Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 3rd Edition Kellogg Test Bank

Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 3rd Edition Kellogg Test Bank
Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 3rd Edition

Kellogg Test Bank
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Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology, 3e by Ronald T. Kellogg Instructor Resources
Chapter 6
Multiple Choice
1. Schema-guided construction of episodic memories that interpret, embellish, integrate and

alter encoded memory representation is called
a. selective interpretation
b. autobiographical recollection
*c. reconstructive retrieval
d. assimilation
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: Reconstructive Retrieval
Question type: MC
2. To remember details that were not stated in a story, embellishment, is known as

a. false assimilation
b. leveling
c. input recognition
*d. sharpening
Answer location: Reconstructing Laboratory Events
Question type: MC
3. Combining features of different events into a unified memory is called

*a. integration
b. selection
c. leveling
d. interpretation
Answer location: Integration
Question type: MC
4. Inferences and supposition made to conform new material into existing schemas is
a. integration
b. selection
c. leveling
*d. interpretation
Answer location: Interpretation
Question type: MC
5. To falsely remember a word after studying a list of words highly related to the target is
*a. false verbal memory
b. confabulation
c. post-distortion
d. conjunction error
Cognitive domain: False Verbal Memory
Answer location: Memory Illusions
Chapter 6
Question type: MC
6. Providing a narrative account of an autobiographical event that never happened is

a. false verbal memory
*b. confabulation
c. post-distortion
d. conjunction error
Answer location: Confabulation
Question type: MC
7. The misinformation effect refers to distortions in memory caused by

a. the inaccurate selective encoding of selection
b. inaccuracies focused by encoding errors
c. recalling inappropriate syllables in a phrase
*d. misleading information introduced through questions
Answer location: The Misinformation Effect
Question type: MC
8. The risk of memory implantation is especially high for

a. teenagers
*b. children
c. middle aged
d. elderly
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: Implanted Memories
Question type: MC
9. An illusion of memory in which an individual who strongly believes a bizarre event can
occur experiences a memory of the event is called
a. a flashbulb memory
b. an implanted memory
*c. a delusional false memory
d. a recovered memory
Answer location: Recovered Memories
Question type: MC
10. ________ is a defense mechanism that prevents unpleasant memories from entering
consciousness by anxiety.
*a. Repression
b. Regression
c. Leveling
d. Amnesia
Chapter 6
Answer location: Repression

Question type: MC
11. Schemas shape how events are retrieved from ______ - term memory.
a. short
*b. long
c. mid
d. none of the above
Question type: MC
12. A memory error in which a word is falsely remembered because it is semantically similar
to other words that were previously studied is called
*a. a false verbal memory
b. confabulation
c. integration
d. assimilation
Question type: MC
13. Three types of encoding distortions are

*a. selection, interpretation, and integration
b. selection, confabulation, and interpretation
c. confabulation, interpretation, and integration
d. selection, interpretation, and confabulation
Answer location: Encoding Distortions
Question type: MC
14. With the passage of time, repeated attempts to recall a story result in
*a. magnification of leveling, sharpening and assimilation
b. a plateau in leveling, sharpening and assimilation
c. decreasing levels of leveling, sharpening and assimilation
d. magnification of leveling and sharpening, but not assimilation
Question type: MC
15. To lose detail in the retelling of a story is

*a. leveling
b. sharpening
c. assimilation
d. sub-encoding
Chapter 6

Question type: MC
16. To add details in the retelling of a story is

a. leveling
*b. sharpening
c. assimilation
d. sub-encoding
Question type: MC
17. Remembering a period of time in one’s life and tying it to upper-level recollections of a
job or place of residence is
*a. an autobiographical memory
b. a figurative memory
c. constructed recall
d. dependent recall
Answer location: Reconstructing Autobiographical Events
Question type: MC
18. Remembering a time and place because of an extreme event is called

a. a substitution memory
*b. a flashbulb memory
c. assimilation
d. integration
Question type: MC
19. A victim of a traumatic event experiences the incident as if it was happening to someone
else in order to psychologically avoid the event. This is called
a. repression
*b. trauma-induced amnesia
c. delusional false memories
d. memory implantation
Answer location: Trauma-Induced Amnesia
Question type: MC
20. In order to recall where and how a memory is encoded one must use
*a. source monitoring
b. personal reflection
c. schematic recall
d. reconstructive recall
Chapter 6

Answer location: Source Monitoring
Question type: MC
21. __________ can involve bizarre events that could not possibly be true, however the
patient believes that the events happened.
a. Selective retrieval
b. Repressed memories
*c. Confabulation
d. Assimilation
Answer location: Confabulation
Question type: MC
22. You are instructed to read a story called The War of the Ghosts. At the end, you are asked
to recall whatever details of the story that you can remember. You relate an insignificant
detail of something black coming from the mouth of a character in the story. This is called
*a. sharpening
b. detailing
c. leveling
d. elaborating
Question type: MC
23. Sometimes elements of several different events are combined into a unified memory.
This is called _________, and is one type of encoding distortion.
a. leveling
b. interpretation
*c. integration
d. sharpening
Question type: MC
24. Which of the following is not an explanation for inaccuracies in eyewitness testimony?
a. selective encoding by the witness
b. slanted questioning
*c. faulty courtroom schemas
d. implanted memories
Cognitive domain: Analysis
Answer location: Eyewitness Testimony
Question type: MC
25. Loftus found that leading questions following the witnessing of an auto accident resulted
in higher judgment of speeds when the question contained the word ________.
Chapter 6
*a. smashed
b. collided
c. hit
d. contacted
Question type: MC
26. Suppose I asked you what you were doing at 5 p.m. on February 11,1993. Suppose that
you thought to yourself the following: “Well, I was in high school then, and I would
have probably been heading home from swimming practice about that time.” What does
this illustrate?
a. semantic encoding
b. organization encoding
d. mnemonic retrieval
Cognitive domain: Application
Question type: MC
27. Research has indicated that high arousal induced by violence tends to _______the
accuracy of eyewitness identification for peripheral details.
a. increase
*b. decrease
c. have no effect on
d. at times increase and at times decrease
Answer location: Selective Encoding
Question type: MC
28. Which of the following is false regarding comprehension and memory of a story?
*a. we primarily remember the details of the story
b. we add some details to the story
c. we delete some details from the story
d. we primarily remember the gist of the story
Question type: MC
29. The use of a previously acquired schema when recalling complex events often leads to
factual errors. This is referred to as
a. retroactive interference
b. response competition
d. failure to store
Chapter 6

Question type: MC
30. False confessions to crimes can in theory be brought about through the interrogation of a
suspect. The mechanism by which the person comes to believe incorrectly that he or she
is guilty of crime is called
a. repression
b. trauma induced amnesia
*c. memory implantation
d. dissociation
Answer location: Implanted Memories
Question type: MC
31. Compared to correctly recalled words, falsely recalled words

a. activate a different pattern of blood flow as measured by fMRI.
b. activate different areas of the brain as measured by PET.
*c. generate a lower frequency of brain activity as measured by electrodes implanted
deeply in the hippocampus and temporal lobe.
d. generate a higher frequency of brain activity as measured by electrodes
implanted deeply in the hippocampus and temporal lobe.
Question type: MC
32. Remembering the gist of multiple events is a(n) __________ distortion known as
__________.
a. source monitoring; confabulation
*b. encoding; integration
c. encoding; interpretation
d. source monitoring; conjunction error
Answer location: Integration
Question type: MC
33. When asked to recall a list of words, people will sometimes recall words that were not on
the original list, but that were semantically related to a word or words on the list. These words
are referred to as
a. targets.
b. items.
c. insertions.
*d. intrusions.
Question type: MC
Chapter 6
34. Which of the following does NOT contribute to inaccuracies in memory?

a. Schemas.
b. Critical lures.
c. Misleading information presented subsequent to an event.
*d. Source monitoring.
Question type: MC
35. The term ‘source monitoring’ refers to

a. the idea that we store false information.
b. misleading information presented prior to witnessing an event.
c. extended rehearsal to increase the strength of an item in memory.
*d. attempts to distinguish between true and false memory content.
Question type: MC
36. Which of the following best describes the research findings on motivated forgetting?
a. Recall accuracy dropped about 50% for a condition in which individuals were
instructed to forget words.
*b. Unwanted memories can be suppressed by disrupting the retrieval process through
executive control networks.
c. Instructing people to forget led to a greater incidence of delusional false memories.
d. People generated semantically-associated intrusions to words that were on the list.
Question type: MC
True/False
37. False eyewitness testimony usually happens when the eyewitness is intentionally lying.
Question type: TF
ANS: F (False eyewitness testimony usually occurs due to factors leading to memory
distortions such as selective encoding, misleading questions used by interrogators, and memory
implantation)
38. Misidentification in police lineups is more acute when the witness and suspect are of
different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Answer location: Selective Encoding
Question type: TF
ANS: T
Chapter 6
39. Selective encoding of information that fits prior knowledge is an encoding distortion.
Question type: TF
ANS: T
40. It is possible to plant a memory with repeated suggestions over time.

Answer location: Implanting Memories
Question type: TF
ANS: T
41. Autobiographical recollection only includes time and place actions pertinent to our lives.
Question type: TF
ANS: F (Schema-based representations are also integrated with autobiographical recollection)
42. Leading questions can result in false memories.

Question type: TF
ANS: T
43. Uncovering repressed memories almost always results in reconstructed false memories.
Question type: TF
ANS: F (Recovered memories may sometimes reflect retrieval of a previously repressed event)
44. Trauma-induced amnesia is a rare type of dissociated consciousness.

Answer location: Trauma-Induced Amnesia
Question type: TF
ANS: T
45. Motivated forgetting activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question type: TF
ANS: T
46. Source monitoring appears to be mediated by areas in the temporal lobe.

ANS: F (Reality monitoring judgments activate areas in the prefrontal cortex)
Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 3rd Edition Kellogg Test Bank

Chapter 6
Short Essay
47. Explain three processes that contribute to the inaccuracy of eyewitness testimony. How
does each process work to create false memories?
48. Explain an argument challenging the validity of trauma-induced amnesia.

49. When recalling a story, what kind of distortions can arise?

50. Provide one example each of an external and an internal source monitoring error that could
occur when retrieving information during an exam.
Cognitive domain: Application
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Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 3rd Edition Kellogg Test Bank

Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology 3rd Edition

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

1. Schema-guided construction of episodic memories that interpret, embellish, integrate and

2. To remember details that were not stated in a story, embellishment, is known as

3. Combining features of different events into a unified memory is called

6. Providing a narrative account of an autobiographical event that never happened is

7. The misinformation effect refers to distortions in memory caused by

8. The risk of memory implantation is especially high for

Answer location: Repression

13. Three types of encoding distortions are

15. To lose detail in the retelling of a story is

Answer location: Reconstructing Laboratory Events

16. To add details in the retelling of a story is

18. Remembering a time and place because of an extreme event is called

Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: Reconstructive Retrieval

31. Compared to correctly recalled words, falsely recalled words

34. Which of the following does NOT contribute to inaccuracies in memory?

35. The term ‘source monitoring’ refers to

40. It is possible to plant a memory with repeated suggestions over time.

42. Leading questions can result in false memories.

44. Trauma-induced amnesia is a rare type of dissociated consciousness.

45. Motivated forgetting activates the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

46. Source monitoring appears to be mediated by areas in the temporal lobe.

Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology, 3e by Ronald T. Kellogg Instructor Resources

48. Explain an argument challenging the validity of trauma-induced amnesia.

49. When recalling a story, what kind of distortions can arise?

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