DRUG EDUCATION AND VICE CONTROL
prescription.
Drug
- defined as chemical substance which, when
introduced into the body, produces changes in
its function (Guevara,2014).
- it is any substance that produces physiological
changes when introduced to the body (Ganzon,
2015).
- is any chemical substance which by virtue of its
chemical nature, alters the structure and
functioning of a living organism or in its broadest
term, is a chemical substance that has known
biological effects on humans or other animals
(Soriano, 2017).
- any substance (other than food that provides
nutritional support), that when inhaled, injected,
smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the
skin or dissolved under the tongue causes a
physiological change in the body (Web Sources).
The common methods of administration are
the following:
1. Oral - this is the safest most convenient and
economical route whenever possible.
Example: Alcohol, Marijuana, and Ecstasy
2. Injection - this form of drug administration
offers a faster response than the oral method. It
makes use of a needle or other device to deliver
the drugs directly into the body tissue and blood
circulation.
Ex.: Heroin, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine
3. Inhalation - this route makes use of gaseous
and volatile drugs, which are inhaled and
absorbed rapidly through the mucous of the
respiratory tract.
Ex.: Solvents: paint thinner, degreaser, gasoline,
lighter fluid, dry cleaning fluids
4. Topical - this refers to the application of
drugs directly to a body site such as the skin and
the mucous membrane.
Ex.: Can be applied to the skin include liniments,
gels, creams, ointments and lotions.
5. Iontophoresis - the introduction of drugs into
the deeper layers of the skin by the use of
special type of electric current for local effect.
Ex.: Used in physical therapy.
General Classification of Drugs:
1. Pharmaceutical Drugs- “Medicines”
pharmaceutical drugs are chemical substances
used to treat, cure, prevent, diagnose a disease,
improve physical health, or promote well-being.
A. Over-the-Counter Drugs
Are medicines sold directly to a consumer
without a prescription from a healthcare
professional or attending physician.
B. Prescriptive Drugs
While OTC drugs are available in the
market without special restrictions,
prescription drugs on the other hand require
a prescription from a medical practitioner for
their purchase. They are always required to
pass over the counter from the pharmacist
to the customer after the former has
validated the prescription of the medical
practitioner.
2. Psychoactive Drugs- Also known as
“recreational drugs”, these drugs are chemical
substances that affect the central nervous
system and are used for pleasure though some
are used for medical purposes upon a valid
A. THE DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)
These are drugs which suppress vital
body functions especially those of the brain or
central nervous system with the resulting
impairment of judgement, hearing, speech and
muscular coordination.
1. Narcotics - are drugs which produce
insensitivity, stupor, melancholy or dullness of
mind with delusions.
Opium, heroin, codein, and morphine are the
most popular of narcotics.
3. Opium - derived from a poppy plant –
Papaver somniferum popularly known as “gum”,
“gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”.
4. Morphine - most commonly used and best
used opiate. Effective as a painkiller six times
potent than opium, with a high dependence -
producing potential. Morphine exerts action
characterized be analgesia, drowsiness, mood
changes, and mental clouding. Primarily used to
treat both acute and chronic severe pain.
5. Heroin - is three to five times more powerful
than morphine from which it is derived and the
most addicting opium derivative.
6. Codeine - a derivative of morphine,
commonly available in cough syrup preparations.
7. Paregoric - a tincture of opium in combination
with camphor. Commonly used as a household
remedy for diarrhea and abdominal pain.
8. Demerol and Methadone - common
synthetic drugs with morphine – like effects.
9. Barbiturates - are central nervous
depressants. They reduce the activity of nerves
causing muscle relaxation. They can reduce
heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
10. Tranquilizers - are drugs that calm and
relax and diminish anxiety. They are used in the
treatment of nervous states and some mental
disorders without producing sleep.
11. Alcohol - the king of all drugs with potential
for abuse. Most widely used, socially accepted
and most extensively legalized drug throughout
the world.
Ex.: Beers, Wines, Spirits, Liqueurs
B. THE STIMULANTS (UPPERS)
These produce effects opposite to that
of depressants. Instead of bringing about
relaxation and sleep, they produce increased
mental alertness, wakefulness, reduce hunger,
and provide a feeling of well being.
1. Amphetamines - used medically for weight
reducing in obesity, relief of mild depression and
treatment.
2. Cocaine - taken orally, injected or sniffed as
to achieve euphoria or an intense feeling of
“highness”.
3. Caffeine - it is present in coffee, tea,
chocolate, cola drinks, and some wake-up pills.
4. Shabu/ “poor man’s cocaine” - chemically
known as methamphetamine. It is a central
nervous system stimulant and sometimes called
“upper” or “speed”. It is white, colorless crystal
or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.
It can be taken orally, inhale (snorted), sniffed
(chasing the dragon) or injected.
5. Nicotine - an active component in tobacco
which acts as a powerful stimulant of the central
nervous system. A drop of pure nicotine can
easily kill a person.
C. THE HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)
They consist of a variety of mind-altering
drugs, which distort reality, thinking and
perceptions of time, sound, space and
sensation.
1. Marijuana - It is the most commonly abused
hallucinogen in the Philippines. Marijuana is a
mixture of leaves, stems, and flowering tops also
known scientifically as Cannabis Sativa Lima,
smoked or eaten for its pleasure-giving effects.
Its leaves formed a finger-like look-odd in
numbers from 3 up to 5 fingerlike
leaves.
- The female plant is known as the Pistillate
(shorter but long lived).
- The male plant is called the Staminate (taller
but short lived).
CANNABIS INDICA CANNABIS SATIVA
Short, bushy plants Tall and thin with
with wide leaves. narrow leaves.
Darker in shade of Lighter shade of
green. green.
Grow faster Take longer to grow,
mature.
Less Light More Light
Cannot grow and Can grow and cultivate
cultivate in the in the
Philippines Philippines
2. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) -
Extremely potent hallucinogen. It is synthetically
made from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot,
a fungus that grows on rye and other grains.
3. Peyote - Peyote is derived from the surface
part of a small gray brown cactus.
4. Mescaline - It is the alkaloid hallucinogen
extracted from the peyote cactus and can also
be synthesized in the laboratory.
5. STP - It is a take-off on the motor oil additive.
It is a chemical derivative of mescaline claimed
to produce more violent and longer effects than
mescaline dose.
6. Psilocybin - This hallucinogenic alkaloid from
small Mexican mushrooms are used by Mexican
Indians today.
7. Morning Glory Seeds - The black and brown
seeds of the wild tropical morning glory that are
used to
produce hallucinations.
=====================================
DDB and PDEA (RA. 9165)
Section 77. The Dangerous Drugs Board. –
The Board shall be the policy- making and
strategy- formulating body in the planning and
formulation of policies and programs on drug
prevention and control.It shall develop and adopt
a comprehensive, integrated, unified and
balanced national drug abuse prevention and
control strategy. It shall be under the Office of
the President.
Section 78. Composition of the Board. – The
Board shall be composed of seventeen (17)
members wherein three (3) of which are
permanent members, the other twelve (12)
members shall be in an ex- officio capacity and
the two (2) shall be regular members.
The three (3) permanent members, who shall
possess at least seven-year training and
experience in the field of dangerous drugs and
in any of the following fields: in law, medicine,
criminology, psychology or social work, shall be
appointed by the President of the Philippines.
The President shall designate a Chairman, who
shall have the rank of a secretary from among
the three (3) permanent members who shall
serve for six (6) years. Of the two (2) other
members, who shall both have the rank of
undersecretary, one (1) shall serve for four (4)
years and the other for two (2) years. Thereafter,
the persons appointed to succeed such
members shall hold office for a term of six (6)
years and until their successors shall have been
duly appointed and qualified. The other twelve
(12) members who shall be ex officio members
of the Board are the following:
(1) Secretary of the Department of Justice or
his/her representative;
(2) Secretary of the Department of Health or
his/her representative;
(3) Secretary of the Department of National
Defense or his/her representative;
(4) Secretary of the Department of Finance or
his/her representative;
(5) Secretary of the Department of Labor and
Employment or his/her representative;
(6) Secretary of the Department of the Interior
and Local Government or his/her
representative;
(7) Secretary of the Department of Social
Welfare and Development or his/her
representative;
(8) Secretary of the Department of Foreign
Affairs or his/her representative;
(9) Secretary of the Department of Education or
his/her representative;
(10) Chairman of the Commission on Higher
Education or his/her representative;
(11) Chairman of the National Youth
Commission;
(12) Director General of the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency.
Cabinet secretaries who are members of the
Board may designate their duly authorized and
permanent representatives whose ranks shall in
no case be lower than undersecretary.
The two (2) regular members shall be as follows:
(a) The president of the Integrated Bar of the
Philippines; and
(b) The chairman or president of a non-
government organization involved in dangerous
drug campaign to be appointed by the President
of the Philippines.
The Director of the NBI and the Chief of the PNP
shall be the permanent consultants of the Board,
and shall attend all the meetings of the Board.
Section 81. Powers and Duties of the Board.
– The Board shall:
1. Formulation of Drug Prevention and Control
Strategy.
2. Promulgation of Rules and Regulation to carry
out the purposes of this Act.
3. Conduct policy studies and researches.
4. Develop educational programs and info drive.
5. Conduct continuing seminars and
consultations.
6. Design special training.
7. Coordination with agencies for community
service programs.
8. Maintain international networking.
PDEA: PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY
Highest Position in the organization: Director
General
Second in Command:
a. Deputy Director General for Administration
b. Deputy Director General for Operations
Nature: Enforcement Arm of the Philippine
Government against Illegal Drugs
The enactment of R.A. 9165 reorganized the
Philippine drug law enforcement system. While
the Dangerous Drugs Board remains as the
policy-making and strategy-formulating body in
planning and formulation of policies and
program on drug control and prevention, it
created the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency under the Office of the President.
Section 82. Creation of the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA). - To carry out
the provisions of this Act, the PDEA, which
serves as the implementing arm of the Board,
and shall be responsible for the efficient and
effective law enforcement of all the provisions on
any dangerous drug and/or controlled
precursor and essential chemical as provided in
this Act.
The Director General of the PDEA:
- shall be appointed by the President of the
Philippines
- shall perform such other duties that may be
assigned to him/her.
- He/she must possess adequate knowledge,
training and experience in the field of dangerous
drugs, and in any of the following fields:
- He/she must either be law enforcement, law,
medicine, criminology, psychology or social work.
=====================================
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
AN ACT INSTITUTING THE COMPREHENSIVE
DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002,
REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED,
PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES
Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known
and cited as the "Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002".
ARTICLE I. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Section 3. Definitions. As used in this Act, the
following terms shall mean:
(a) Administer. - Any act of introducing any
dangerous drug into the body of any person,
with or without his/her knowledge, by injection,
inhalation, ingestion or other means, or of
committing any act of indispensable assistance
to a person in administering a dangerous drug to
himself/herself unless administered by a duly
licensed practitioner for purposes of medication.
Example:
Ramon and Elise went to a local bar, Ramon
secretly slip roofies into the drink of Elise
before she drunk it. The moment that Ramon
mix drugs in the drink of Elise this is already a
form of administer.
(b) Board. - Refers to the Dangerous Drugs
Board under Section 77, Article IX of this Act.
(c) Centers. - Any of the treatment and
rehabilitation centers for drug dependents
referred to in Section 34, Article VIII of this Act.
(d) Chemical Diversion. - The sale, distribution,
supply or transport of legitimately imported, in-
transit, manufactured or procured controlled
precursors and essential chemicals, in diluted,
mixtures or in concentrated form, to any person
or entity engaged in the manufacture of any
dangerous drug, and shall include packaging,
repackaging, labeling, relabeling or concealment
of such transaction through fraud, destruction of
documents, fraudulent use of permits,
misdeclaration, use of front companies or mail
fraud.
(e) Clandestine Laboratory. - Any facility used
for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical.
Example: MALABON CITY, April 13 (PIA) --
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
(PDEA) has dismantled a clandestine laboratory
located at a hicg class condominium utilized in
the manufacture of ecstasy, a party drug, during
the implementation of a search warrant in
Malabon.
(f) Confirmatory Test. - An analytical test using
a device, tool or equipment with a different
chemical or physical principle that is more
specific which will validate and confirm the result
of the screening test.
(g) Controlled Delivery. - The investigative
technique of allowing an unlawful or suspect
consignment of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical,
equipment or paraphernalia, or property
believed to be derived directly or indirectly from
any offense, to pass into, through or out of the
country under the supervision of an authorized
officer, with a view to gathering evidence to
identify any person involved in any dangerous
drugs related offense, or to facilitate prosecution
of that offense.
Example:
Jose a PDEA agent went undercover, following
the directive of his superior went to delivery 300
grams of marijuana to Sinaloa Cartel, this is for
the bureau to build up relevant and competent
evidence, which are vital in the development of a
drug case against the Sinaloa Cartel.
(h) Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals. - Include those listed in Tables I and
II of the 1988 UN Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances as enumerated in the
attached annex, which is an integral part of this
Act.
(i) Cultivate or Culture. - Any act of knowingly
planting, growing, raising, or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant which is
the source of a dangerous drug.
(j) Dangerous Drugs. - Include those listed in
the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single
Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by
the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules
annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on
Psychotropic Substances as enumerated in the
attached annex which is an integral part of
this Act.
(k) Deliver. - Any act of knowingly passing a
dangerous drug to another, personally or
otherwise, and by any means, with or without
consideration.
(l) Den, Dive or Resort. - A place where any
dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and
essential chemical is administered, delivered,
stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or
used in any form.
(m) Dispense. - Any act of giving away, selling
or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug
with or without the use of prescription.
(n) Drug Dependence. - As based on the World
Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of
physiological, behavioral and cognitive
phenomena of variable intensity, in which the
use of psychoactive drug takes on a high priority
thereby involving, among others, a strong desire
or a sense of compulsion to take the substance
and the difficulties in controlling substance-
taking behavior in terms of its onset,
termination, or levels of use.
(o) Drug Syndicate. - Any organized group of
two (2) or more persons forming or joining
together with the intention of committing any
offense prescribed under this Act.
(p) Employee of Den, Dive or Resort. - The
caretaker, helper, watchman, lookout, and other
persons working in the den, dive or resort,
employed by the maintainer, owner and/or
operator where any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical is
administered, delivered, distributed, sold or used,
with or without compensation, in connection with
the operation thereof.
(q) Financier. - Any person who pays for, raises
or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the
illegal activities prescribed under this Act.
(r) Illegal Trafficking. - The illegal cultivation,
culture, delivery, administration, dispensation,
manufacture, sale, trading, transportation,
distribution, importation, exportation and
possession of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.
(s) Instrument. - Any thing that is used in or
intended to be used in any manner in the
commission of illegal drug trafficking or related
offenses.
Example:
In 2018, mail and parcel interdiction operations
in airports and seaports resulted in the arrest of
11 consignees and seizure of 94.67 kg. of shabu,
16,713 pieces of ecstasy tablets, and 1,109.5
grams of marijuana kush, a hybrid marijuana,
with a total estimated market value of
PHP672,161,877.88.
(https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1058915)
(t) Laboratory Equipment. - The paraphernalia,
apparatus, materials or appliances when used,
intended for use or designed for use in the
manufacture of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical,
such as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying
equipment, fermentors, separatory funnel,
flask, heating mantle, gas generator, or their
substitute.
Example:
A house may be a meth lab if you notice the
following inside:
1. Ammonia.
2. Camping fuel.
3. Empty pill bottles, and cans of alcohol,
toluene, and paint thinner.
4. Funnels.
5. Lab equipment, like glass tubes, beakers,
6. Bunsen burners, and large plastic
containers.
7. Many stoves, hot plates, or blow torches.
8. Melted pots and pans.
9. Numerous cold medicines or non-
prescription weight-loss pills.
10. Plastic tubes.
11. Propane tanks.
12. Red-stained coffee filters.
13. Starter fluid.
(u) Manufacture. - The production, preparation,
compounding or processing of any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical, either directly or indirectly or by
extraction from substances of natural origin, or
independently by means of chemical synthesis
or by a combination of extraction and
chemical synthesis, and shall include any
packaging or repackaging of such substances,
design or configuration of its form, or labeling or
relabeling of its container; except that such
terms do not include the preparation,
compounding, packaging or labeling of a drug or
other substances by a duly authorized
practitioner as an incident to his/her
administration or dispensation of such drug or
substance in the course of his/her professional
practice including research, teaching and
chemical analysis of dangerous drugs or
such substances that are not intended for sale
or for any other purpose.
(v) Cannabis or commonly known as
"Marijuana" or "Indian Hemp" or by its any
other name. - Embraces every kind, class,
genus, or specie of the plant Cannabis sativa L.
including, but not limited to, Cannabis americana,
hashish, bhang, guaza, churrus and ganjab, and
embraces every kind, class and character of
marijuana, whether dried or fresh and flowering,
flowering or fruiting tops, or any part orportion of
the plant and seeds thereof, and all its
geographic varieties, whether as a reefer, resin,
extract, tincture or in any form whatsoever.
(w) Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy",
or by its any other name. - Refers to the drug
having such chemical composition, including any
of its isomers or derivatives in any form.
(x) Methamphetamine Hydrochloride or
commonly known as "Shabu", "Ice", "Meth",
or by its any other name. - Refers to the drug
having such chemical composition, including any
of its isomers or derivatives in any form.
(y) Opium. - Refers to the coagulated juice of
the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and
embraces every kind, class and character of
opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or
refuse of the same; narcotic preparations thereof
or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium;
preparations in which opium, morphine or any
alkaloid of opium enters as an ingredient; opium
poppy; opium poppy straw; and
leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether
prepared for use or not.
(z) Opium Poppy. - Refers to any part of the
plant of the species Papaver somniferum L.,
Papaver setigerum DC, Papaver orientale,
Papaver bracteatum and Papaver rhoeas, which
includes the seeds, straws, branches, leaves or
any part thereof, or substances derived
therefrom, even for floral, decorative and
culinary purposes.
(aa) PDEA. - Refers to the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency under Section 82, Article
IX of this Act.
(bb) Person. - Any entity, natural or juridical,
including among others, a corporation,
partnership, trust or estate, joint stock company,
association, syndicate, joint venture or other
unincorporated organization or group capable of
acquiring rights or entering into obligations.
(cc) Planting of Evidence. - The willful act by
any person of maliciously and surreptitiously
inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or
indirectly, through any overt or covert act,
whatever quantity of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical in
the person, house, effects or in the
immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for
the purpose of implicating, incriminating or
imputing the
commission of any violation of this Act.
Example: PCpl. Abo issued a warrant of arrest
to Mr. Lao, a suspected drug pusher. To
strengthen the case
against Mr. Lao, upon the suspects arrest PCpl.
Abo covertly placed a sachet of shabu in Mr.
Lao pocket.
(dd) Practitioner. - Any person who is a
licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical
technologist, nurse,
midwife, veterinarian or pharmacist in the
Philippines.
(ee) Protector/Coddler. - Any person who
knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful
acts provided for in this Act and uses his/her
influence, power or position in shielding,
harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of
any person he/she knows, or has reasonable
grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated
the provisions of this Act in order to prevent the
arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.
Example:
June is a known drug dealer in his Barangay
and has a standing warrant of arrest, despite the
effort of law enforcers to arrest him, he is yet to
be caught this is due to May the Barangay
captain who covers for June and misleads the
police officer of the location of June.
(ff) Pusher. - Any person who sells, trades,
administers, dispenses, delivers or gives away
to another, on any terms whatsoever, or
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports
dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any
of such transactions, in violation of this Act.
(gg) School. - Any educational institution,
private or public, undertaking educational
operation for pupils/students pursuing certain
studies at defined levels, receiving instructions
from teachers, usually
located in a building or a group of buildings in a
particular physical or cyber site.
(hh) Screening Test. - A rapid test performed to
establish potential/presumptive positive result.
General Drug Tests.
Example:
Pedro and his team of PDEA agent conducted
an anti-drug operation, they have identified
several individuals who have is suspected to be
meth addicts prior from arresting them they
conducted they watch for visible meth symptoms
which includes; Dilated pupils, Rapid eye
movement, Twitching, Outbursts or mood
swings.
(ii) Sell. - Any act of giving away any dangerous
drug and/or controlled precursor and essential
chemical whether for money or any other
consideration.
(jj) Trading. - Transactions involving the illegal
trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled
precursors and essential chemicals using
electronic devices such as, but not limited to,
text messages, email, mobile or landlines, two-
way radios, internet, instant messengers and
chat rooms or acting as a broker in any of such
transactions whether for money or any other
consideration in violation of this Act.
(kk) Use. - Any act of injecting, intravenously or
intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,
smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or
otherwise introducing into the physiological
system of the body, and of the dangerous drugs.
=====================================
DURATION OF PENALTIES
Aggravating Circumstances
1
Involving a mentally deranged
2
18 years old and below
3
The violation took place 100 meter
Note:
RA # 7959, otherwise called the Death Penalty
Law approved in January 2, 1994.
RA # 8177 (The Lethal Injection Law) was
enacted, the execution of death penalty was
changed from electrocution to lethal injection.
RA # 9346, also known as An Act Prohibiting the
Imposition of the Death Penalty in the
Philippines.
Drug Traffic Route
THE 2ND MAJOR DRUG TRAFFIC ROUTE
a. Golden Triangle
1) Burma/Myanmar
2) Laos
3) Thailand
b. Drugs that originates from the Golden
Crescent
1) Iran
2) Afghanistan
3) Pakistan
4) India
=====================================
VICE
- Is a practice, behavior, or habit generally
considered immoral, sinful, criminal, rude, taboo,
depraved, or degrading in the associated society.
- In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a
negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or
a bad or unhealthy habit (such as an addiction to
smoking).
- In this sense, the word “vice” comes from the
Latin word “vitium”, meaning "failing or defect".
A. ALCOHOL
- Is one of the oldest intoxicants known to man
starting from the early era of civilization.
- In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic
compound in which the hydroxyl functional
group (–OH) is bound to a saturated carbon
atom.
- The term alcohol originally referred to the
primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the
predominant alcohol in alcoholic beverages.
ALCOHOLISM
- An addiction to the consumption of alcoholic
liquor or the mental illness and compulsive
behavior resulting from alcohol dependency.
- Also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a
broad term for any drinking of alcohol that
results in problems.
DRUNKARD
- A person who is habitually drunk/takes or uses
any intoxicating alcoholic liquor
There are two kinds of alcohol:
1. Methyl alcohol
□ Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, wood
alcohol, wood naphtha, methyl hydrate, or wood
spirits.
□ Methanol is a nondrinking type of alcohol used
for industrial and automotive purposes.
2. Ethyl alcohol
□ Ethyl alcohol, also called ethanol, grain
alcohol, or alcohol, a member of a class of
organic
compounds that are given the general name
alcohols;
□ Ethyl alcohol is an important industrial
chemical; it is used as a solvent, in the synthesis
of other organic chemicals, and as an
additive to automotive gasoline (forming a
mixture known as a gasohol).
□ Ethyl alcohol is also the intoxicating ingredient
of many alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine,
and distilled spirits.
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Availability
The Philippine government prohibits the selling
of alcoholic beverages to minors. The availability
of such may also be affected by special
pronouncements from different agencies such
as the temporary banning due to election period.
1. Beer
Brief History
This is one of the oldest beverages in the world.
Historically, this was regulated in the Code of
Hammurabi. In the ancient world, a goddess of
beer known as Ninkasi, was worshiped in songs
and prayers wherein the recipe for beer forms
part of a hymn.
Modern Times
In the modern day, beer is served in
varying temperatures and containers such as
casks, kegs (draught), bottles, and cans.
Common modern beers have 4% to 6% alcohol.
There are, however, some breweries that create
beer from 0.5 to 20% alcohol. In rare occasions,
brewers create strong beers that reach to 40%
and beyond.
2. Rum (alternatively spelled RHUM in the
Philippines)
Brief History
The origin of rum is very hard to
determine since it has existed in the records of
China, Southeast Asia, and Iran for thousands of
years. The primary ingredient is sugar cane, with
its byproduct molasses. The actual fermentation
was recorded in the Carabean area in the 17th
century.
Modern Times
This alcoholic drink is often called “whisky” by
people in the Philippines, specifically those in
the provincial areas of Visayas. This was due to
its indifference to beer and nearly similar effects
to whiskey.
3. Gin
Brief History
Unlike other alcoholic beverages, gin
started out as a herbal medicine that turned out
to be an alcoholic beverage to to its tendency to
produce euphoric effects. This was created in
the middle ages. Despite being one of the potent
spirits (a liquid from juices which has undergone
fermentation which was then forwarded to
distillation), this was used to remove bacteria in
wounds and battle infections. This is either
gargled or drank for such purpose.
Modern Times
This alcoholic beverage is commonly
mixed with tonic or soda water in most countries
except in the Philippines. In the local setting, this
is rarely drank without any form or chaser in
forms of juices or carbonated drinks. Most
people prefer drinking this cold in Asia;
specifically in forms of cocktails.
4. Vodka
Brief history
This potent beverage is mainly
composed of ethanol and water. It has nearly
the same properties with gin in terms of its
claim to medical effects in battling bacteria.
Historically, this is made from fermented
potatoes or grains. This alcoholic drink
was used since the 8th century.
Modern Times
Modern forms of this drink often include
flavors of fruits to appeal to the younger
generations, specifically females. It must be
noted, however, that vodka as a drink is very
masculine if taken without any other substance
that changes its color, retaining its potency. It
must be noted that modern vodka has a
minimum 40% alcohol content.
5. Wine
Brief history
This has existed since 7000BC, wherein
the first known use was in China. Contrary to
most belief that wine was made to intoxicate
people, there are many colorful literature and
practical uses of wine. Such ranges from
rituals to various forms of celebrations; and it is
also used in cuisines world wide.
Modern Times
Common identification of wine is the fruit
juice of grapes. Contrary to this, in the modern
times, this is largely made from other fruit juices
wherein such juices mix with yeast, transforming
sugars to ethanol and carbon.
6. Brandy
Brief history
This beverage is a spirit, produced
through distilling wine. This is due to the
curiosity of people in search of a much potent
form of liquor with negated after effects. This
was first created in the 15th century wherein its
primary discovery was due to an 2021
accident of storing wine in casks.
Modern Times
This item is drank usually during damp
or wet seasons. In Asia, this could be seen with
ice or served in glass specifically made for
brandy.
7. Whiskey
Brief history
This is a type of distilled alcoholic drink
alcoholic drink made from fermented grain mash.
Various grains are used wherein this product is
aged in barrels or casks. This was discovered in
Babylonia (present day Iraq) during the 2nd
millennium.
Modern Times
This is very popular among places
where the temperature is lower than normal
room temperature; referred to as cold areas.
B. Prostitution
- is an act or practice of a woman who engages
or habitually indulged in sexual intercourse for
money or profit.Prostitution is the act or practice
of providing sexual services to another person in
return for payment.
Types of Prostitutes
1. Call Girls. These are the part-time prostitutes.
They have their own legitimate work or
profession but work as prostitutes to
supplement their income.
2. Hustler. They are the professional type of
prostitutes; they maybe bar or tavern pick-up
girls or street walker.
3. Door Knocker.This is the occasional or
selective type of prostitutes; they are usually
newcomers in the business.
4. Factory Girls.They are the real professional
type of prostitutes. They work in regular houses
of prostitution or brothels.
C. Gambling
- is a game or scheme wherein the result of
which depends wholly or chiefly upon chance or
hazard.Gambling is the wagering of money or
material value, referred to as "the stakes," on an
event with the primary intent of winning
additional money or material goods.
Types of Illegal Gambling in The Philippines
- games turn from legal to illegal when the
wagers no longer transpire between players and
a legally licensed and regulated operator but
rather when bets become a peer-to-peer game
where the “house” takes a rake of the profit
which thus makes it illegal. The following games
are deemed illegal in the peer to peer
betting environment :
1. Cockfighting
2. Jueteng
3. Jai alai game fixing
4. Numbers games
5. Bingo
6. Cara y cruz
7. Black jack
8. Lucky nine
9. Mahjong
10. Domino
11. Basketball
12. Boxing
DEFINITION OF TERMS
□ DRUG ADDICTIONS - a state of periodic or
chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk)
detrimental to individual and to the society
produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.
(WHO)
□ CHEMICALS - is any substance taken into the
body, which alters the way, the mind and the
bodywork. (Manwong, 2004)
□ CHEMICALABUSE - is an instance when the
use of a chemical has produced a negative or
harmful consequence.22
□ TREATMENT - Is a medical service rendered
to a client for the effective management of hit
total conditions related to drug abuse. It deals
with the physiological without abusing drugs.
□ DRUG ADDICTIONS - a state of periodic or
chronic (continuous) intoxication (drunk)
detrimental to individual and to the society
produced by the repeated consumption of drugs.
(WHO)
□ POLYDRUG ABUSE - many people who
abuse on drug tend to take all sorts of drugs.
Some play chemical “Russian roulettes” by
taking everything including unidentified pills.
□ DRUG EXPERIMENTER - one who illegally,
wrongfully, or improperly uses any narcotics
substances, marijuana or dangerous drugs as
define not more than a few times for reasons or
curiosity, peer pressure or other similar reasons.
□ TOLERANCE - it is the increasing dosage of
drugs to maintain the same effect.
□ WITHDRAWAL PERIOD - from the point of
habituation or drug dependence up to the time a
drug dependent is totally or gradually deprived
of the drug.
□ HERBAL DRUGS - are plant substances that
have drug effects and whose use is not
generally regulated by law. These substances
generally require little processing after the plants
are gathered. Although they may be processed
or sold commercially, it is possible for the
consumer to prepare the drug for use if it can be
grown locally.
□ OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS - are
commercially produced drugs that may be
purchased legally without prescription.
These drugs are also known as propriety drugs.
They are safe and effective when you follow the
directions on the label and as directed by the
health care professionals.
□ PRESCRIPTION DRUGS - are commercially
produced drugs that can be legally sold or
dispensed only by a physician or on physician’s
order. They are like over-the-counter drugs for
they are manufactured by pharmaceutical
companies, but they differ, because the decision
to use drugs is vested in a physician, not in the
user.
□ BUY BUST OPERATIONS - is a form of
entrapment employed by law enforcement
officers as an effective way of apprehending a
criminal in the act of the commission of the
offense. Entrapment has
received judicial sanction as long as it is carried
out with due regard to constitutional and legal
safeguards.
□ INTOXICATION - it is a physiological state
occurring when an organism has a high level
of ethanol in its bloodstream, or when ethanol
otherwise causes the physiological effect known
as drunkenness.