment due to the economic downturn.
 An economical car uses a minimum amount of petrol to drive a maximum number of
kilometers.
 The economic climate is slowly improving.
 The country is facing a severe economic crisis.
 The economic climate is not likely to improve significantly this year.
 He expects Europe’s economy over the long run to grow faster.
 What are the prospects for economic recovery?
 The system was extremely economical because it ran on half-price electricity.
 We have to keep fares high enough to make it economic for the services to continue.
 I find the leg room on most economy flights insufficient.
 She has a degree in Economics.
 Consumers are interested in small economical cars which do not use a lot of petrol.
 This region’s economy is still largely based on manufacturing.
 How could the most economical use of our time be organized?
 The national economy is the system of the use and management of a country’s resources.
 Economics is the oldest in social sciences.
 Strikes were damaging the country’s economy.
 What has gone wrong with the economic system?
 J. M. Keynes was a famous economist.
 Choosing your life’s occupation is the most important economic decision you will make.
 The earliest economic theories were explanations of how the economy worked.
 As a scholarly discipline, Economics is two centuries old.
 The political agenda is full of economic issues.
 Many countries tried to economize on fuel in the 1970s.
 Some economic analysis is required here.
 It is usually more economical to buy large quantities of a product than small quantities.
 She majored in Economics at Harvard.
 Fourteen top economists have signed a statement criticizing proposed tax cuts.
 New software was introduced to economize on management costs.
Resources are limited/scarce.
Human wants are unlimited and exceed resources.
The basic economic problem: How to allocate scarce resources?
By implementing an economic system.
What to produce?
How to produce?
For whom to produce?
SCARCITY – oskudnost

- basic economic problem

- limited in supply and demand
- not all resources are scarce: e.g. air, sun…

ECONOMIC SYSTEM – system for allocating scare resources (sustav za alociranje oskudnih resursa)