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Aramaya Niversity: Aramaya Nstitute OF Echnology
Aramaya Niversity: Aramaya Nstitute OF Echnology
Course Coordinator:-
Dr. MulugetaCourse
Atlabachew (Ass. Professor),
Coordinator :-
Guest Lecturer
Dr. Mulugeta Atlabachew (Ass. Professor)
INFORMATION
Information can be described as one or more statements or facts that are
received by a human and that have some form of worth to the recipient.
From this, we can derive the nice property between logarithm and Self-
information content:
3. loge units are nats (from 'natural logarithm') (We'll use ln(x)
for loge(x))
4. log10 units are Hartleys, after an early worker in the field.
In general,
Or
From this we can conclude that
November
22 Haramaya University, HIT, School of ECE 20
Shannon Definition of Communication
Information
Coding
Source
Communication
Channel
Destination Decoding
November
22 Haramaya University, HIT, School of ECE 21
Model of a Digital Communication System
Message Encoder
e.g. English symbols e.g. English to 0,1 sequence
Information
Coding
Source
Communication
Channel
Destination Decoding
6 6
H p(i ) log 2 p(i ) p(i ) log 2 p(i )
i 1 i 1
6
1 1
log 2 log 2 6 2.585 bits
i 1 6 6
24 11/22/2022 Haramaya University, HIT, School of ECE
ENTROPY-Properties
NOTATIONS
We use capital letters X and Y to name random variables,
In a simplified way
Similarly
Their joint entropy only reaches this upper bound if all of the random
variables are independent.
In this definition, P(X) and P(Y ) are the marginal distributions of X and
Y obtained through the marginalization process.
2.585x1,000,000=2,585,000 bits
Optimal Compression Ratio is:
2,585,000
0.3231 32.31%
8,000,000