Mocduwle- De RCUITS: The essential pasts of aio elechse cetudt are soar’ of power (boutery), cond LUSs Cay Hhe curred & Load. Clamp, heats, mois): The source supplies elector eweray jo the Lead leh convent, it 40 peak ow other REO oh eneray- : consider a circudt WWeh cotal os gource CAO, conduck and Loa. og i te ay. = In above cirewb de source 5 cap nected PECAN’ of thes de curred ftows Hort 1b, THe comd AUN Y, meee is conductor wire, The teod fr de crest 1S bib: : qThe rect current starts valtage source TF puta aad) * qe wuystuct plows ap Aer PR the Lead io ig eieewib ys yeserance may ae eased Th GbE, pawl er gama patella - OPPO) de crrodts are claan fed - NY seneg crrewt 2) Pasalled creewt 5) senedr-Pavallel drew b fey V8 yerminad of pe dermoid pleut:Sesyes chrcuait - my pen figure, vesistors are cmnected endl ® eNd, Me VESTS are Tn tener cohen same cunent flows +m! each recep. it Ri Ra Ra 0 i) iia a tz te % a | A “aie & > ae ReSistyr' 2, eral eu ace! Gra eed Ts gene ams dc source Voltage V. Same CUTrent 2 Flows Hr each. fromm olny Law Voltage acmss recites BR) We 1 Ry witege ACerS VEL hyS Ra ts, Vo+tRe Witage @orss yecittor Re iB. Ve-1R3 The wrod Vol toge appl red) 1 erunt & cum ok Wwitages AIWSS Ri (Re QnA Ra. Ve VjitVa 4V2 I LRitRRo+IRe Ve RitRetRadt= Rpt ] wher gre eiteerey @ ee wen Number o} ENTS connected to en eE, Then equovalerd rerliranre is suno of all vestors: Vol DIVO Reale y 2 RitRotPRe Hence Voltage acreu R) fsNye Rt Ne _R) RitRo+R3 volts: Soy VuITage aCoDss Ro 7. Ss 3 e's vastRe = Vy BS RitR2+ee Noe Re v RitRotRa vw} acysss Ra ik Tse “ V2=1Rg Se ggg RE Nig RrtPatke Ryt Ret Re The voltage AMP aesrcs each rector iM Sener crit Ts brectiye pre pysBumal & Hye vaho of lis reeNTAae ts the tod Sewer vesltanie oh the circu bt Paxatiel circusts- The discuJb In Web one era of each vesutance b Jorned a commen poivt and other end rf each rentan is Jopped 4 another common Point sy Hoa there are many paths fr (Urrerd flou0s ot HUM ber of TEINTADIE IS catled paralel dvcuits- x RI COsider Hyrce PEMUTOSS Ri, P2and Ra connected W pavotle) acres courte Wiinge U. Due f Voltage V CUvreud L k10WL SLY Mere are three veriehsst, uo detecuMtind 2 dinded as 1) Hw R,, le He Re and Va tow R2. The valtage across eacis resists |S Same wlhych is mopply witage v. BY ohms Lavo cayreed tre yeriranre By, t= Cured How yea nie Ro. )2= x, came Hm reIuHaNe Ra, 13- igs Novo fos a pavalled Clrait, tote) cured equal fe sum q Groaned curred 1e Le 1p# letds a ee L 2 git ae a ay Ay « Ri pe RB (4 Lhe s. Ve when nurnber of, Mesigtance connected lo patel hen reciprocal 4) feted vesiurance eguet & cur oh yell paws of Ipdadugd ves tan ce. CUM DANO Ruste - consides a pavale cisewit tedin paralled acmss me battens witage “pts dwn pasts ie bs ay how , two reghianiy RERo are c~+mnec WITS: ne tral Lusers t dMdad rhyd Ri and 12 the Re: The trtab veintaoie Reis gved a4 ju ge yi, Bree Rr Rit Be Ripe the Bra vee of, Ped Hepa DLE connected Io paralld equal k praud F Indyatnal rermeanre coudd y Herr SunyThe branch Cutrent can be gived a3 PYRp = Ries. "Rigke CURT FI Ri tie Mog PieR2 gy ’ Rea mA RitRe RA Ry+R2 SI» (Weng thi R2 jo , BR R27 = Rick 5 va ee Be: [ye RitR2 “me ioe ~ Rite Sm pavoule) ce culls chev VEL GISTS, Hoe cURent , : Po ane veri tepce MT the jine (urrenty Amvey He oppogh ves fa N1e dscled lowe cy h poy Fen cranies x) Four vesIsTan (es sh, olbroic values Br, 102,182 and ' ; aor are connected 10 Jened acrvss a looV coUurees HOV \ 4. i thos witage bBicked among the vasous papers ? aI": SVL jo |S OA, WA Ly joov se yu ? eae lon wing aig ue Rrle we cao wie’ fly V tow Op: 2 se gxidd = iov Grio4 1S +20 2 Sick eRe saad t Be wre LAV OAISAZS - Winns 18 gg BEES 09 ——————— ‘ rede ke Ea Naor = ae 2 Se 2 1 &. 20x! de - Lov SH F420 oscx Tuo VESISTSES QR) and Re ave connected in paralled 4 CevfOuN Supply The cured hakeh fram the Supply is sg A. codcmate Hre value of Riv if Ra- Ex and the Current Hrd 21 1s 2A. Also corcnlate teoted power absosbed by crewet: 2: OV a R i Ra- 6S An v Tora current Hyrd tye circuit is sA_we cam cattntet conmtid Povarnng Hy Ro wal ch 15 LUYrend thy Re la=i- 1s S- 2534 when vesishes are io parallel Mey have equad witege stpprg-wsliage Ve TBR =e SRG r \8v SO YENStqnre Ry is Given aw Rie ee = s 4, Bae (Ries) Power absorbed be the cdecwit = fey “127 = (asta + (A KE = 4xg+4 9%6 = 3¢+4S eres) = Sow Power ablorbed ba crete 5 gow [ch SS& colcintote fot the efftedive yesistanle of the circuit of git ee cuyrend Hd gr resistance, Whed polenpbal ek GOV is applied bePpcid A and 8 or 3m Br \\y ve Gov rt gedigues euz-and aia Is Barelleusne aes S08 acnss it & R S 2 iS fen, RPL BR2! . MEL. v "pite2 a 3 “ wr Sica gr ban sel Now Hesjstous 2? ¢ \BRr are 19 SEN * avtoy vesisrance? ay— Rye Rites 20IP => VieGev yes isis 2042 SSvL are parodlel: 2: eguovet ees yeaa ie is 20%, 108-4 Ree BB? - 2° Riae2 20454 a a hee The carts towing Hw | x G2 ves iS 1) oe ary we bist Ble ak Ve 60 Sa RN le * short and open cirauit- when two ferminoals oh a clycuh ave connected ly a waive, 16 CNOWN ab Short crrcedt s + hoa Allowing fearves: eraealy q © U hay cere vesistance: , | ® cuvret Hw! ib vers large © there is no voirage arrest it: when hwo terminals oh a Crewe have wo cored epnecton between them Nov as open cirarit: 7 & ho flowing feownves a) Ut hay ingnike vegicrance B ) current thy is zevd 9D The enbre voltage appears acs it: open ciecuits & showt circuits io a semes circuits wher an open drcuwt appears in sere crit dhe equirmlent vesirance beromes Infinite and 00 Curved flows Ho! the chro E: a Rte B os, See « SE a Rit R240 ca one VAG = VaR t-te Vv = ‘ \ _ yes uten when anest ciscwib appears 19 seo core, He vesutaoe R2 become Uo oe Lye] 2 at 2 a “ete “Bl gee ae -¥ TDEAL AND PRACTICAL VOLTAGE S CURRENT Sh x 2A 5 § A A Bp GA G4, BK B 8Bx Find the curren Homugh Aw ratlitos: \ ev \ oR 2 aA 4 é 50. The givtn drcwlt fs copyesbha cuyrevd source vo ltege godtrce Res TALI 6 22 \ GV + 4. WeT Re Sh2 - a =\0V cA bed The vit courte Jo & GV are 1s Se OPPaHke polawtye smbfoact them. a. copvestT Wel source in StOEA CUMted courte 19 partied sith res MAT with reaHtanie 42ha 2A ape cUYrens courte In parallel. add oe gwbbrack it according fs polatity aa An USING Current bhucion We, He Cursed flowy Hyd AUS resister is 2 2 es BL 4 2) ay ss ye Buys 2.4 oy gga Rais @ 6-8 Pause 133 aa) Ex. Find voltage AUSDSS AV VEDIO Bur Qe \ or aa AD one a -The GVO cieewlt 15 a Shovon io Agure. ee ae ' BR Wh a 4 — 1 \ ( on BA A ' ' \ev Rep Placing ae fours d= LUreend gourreBYL ANd 6 FESICNYS abe in pasaslel, total redrne. is x ‘SBE Pre 2 8 2 18 ate go 2? {Re a Bee yn (2A at 3A in \ \ 7 coves} CUYreud source fo ve yer are )tage source. , 2m at wr DR 6 2R VESMISTS are In sermar odetal retane NS Res opto 4n po aay Jur asp | es - ~ I \ ; comyest vs \tag0 SOUrTE 9 CUES SOUTTE: AALNs 1A 28a. YL pmo eeConver bg curred source te voltage source: an te The curred L dlawrig lye Hr 4 reschos is - AX given ay NW R Aart \rrunr & Laws | 78 ACh) » Vol , ~ tage QISS AW vesicyr °S Vans LR = 78x Ln &S By source fanstsmabon, bhd turestio 22 YEN SOF 1D a Cetus yr Qe + an EY BY Source Jranstesmabon, rd current Hyd 10% VES ePs® Im He ckt ans* 9-9816aC4))# KIRCHHOFE's LAWS - . The entre smdy of electerc drew analyis is bated on Kirtholgs Lavas. Some of the terms yeLared do the kirchopys Laws ave- consides a Hgure a showh. A Ry B RZ We dy Yrs R ot yy 2 { Vv Db Node- A node isa point of alich dveo ar more eemewts are connected dogether. xO V, €R) Connected + Hede AB R,,Roand Ra are omnected to pede B.@ ga v,and yo are connected ts nede Ds Junchon- Gis a Poked on network where Hore oF more clement are comnected. eX ‘ rs Junchon SW p is JUNON Where pod BTS JUNCHON, pod EE ah bho neisory eeMed Vi_Rg and ware conMeded- Dye pocte pat all Hhe ove dre not yu Hoy, Branch ~ An element ov number a Diaerte connected behoeen dwo Nolet Lonth ite aa branch. ex: Rg consist of Hree branched BAD, BcD and @D. BAD consist 6 Ri andy, Bep conGG B Revo able 0B Cosi of RQ. LooP- A loop fs any closed pate ay cient. ey. ABDA, BCoR, ABCBA gee loops: Mech~A meth is malt elementary farm ofa loop and can nod be fisther devided In others loop:ex a Agure ABDA, BCDB are the meth owt ABCDA Ts Oot mesh becawe it Jocludet ABDA, BLOB lowps: Nowe- Ail meches are the loops bwb all loops ave Hot Methesh Kkircholys Cunent lard (ecl) Gis related ds cumend a a junds pond F stores that " The algeboarc SUM of curenk meehng at 4 junchon ow nade in an elechyc chrcest Is 26000" considers a conductor, carsying CUTE I 22, Ta, La and bs.mecting at pod /node/ pin usen o @& shou to Agure- a) 2 13 2I-+o bw 14 ASSUMING peeing Lunrend 4s be powhve and ovdgn ng current b be negabre- T+) +las (lay rise e Litlatlc= Tatil This Law ayo chates Hoot, “sum of cunend flowing quusarelt any Janepen in ad efectne clrewet equalt # Sur & Luyrents flowing ausay frm that Juneson!Kiet od is Voltage Laced (kVL) - Ths law aelades do the elechvmohve free and Witage deops In a creel and stated belovos + ” The Algebras SUM of cl) the WO) tages in any closed civewlt o mesh ox loop is zern”, Me we steed farm any pom +m a closed clrcwit < go bade hy Hhat pot, alter going mund me Clrenlt, there Is MO INcreae de decree 15 potenbal at that poids. Suny Of eMmes and te cur a wil tage aePsS ar se meebnyg 7 the vay Ts r2eeD- valnile applying KVL ds 4 loved loop circle, argebrore SUrT Is Comdidercd. Ub is Trapsvbant t agr pooper sgn + em} and voliage dsvpsin cloed loop aa A nse im Potenbea can be asiummed pee paihve while a tal in potendsa can be eonatdered Negapve- © 14 we go form the posi hve: perrmrnals of He : is . iT baler a source ts negabve permyoal phere Ts fas! 19 prrensnd and 0 the ero} sbmtd be assigned a 5740: While i, we ge burn Hggadve jeerDlont & Pee ferminal a barter re Here HL wse 10 patenbal 14} treated A poornve: Al —|t-—- > fain porential- © when the cunt dows Hor a restitse, there if Yoltage dovp anrass 14.24 we go thi the renitve /p tbe same drechoP as ured, Here 6 fell }o pohernBed and sien of witage dovp I Negabve- rh we go opposite ® the neg ahve poohve Rise Id potewhal:AreHON of CUTE GUD, Here 1s wse IP polenta) and treated as pondre. z+ = & >We sae —wwywse —> — Fallin pokerpal Rise in Volbeuse- Solving cir(wt Problems using kirchhebgi lowe ) Assurme uninovon cuvrecd and show Me dredcdons, » wate KVL for atl loops: » Im a so)~Kon if he value oh any Unknoven cunecdt come out ts be Degoabve, jt means Hoad aubyad dire don Sh He LUVreS TL OPPOSITE fs Hoot of assumed clive chon: Ex: By using Kirchhohis lavas, coronlate Hae branch cunent in the arcuit chown. ave A 1 3sv wn The muen circuit can be simplibed with cuncsd CoMVEHHONY 0) Showy belovo A0v B29, SOV rs 5, BAe Bl any, Ty UA, 4ov 36v an D Applying circhhofts Voltage 14% ts |oop ABDA: 30; —2 Clie) 4+3s=0 “BLY co 2 2layaer 0 -Si\-2124+36+0 UF ale Bae -- 2 QOApple KVL Joop AlacnA “3144 Ta-a0 48520 ~3T)4+4lo-o=0 “Blituta=s$ --- @ from ero <@ T=SA and lee TA [T30° SAC Trace (9), fans ACS] EX Detesmine He turret supplied be the nye. io he ciscwt shown. Thu jooud A \oor Q {oov Spon Boo SO c Poon so’. congtdes a circwit with cred canventson (ey) OW Ae LOR \oov teens = 300. son he es, e x+y © 10%) eve ay Frppl» KVL qe the loop ARCA, Wwe get: —)00% 2002+ M04 O ~e-BerSyco x-syssze0 77 @ simill» apply KYL to [00P BCDB =3002- 100 Ye2S4 CVO(Y-2D=0 ~3002 -10B4 joe +OX— Mo? = on s = Po 1o0Y-goo2=0 eeequgeeg. 1bSimpillary apply KYL ABD EA 100% ~90 (K-29 4100 -j00 (~+4y) =O “WOX— NOX +THo2 +4100 -lo03¢-o04=0 “700 Xloo ga sya +loo=0 “TXMAS +) =O TMAYSB=L oo @ BY selang ef © @ & © simultaneously. we ger M=o02A 4? OFA 7g 2 EO] > + Hee current Suppl red lop Fhe botter fs 2+, BOTS = OAM A -o3ACD Ex: PetesMINE He Curent Hurd row vegisroy in the Uscait Shown. \Dov k 8 % J& Se © \} ww 2T0Vv oe Soi considers cursed convenbon in given Cithit dagram, A Cid » & Apply KVL te loop ABEDA ~2ela—jo (Ja-ag) suse 0 ~2012—-loT2+)01g4+\S=0 Ra Tsoyeg, athe CIe*2Ien¢Apply KUL te loop BCFEB “120 +197, +31e42032=50 ANZOFIST/ +S lg420I20°9 IST 4512 420I9+120 ISI) + Dola+slgzl20 ) APPIy the KVL ts loop DEFHGD dU +Gtayige2y..-@ 10 ( fa-ls)-S1a-s(13-2)) +20 <0 NOT210T3-S13-Sig4 sli 42020 SU+lolg~2013 420-0 SI\ +10la -20T2 =-20 U+2le-4ige-4 ~---@ By sol wong three Simritanesvy eq uadbohs we get Fi=Z.cQA, 122 894A 1a 452K . ’ igor is The currecd plowing tha 2ovr Yeates Loon. 255A [Lean22: 554A Ee Foe the network shown ID Bgure: Detesmine a) Uy, la and T3 6) Resichance R and © Yalue of erg & “1 5. constolew the Agure with nobNS Lier noc.2 Boy E € ® AL node c appl» kel, we have a= O StL aS A Nae 1S Apply KUL tS loop AcRA “20 430(0'S)4+US-Sot,-25 =o ~20+IS44S5_pl)-2520 - PI +IS=0 YE: oan, Geos) AL Node A apply Kel —Ujy+ig4+l= 0 -lLy+latizo0 —OStiat/=o Te -o7+0 tas -o-7a [Fge-o 2A | ) Apply the EUL ds looP ADcA. “30-I18R440la+20 =0 -30-b0-7xR)+40C1 5) +2020 ~30407R4G6042020 FO 7RET=O R=-S/o7 =- 74a [Re VIER) O At Node D by applying kel cumend io Hranth DEBT Tetlas psteazy = a BA APPly KVL to lop pe aco — 0-828) 46-30-1008) -4S~ -SHBO-HOCLT) =O “WW +E-30- g-ue-1S-co20 E-I7420) EzI7bVv&& Determine the polnial difreente vas forgiven 1A au. vase q SY Theres gu r= gv 8B : i Sols The given cireudt BB ad shown, ; A 24 Bn joe © 2K. 2 ae Nee av , is) AS veo Stes o B25 connected acres 4 chart Crewe, Hence it get shorted - A Loe oe 7H ‘av 2a The cunewt 1B given ay bie So ach & Ine oa Pokehhol dHeve bie Vag= Av-VB., APP)» KVL be Path ASB VA- 27) +8 - Si2-Ve:0 VA= 2(2.5 49-002) -Vg2 0 VaA-Vacr7 ; Be whetis the Pd bef pt rey ry nla, ces a# STNR- DELTA CY- A) TRANUFORM ATION wher a ci¥cdt can't be solved |sirmplibed by Normal semes pavallel veduchon tedorique ie in a OVEN Netwosk Tf no vesishws ave in Sener vy parallel comnechon- Then cravi delta hransfes mation can be Wed bs crive |veduce the gesutyr nehoork. Rela conmectoalh (ps) Rgure Shows Hhree vecisiwrs Ra Re and Re connected in delta. Re Re Be RA 3 Shaw conn echen cy) Bgure chows three vesigves 81,22 and Rs are CWnnectecl 19 spark: 2 Ke) these two Netusarlts wil} be elect col» equveley if the vesiganre ac Meaiured belPany par of, Herminals Tse Sarne 19 both Me areangernes : Delta tp Star Transform abo - ; consider a datta of alshown . RAThe resistance bey poiht pand 2 = Rel Ra+ea) Re (RA+RB) . Ret Rates 0 considers shas Netoris ay shovon The vecishance betWeenh fermjnal ) ande = kitR2 ---@) SIME br nehwodrls are elechd coll» equoveteed ‘ RitRe = Re CRATRB) “@ Ra+egtrke Siem jlav) RatRa= Rackatke) © RAtRBTEC and RatRi = Fs CRAtRe?) a) Rate etic Subhraching eg Ofrrm © Ri~ kg = ReCRathe)_ RA (REtEC) RarRerhe = PAtRE ERC = Rube rape —paee-Pgee FAtRB+RE Respar = ERESORAEE ceo RatRBtRe Adding © rdhng ef (9 @ and@ 2 2 Ri RotRoRgrReapi= RARBRe fe RARER 3, Rees CRATRRHPCY CRatRateeY — CRneeareed? © Rareeec CRateps+ eed RORERE UMTS EELS Gat ee+eed% RiRovRoRaseaeg, = RARGRC Ceareg+ee) = RA-RI Les pce BEES | Rar Rorec = RRR La pore SEBEL. a Rar+Rore e ReRS [as gg BARS ‘| Ra+RGtReHence Qi Pr + R2e3 +R) R= —————— = Roteg + F223 Ry RY Rye RRATRARZ TRARY _ Cpe e RRS —— Re == Ro Re RiRZ+R2RS+RIR! _ o yens BR? Re 1S THUY delta YELIShTS bemreen Hye two Jerminal ts He sum of Neo stay vesisives connected $ the same terminals plus pouduct of the two vesivisxs duced by remaining third Shay reshsbyss- Summary - ' i i we RS x ay 2 Delta ‘ae stow 2 pata te stax star te Delro ~ ReRE Rye oR e + RAR RM RBARC Rae Ratha ey fee BA BE. Rez Ritksr PRB Rare yr ee ee fo- Fate. Rex Riteer REE RArRE+RC Rs Ex Find the equvelerd yesistance behween He deren) nd KX andt inthe niwW shown.Sol Tne given circuit bagsarm is ae ee Be a Making the dHererd \ Dols in given nlw. Copverbng the delta connection fsxmed Lon Az, 241 «by Ves ISTPOY LIA eqwvaled sive nennors. ic AABC a YT ABC . cht dragravm fs a howh. y= ARE es SL wien, Afite 12 Ret GB yl = lee AY2te 12 Raz SAY 24 Gtatk 1a is; bas + 4. a y Sn Novo the vests 22262 and 12 E72 ate 19 Senes the equivalend vesithanie [5 Rey = 2AxER= BUD , Rear |RtT= WB 4 0-672 The vesithss ar +d are to parodied eq ur etd yegisiante fs 2 PAB OU Lan TS 6 See ee eea x % ouee ves) tors OG72 RA aVe. & In seed. + equivalend an An yesistance is ¥ D Rye O67THYE HET an f Kean * = the equovalent vesistance AsGpn ber say terminal is aw 7 . _ . Rre 2RAYCTA +2 x = S672 x { we Rr= BGT ¥ Oe Find Hoe equvatent vesistance betwee serra als A and @ to the piv shown - A gr Re ree Ba c aR > so”. constdew the drcwlt w shown in figure A en RA c aaa Dd Copvey DRG He delta comnechod Fervoed le 22,22 20 ads shar Neork: 4 ¢BP =YXCBDwe have £)>Re=Ras EOE oe AR +egyoR S$ The Simplified Kt deagrany is a R a eR “aR The vesisows pe 21RD Sema: + fotar resispance ts Rr: R+Zp = BRtaRr ok 3 i er => The Be 3 Thiet HES Se obs, aFallel, otetel Haidiedbe 3 et, 4 Rr= SJgxSta _ 2S79R_ Eg . Sy Tet Tg lak 4,1, © A, DR eR Bar’ The reGstews alk and Sek ake tn seng.s. Rr- 2 ™ getee OU, ge~ oe The WIGS RK aK are io parole. = STA RE Fae vesirance is é . Khroee set. op 3 > as arta, aR 7 Reba B aGe Find 4 i e current He the nJw show 19 figure. tT joov 3 a SOs Tine BiVEN Netwsooic IS joo SeDVOEh YS he Stuw Nefework fssmed by svr,lon and ion vesideor te clelFa Nehworkue BBED do ABED Raz Stilo + SHO — 1\StS> 201 Ry= jotlo+ 1oAIS . got20* 40% Rae ee Se) Oh AUS re. aapaleek BOR. The vents $2 4202 and 4or eS axe 10 Pavatleb: S Dt) veslera re fs2oxt ISK OL Bip OMS oe LOS ns pase H 2ot+s R t Ry Shows 20 seing ef’ 0 © <@ we get N= 36M, Vas s0v, va: ev The Vamaus currents are = ro mje Nis. 34 2 IQA = 22 2 tga MINS 4 BREAE 2 Be, aa 10 10 To" Ve Na-NV3 2 mO=1E nap [he (BA, a2 BA, Tos 2A, 14H HA, 1s HATE GAY , Super Node Analysis - A Voltage Source behween two nodes male Hem to be supevnode- IN thar cate separate equakon Fs obbaned loeburteD Pwo Haded and these po nader dre combined dumag the pode) analysis: & Find she cunent thd jon vechetos aa thaw 19 Ag ure USING node analysis - St oa toa DIA ol showing the nodes and uncnaon CUYred recbonsFrom Supernede VANB= [0 ----@ Appl» KcL on SiPex pode V4tlot+tg—\-ry=0 NOVB YL VA-0 | YB-0 _ — \-s = os co \o cil = Va EB NUE ont = oe s 10 VA+VB = eis 8 2VAtVR =10 --"® lo Sling <1 © <@® we_gey VR 6-G7V & Vg =-3:33 Wits Hence (Ute Flow ng tal love ves tos 1S Tge Varo _ .g-az a a eS 2-0-3BA Tiov2 = 033A (4) & Bad the curecud Ho! aur rashctvs au shown ie fgure AD a ay uw ® oe Sol, considers a crecuit with bee! © adsign mens and cured drecsons ad shown: 2fom Super Opole Vers wi ----O ADPl~ KcL ad nocke A Vaziov -- @ APPIY Kel at srperPode (pede gec) 1a-lg-te+ta-o VAN®_ vR~0 _vr-o0 4 VA-vo “=F Sr =o z é te 8 2 18 he em) we, eS Be & ¢€ ~ op v: 1 z *(3+8) ~¥8( 442) ve Chu) e. YaC3\ vB S\ vc (18 \ 2 aC) a0) Ve thy 5 ATTVA = O625VR=O-4) b7VC=0 PY Va =lov in ab eguedson = 0-625VB- 0-4fe7Vie 47.520 oO: GISNE HOA VE = He © salting ef @ £D we get VA=|oV vgs H2v Not 42v THEMES CUYeE wt Flowing Hav! 42 veslepor . Tage fge VAVe pease. SB Pasa A 4 4 [Tanz 14va >) & Bnd wliage THUS gr vesishers Using node analysis tov aa nw Vew =Ve = 201 SA gr AwTHEVENIN’'s THEOREM ~ U states Hood,"Any woo fermi pod complex nehoorc Can be veplaced by equivalent Vovjage:couvce (erm Thevenris Ww lrage |v rh) 1D Sened with equovalent vesiten ce (Thevenis vegicran te)" the Ve linge source TS the Volhaye acrdss two fetrmin- wlth load, ‘Lany removed. the sever vesishanie & Hie VESISTANCE Of the Nehwovk Measured bel? Koo terminals wits lead removed. The constant Voltage source veplaced by Tprernal resiuteance Cif Mot given Hen chop ciecnit) and Constant current source stplaced by Mferha) pengrance ax Open circus Ker Infinite veslstance if not given - Covoplex Netwoowk STEPS fo ve followed 19 Theyenins Thearem - © Remove the \oad resictance @L. © Ford oper cicted Voltage Veh acrss the polnd A28 Cremave the vecitance acre tly we have calinlale CANT Hoe (£) ® Brod roe vecithance Reh as seem Foro pont Aand 8 Wit) Voltage cource and current cource replaced 6p inher od resichance. ® Replace the network oy a Ww \ tage Louree Veh in ceneg wlth vesicrance Reh - ®© find the CUrreud Hrrigh RL wing abis@ aay figpe Neb Rrh+Rb&& -Petermine Hye cursent Phrygh oN resjystos iN the netvoork as shovon . by thevenin's theorem: 6 me cied or 2V We have te determine current Hrd suy vecictor she vesieter can be called as load vesiekunce RL, Ferm Oa Re Bare catled load terminal. oR 20 Ww) iS it, 26V Sheps ® erlewabon o Veh ~ Removing load vasichince fore the eho ark sors A lov \ Ger an A ae ae Qw (bares eho) Megha nes ie 2oeVv AS © cCalcuiate wi tage Vth acyyss derminay Ae B whseh is wi Tage given 4 “Nth = 32-law4$20-0 seNthe +3 (1g- ta)+2020 -Yrh~ 3tat3te+20£0 “Vth 4+3to 42020 Vrh-Vags 3t2%20 “~-O T catewtate to OPPly vl at mech |VO = Gte— Vhs Ee) =, W9-- 694 > 24 has o \O: SAPP LSE! . TAy-teeyo --- -@ APP)Y ISVL ts mesh o ~ 213 $3 Cte S16 Iga’) <6 "BERR Stoet 54.2, ae W-6t2 20 ---@® By ssring eq <® we get Tie VAC ACL) toe 0-249 A Ce) Pry Hhe value 44, 1219 eg © Yrs 3X0-244420 = 0'732 4202 20'732V @ calcwlebon sf, Reh - Remon load vesiitan(e froro the pefwore and replacing voltage gowrce be TPF a revietance or chery cotwt TF Hot given, replace cummed Loure oF iWwermeal WIGAN oe open circuit ff Not given. Gr Iw & mn Bu a GEIL ARIO parallel. whys SAL = oes712 TN A 30 OW & OBST] oe 19 See? OBSTy, 8 VRrs 2an+o387) SRS Tie A ROSES 324 2.RETIR are lh pavrle arg an 8 Pigg. Wessel) Madees B+2-257) ie ie .Rebs Rage le agg Reb: )G63anr ® cabewhahon of load cunent - Theve ning equvatect ciriwt is a whown LU By obras law eo rr S02 Pigs OMS. ool tas, - : Poses ues . = Bia) ACY) Tgee 8-21 ACL) eee Bel A ey | EX: determing Hye cuveent Phov! (sur vesisgsy Tn a nebvoric OA show) boy Hhevenin Heo: ge on TS r Sy i 20V ge ev. se The (UM dt Lsun vesigtor IS reqalred. 1S 15 called ay load veslupanie. termina a<@ is culled load FEYMIN ar- Qu ee as A or Sov ese ee 8 6v © carerotion dvr - femuve load reictance Rp 1 -rr.a aw The volt acerss term mad ALB is VABe Veh - Theeemne Voltage The Vag 1s gpren w “646 (38-SaeCReeT Eevee | "676 L226 5) =Ving: VaR C7 484 APD kvL at mesh |. “Bi -v.s (nj tay Gy EO mShl 7-84) Pesta Et) eo H22°SI #751220 ~--- © RPPIY KYL F meh® —TS(Lo-ED) -30-£ Ta t0 “PEL a st TShy- B29 -S1La to 7ST) —-\2-St.2 230 an ewe ot BY SANG FO © we ger £)Sa%, ae kD Prd value F< L2 to ex) © VABe Nebo G (a) eS (3) 7G = FOHIS TE HAG @ colemahon go Reh Remenng load reticfanie from the cic oe cn 72 Resivnrr 7:6 2FN are ip % Pawedlet. 2 feta) reydane a Ure TAL. BR 5 DFAS