Chapter (1)

Introduction
 Chapter(1) Introduction

1.1 Introduction:
Water injection meaning to improve oil recovery is a long-standing practice in the oil
industry. .Waterflooding is basically the pumping of water through an injection well into
the reservoir. The water is forced through the pore space and sweeps the oil towards the
producing wells (producers) when the first injected water gets to the production well, it
indicates the breakthrough point of the injection system. After this point, there will be
high water cut, from the producer well until it becomes uneconomical to run the field. On
the average, about one-third of the Original Oil in Place (OOIP) is recovered, leaving
two-third of the Original Oil in Place (OOIP). Other secondary recovery methods or
Enhanced Oil Recovery method can be considered at this point [1].

Since the total number of new significant discoveries are decreasing rapidly and the
world fuel consumption is increasing gradually; therefore, the best method need to bridge
this gap is to produce existing field more efficiently, So as to recoder more from Our
reservoirs and to meet the future demands.

Almost all the field's in the world uses Waterflooding so as to increase or improve the
recovery of their fields. In many of these reservoirs however, water cut from the
production wells are very high and sometimes uneconomical thereby leading to low
ultimate recoveries", Two of the common problems that plague waterfloods are poor
sweep efficiency and low contact factor. The contact factor is determined by improper
displacement in a direction orthogonal to reservoir strata. In a laterally heterogeneous
system or when bedding planes exhibit anisotropy, poor areal displacement efficiency is
expected. That is, for a given economically acceptable watercut in the production wells,
large areas of the reservoir are left with high oil saturation. Different methods have been
analysed to solve this problem, In this case, Inflow control valves will be used to mitigate
the poor areal displacement.

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 Chapter(1) Introduction
1.2 Aim of Project:
The main aim of this project is studying and investigating the formation of mineral scales
in Zenad field / Ghani field and look for a suitable range of water to displacement oil
without make unlikely scale. There are many mathematical models to predict mineral
scale formation. In this project we used a reliable mathematical model (Oddo and
Tomson, spe1994) to predict the potential of scale formation for separate producer wells
and mixing between injection and formation waters.