Test Bank for Mirror for Humanity 10th Edition by Kottak

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Chapter 06 - Political Systems

Chapter 06
Political Systems

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In a(n) ________, most leaders will acquire their positions because of their personal
backgrounds or abilities, rather than heredity.
A. tribal society
B. feudal state
C. imagined community
D. chiefdom
E. agrarian, preindustrial state

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

2. For much of human history, people lived in societies characterized by a ________

sociopolitical organization.
A. band
B. tribe
C. chiefdom
D. state
E. complex chiefdom

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

6-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

3. A "big man" is a
A. person who holds a permanent political office.
B. hereditary ruler.
C. person of influence and prestige.
D. leader who avoids excessive displays of generosity.
E. leader who has tremendous power because he is regarded as divine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

4. In nonstate societies,
A. professional armies conduct warfare.
B. political institutions are separate from economic institutions.
C. social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion.
D. economic, political, and religious activities are often interrelated.
E. all political power is based on religion.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Know the four basic types of political systems identified by Elman Service (1962) and the social features correlated with
each type. How is this sociopolitical typology limiting; and in what ways is it analytically useful?
Topic: Defining the four basic types of political systems

5. In band societies, ________ determine the amount of respect or status individuals enjoy.
A. ranks ascribed at birth
B. culturally valued personal attributes
C. possessions and their monetary value
D. labor amounts extracted spouses and children
E. genealogical relationships to apical ancestors

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

6-2
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

6. Kin groups with members who are related to a common ancestor are
A. bands.
B. sodalities.
C. age sets.
D. secret societies.
E. descent groups.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

7. The ________ society has village heads.

A. Qashqai
B. San
C. Kapauku
D. Yanomami
E. Basseri

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

8. Foraging economies are usually associated with a ________ sociopolitical organization.

A. band
B. tribe
C. state
D. chiefdom
E. complex chiefdom

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

6-3
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

9. ________ were NOT traditionally used by the Inuit to handle disputes.

A. Blood feuds
B. Song contests
C. Executions of offenders
D. Courts of law
E. Kin ties

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

10. In foraging bands, the leaders

A. retain their power by maintaining strong ties with the commoner class.
B. inherit privileged access to strategic resources.
C. maintain control by conquering foreign territories.
D. have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions.
E. are the dominant males in the largest, most powerful descent groups.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

11. The primary difference between a village head and a "big man" is that
A. a big man can enforce his decisions.
B. a big man has supporters in multiple villages.
C. a village head is a band leader, while a big man is a tribal leader.
D. a big man's high status is ascribed, while a village head's high status is achieved.
E. village head is a permanent political office, while big man is a temporary position.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

6-4
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

12. The best examples of pantribal sodalities existed among societies in

A. Melanesia.
B. Polynesia.
C. the Great Plains of North America.
D. southern Europe.
E. Papua New Guinea.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to distinguish among such organizations as sodalities; pantribal sodalities; age grades; and secret societies.
Specifically; know how membership in each is organized and how sodalities and age grades form and bolster social alliances and create
divisions within and across societies.
Topic: Distinguishing among sodalities, pantribal sodalities, age grades, and secret societies

13. The Basseri and the Qashqai

A. were nomadic foraging groups in Iran.
B. enjoyed a symbiotic relationship—between the Basseri, who were nomadic pastoralists,
and the Qashqai, who were horticulturalists.
C. differ in leadership because a Basseri "big man" (tonowi) could enforce his decisions,
whereas the Qashqai village head could only lead by example.
D. differ in authority structure, with the Qashqai featuring a more complex and hierarchical
structure than the Basseri.
E. were two of the age sets in Melanesian society.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to distinguish among such organizations as sodalities; pantribal sodalities; age grades; and secret societies.
Specifically; know how membership in each is organized and how sodalities and age grades form and bolster social alliances and create
divisions within and across societies.
Topic: Distinguishing among sodalities, pantribal sodalities, age grades, and secret societies

6-5
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

14. ________ was prominent in Polynesian chiefdoms.

A. The market principle
B. The redistribution principle
C. Generalized reciprocity
D. Balanced reciprocity
E. Negative reciprocity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

15. Big men accumulate wealth because

A. they are chiefs who are trying to make their achieved status more permanent by engaging
in conspicuous symbolic displays of wealth.
B. the term big man refers to the liminal state that a Kapauku youth enters before marriage,
during which he accumulates wealth in order to fund the wedding and pay the brideprice.
C. they are typically war leaders, and as such they must maintain a supply of "grievance gifts"
to compensate the families of warriors who die under their command.
D. to become a big man, an individual must wear a tonowi shell necklace, which is imported
from the coast and is therefore quite expensive by Kapauku standards.
E. big men do not keep the wealth they accumulate but rather redistribute it to create and
maintain alliances with political supporters.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

6-6
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

16. A big man's position does NOT depend on

A. hard work.
B. inherited status.
C. generosity.
D. personal charisma.
E. accumulation of wealth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

17. According to Weber, the basis of social status is

A. wealth.
B. age.
C. prestige.
D. intelligence.
E. power.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

18. Social scientists use the term ________ to refer to the socially approved use of power.
A. authority
B. influence
C. prestige
D. stratification
E. endogamy

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Consider how anthropologists have traditionally differed from political scientists in their approach to "the political."
Why does Kottak prefer to speak of sociopolitical organization?
Topic: Defining the anthropological approach to the political and contrasting it with political science views of it

6-7
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

19. An age set is

A. a village council.
B. a pantribal sodality that represents a certain level of social achievement.
C. all men and women related by patrilineal descent from a human apical ancestor.
D. all men and women related by matrilineal descent from a nonhuman apical ancestor.
E. a group including all men or women born during a certain span of time.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to distinguish among such organizations as sodalities; pantribal sodalities; age grades; and secret societies.
Specifically; know how membership in each is organized and how sodalities and age grades form and bolster social alliances and create
divisions within and across societies.
Topic: Distinguishing among sodalities, pantribal sodalities, age grades, and secret societies

20. ________ is the most important factor in determining an individual's power and prestige
in a state.
A. Personality
B. Socioeconomic class
C. Speaking ability
D. Anthropomorphism
E. Physical size

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

21. States require specialized functions, including

A. a judiciary.
B. fiscal support.
C. population control.
D. enforcement.
E. All these answers are correct.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

6-8
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

22. ________ is NOT typical of state societies.

A. A primarily foraging-based subsistence strategy
B. Class stratification
C. The fixing of state boundaries
D. Intensive agriculture
E. Fiscal support

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

23. The internalization of a dominant ideology is

A. a method of chiefly redistribution.
B. the way that pantribal sodalities are formed.
C. a resistance method practiced in small-scale societies.
D. a form of fiscal control.
E. called hegemony.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the different methods of social control and resistance.
Topic: The different methods of social control and resistance

24. Chiefdoms differ from states in that

A. chiefdom status systems are based on differential access to resources.
B. chiefdoms lack socioeconomic stratification and stratum endogamy.
C. chiefdoms lack ascribed statuses.
D. chiefdoms have permanent political regulation.
E. chiefdoms have full-time religious specialists.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

6-9
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

25. A ________ features differential access to resources based on social stratification.

A. chiefdom
B. band
C. clan
D. tribe
E. state

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

26. The Igbo Women's War is an example of

A. hegemony working to eliminate resistance.
B. social stratification.
C. religious control.
D. shame and ridicule as a method of resistance.
E. women achieving status in a tribal society.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the different methods of social control and resistance.
Topic: The different methods of social control and resistance

27. Ascribed status is a

A. status that a person has little or no choice about occupying.
B. status that a person chooses.
C. status that a person earns, as when a successful law student becomes a lawyer.
D. position of dominance in a society.
E. status based on standardized test scores.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

6-10
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

28. ________ represents social status based on talents, actions, efforts, choices, and
accomplishments.
A. Ascribed status
B. Achieved status
C. Situational status
D. Negotiated status
E. Ethnicity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

29. The "Facebook Revolution" occurred in

A. Thailand.
B. the United States.
C. Brazil.
D. Mexico.
E. China.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the different methods of social control and resistance.
Topic: The different methods of social control and resistance

Essay Questions

30. List the major implications of food production. Describe how reliance on food production
affects the social, economic, and political organization of societies.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Know the four basic types of political systems identified by Elman Service (1962) and the social features correlated with
each type. How is this sociopolitical typology limiting; and in what ways is it analytically useful?
Topic: Defining the four basic types of political systems

6-11
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

31. In nonstate societies, relationships based on kinship, descent, and marriage are essential to
sociopolitical organization. Discuss two ethnographic cases that illustrate this point.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Consider how anthropologists have traditionally differed from political scientists in their approach to "the political."
Why does Kottak prefer to speak of sociopolitical organization?
Topic: Defining the anthropological approach to the political and contrasting it with political science views of it

32. Describe some of the ways in which social order is maintained in band and tribal
societies.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands
Topic: The defining features of tribes

33. Contrast two of the following: (a) band leaders, (b) village heads, (c) big men, (d) chiefs.
Discuss how these political figures attain—and keep—their leadership positions. Discuss the
extent to which they can they enforce their decisions, and relate how permanent their political
roles are.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands
Topic: The defining features of tribes

6-12
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

34. Identify the factors responsible for the variable development of political regulation and
authority structures among pastoralists.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to distinguish among such organizations as sodalities; pantribal sodalities; age grades; and secret societies.
Specifically; know how membership in each is organized and how sodalities and age grades form and bolster social alliances and create
divisions within and across societies.
Topic: Distinguishing among sodalities, pantribal sodalities, age grades, and secret societies

35. Describe to what extent modern foragers serve as the basis for reconstructions of social,
political, and economic organization among ancient hunter-gatherer bands. Justify your
answer.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Apply
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

36. List the ways anthropologists distinguish between a chiefdom and a state. Determine if
this is a useful distinction, and analyze if this is an easy-to-make distinction.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms
Topic: The defining features of states

6-13
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

37. List the three dimensions of social stratification as defined by Weber. Discuss the basis of
each dimension, and answer how stratification differs from status systems in nonstate
societies.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

38. Describe at least two methods of social control and two methods of resistance. Give
examples.

Answers will vary

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Understand the different methods of social control and resistance.
Topic: The different methods of social control and resistance

True / False Questions

39. Shame and gossip are the only methods of social control in band-level societies.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

6-14
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

40. The nuclear family and the band are the two basic social groups typically found in forager
societies.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

41. Band leaders occupy official offices and are able to force other band members to obey
their commands.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

42. Since bands lack formalized law, they have no means of settling disputes.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be familiar with the defining features of foraging bands; particularly with how conflicts have traditionally been
resolved and with the critical roles of the nuclear family and the band.
Topic: The defining features of foraging bands

43. In tribal societies, the village head leads by example and through persuasion; he lacks the
ability to force people to do things.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

6-15
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

44. Most bands and tribal groups in the world today are isolated from other human societies.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Know the four basic types of political systems identified by Elman Service (1962) and the social features correlated with
each type. How is this sociopolitical typology limiting; and in what ways is it analytically useful?
Topic: Defining the four basic types of political systems

45. A big man has supporters in many villages, while a village head has supporters only in his
own village.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

46. Big men are found in tribes, chiefdoms, and archaic states.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

47. The Yanomami are one of the few tribes completely isolated from the national
government.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the defining features of tribes. In particular; be able to distinguish between the different kinds of tribal
leaders identified by Kottak (e.g.; village head; big man). How do these leaders acquire; maintain; and assert their political authority; and
how do they differ from political figures in chiefdoms and in states?
Topic: The defining features of tribes

6-16
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

48. The best known chiefdoms arose in Papua New Guinea and Melanesia.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

49. An age set is an example of a pantribal sodality.

TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to distinguish among such organizations as sodalities; pantribal sodalities; age grades; and secret societies.
Specifically; know how membership in each is organized and how sodalities and age grades form and bolster social alliances and create
divisions within and across societies.
Topic: Distinguishing among sodalities, pantribal sodalities, age grades, and secret societies

50. Chiefs occupied formal offices and administered or regulated a series of villages.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

51. In chiefdoms, individuals were ranked according to seniority, but everyone was believed
to have descended from a common set of ancestors.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

6-17
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 06 - Political Systems

52. In chiefdoms, stratum endogamy ensured that only chiefs belonged to the elite social
stratum.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

53. Status in chiefdoms and states is based primarily on differential access to resources.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to identify the defining features of chiefdoms. In particular; be familiar with how authority and status are
organized and maintained in chiefdoms. How do chiefdoms differ from states?
Topic: The defining features of chiefdoms

54. Of the specialized subsystems characteristic of states, the religious subsystem is the most
important.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

55. During the "Facebook Revolution" in Brazil, the communities of Ibirama and Turedjam
had little to no Internet access.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Understand the different methods of social control and resistance.
Topic: The different methods of social control and resistance

6-18
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Test Bank for Mirror for Humanity 10th Edition by Kottak

Chapter 06 - Political Systems

56. States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and
administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

57. Fiscal systems include the judges, laws, and courts that resolve conflicts.
FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

58. "Population control" in states refers to police and military forces.

FALSE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

59. The elites of archaic states enjoyed restricted access to sumptuary goods.
TRUE

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Be able to discuss the defining features of states. How do the primary specialized units of states interact?
Topic: The defining features of states

6-19
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