Lesson Plan in Social Science

Grade 12 HUMS

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:

a. define counselling and discuss its various aspects, the goals and scope of
counselling, the stages of the counselling process, core values, and ethical
dimension of counselling;
b. appreciate the importance of counselling to individuals;
c. write an essay discussing how counselling can help address issues and
problems.
a. II. Subject Matter:

• Topic: Understanding Counselling

• Materials: Laptop, Power point Presentation

• Reference: Introduction to the Applied Social Sciences and Counselling

III. Procedure

A. Prayer
 The teacher will call someone to lead the prayer.
B. Attendance
 The teacher will call the name of students alphabetically.
C. Drill
 The teacher will ask the following questions:

How are you today?

Are you feeling good?
D. Review
 The teacher will ask the students:

What was our topic yesterday?

What have you learned about it?

E. Motivation
Directions: The teacher will show the students a word search. All they have to do
is to locate the given words in the grid, running in one of eight possible directions
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. They will be given (2) minutes to do the
 task. The first one who can get the most number of words will get 5 points, the
second will get 3 points and the third one will get 2 points.

A1- Activity:

The teacher will show different pictures and give them time to think and analyze. They
will be given (2) minutes to observe of what you can infer from these pictures.

A2- Analysis

• The teacher will ask the following questions:

a. What did you observe in our activity?

 b. What are the different types of sentences?

c. How many different types of sentences are there?

A3- Abstraction

What is Counselling?

Counselling is an interactive process characterized by a unique relationship between

the counsellor and client, which leads to the client experiencing changes in one or more
of the following areas:

1. Behavior – This refers to overt changes in the client’s actions, as well as his or
her coping skills, decision-making skills, and interaction skills.
2. Beliefs - These refers to ways of thinking about oneself, the others, and the
world, or emotional concerns relating to these perceptions.
3. Level of emotional distress- This relates to uncomfortable feelings or reactions
to environmental stress (Patterson and Welfel, 2000)

The objective of counselling is achieved through one or more of the following

counselling functions:

1. Advice. This pertains to telling a client what should be done. However,

counselling is more than an advice-giving activity. To give useful advice, the
counsellor should be able to make judgments about the client’s problems and
layout the possible courses of action.
2. Reassurance. This involves giving the client courage and confidence that he/she
is capable of facing a problem. One problem with reassurance is that the client
does not always accept it.
3. Communication. This entails providing information and understanding.
4. Release of emotional tension. This involves helping a client become free of
frustration and stress. This is sometimes called emotional catharsis.
5. Clarified thinking. Enables the client to accept responsibility for emotional
problems and think of realistic solutions to them.
THE COMPONENTS OF COUNSELLING

The counsellor

A counsellor is a trained professional who serves clients through therapeutic

communication, which entails encouraging disclosure, listening to the client, and giving
advice, among other things.

A counsellor is expected to possess the following attributes and values:

1. A genuine desire to help the client.

2. An acceptance of and respect for the client.
3. An ability to listen and understand the client’s psychological pain from his or her
perspective.
4. Excellent therapeutic communication skills.

The client

1. Personal pain. This pain may be a reaction to an adversity like the death of a
loved one, or it may be an enduring concern like chronic low self-esteem.
2. Help-seeking by choice. Counselling is based on the assumption that a client
has voluntarily decided to seek help.
3. Personal issues. Counsellors hold the view that all client behaviors are a
result of the issues they struggle with.

The working alliance between counsellor and client

Ed Bordin (1979) argued that counselling and psychotherapy can be best

understood as an alliance between the counsellor and client who work together
throughout the process. This relationship is described as the counselling bond.

Core conditions, which are conditions that bring about constructive personality change
in client. There are three core conditions which must be experienced by the client:
empathy, respect and genuineness.

Alvin Mahrer in his book The Goals of Psychotherapy (1967) argued that there are two
type of goals:

1. Amelioration of psychological distress

2. Promotion of psychological growth

The counsellor increases the chances of helping his or her client when they both agree
to pursue goals that are:

 Within the client’s direct control to achieve

  Realistic and achievable
 Set by the client himself/herself
 Positively and clearly stated
 Uncontaminated by psychological disturbance
 Based on the present state of the client
 Reflective of the amount of the effort the client is willing to devote in achieving
these goals

PROCESS GOALS IN COUNSELLING

Outcome Goals

- The intended results of counselling.

Counselling leads to change in the client. This is true for both individual counselling
and group counselling and whether the expressed intent of counselling is
developmental (oriented toward personal growth) or remedial (oriented toward
resolution of problems).

In counselling, change can take several forms: overt behavior change, improvement
in coping and decision-making skills, altered beliefs or value, or reduced emotional
distress.

Process Goals

- Objectives that must be achieved during the counselling sessions and in the
counsellor’s office.

THE STAGES OF THE COUNSELLING PROCESS

The First Stage: Initial Disclosure

At the start of counseling, the counsellor and the client do not know each other
well and have no prior contact.

Rogers (1951) described these trust-promoting conditions as the characteristics of the

helping relationship:

1. Empathy – understanding another’s experience as if it were your own

2. Congruence or genuineness – having one’s actions consistently reflect his or
her thoughts and feelings
3. Unconditional positive regard – caring for the client without setting conditions
for doing so
 4. Concreteness – using clear language to describe the client’s life situation
(Patterson and Welfel 2000)

The Second Stage: In-depth Exploration

The relationship between the counsellor and the client becomes more secure.

Immediacy

According to Egan (1998), immediacy can be characterized in three different

ways. It can relate to general discussions about the progress of the counselling
relationship. It can also be manifested in the immediate reaction to the client’s
statements or in asking the client to disclose current thoughts about the counsellor.
Lastly, immediacy can be seen in self-involving statements that express the counsellor’s
personal reaction to a client’s progress.

Assessment is a process of information gathering that takes into account the

client’s history, life circumstances and strengths.

Diagnosis is the actual identification of the problem that shall be addressed.

The Third Stage: Commitment to Action

In the final stage of counselling, the client must decide on how to accomplish the
goals defined during the second stage. He or she must identify or choose from possible
courses of action and aim for the best possible outcome.

TYPES OF COUNSELLING

Direct counselling involves learning about, planning to solve, and motivating a client to
act on his or her problems. In indirective counselling, it is the counsellor who does most
of the talking. The counsellor is implicitly superior to the client.

Nondirective or client-centered counselling involves skillfully listening to and

encouraging a client to explain his or her issues, understand the, and determine
appropriate solutions.

Participative counselling, also called cooperative counselling, is a mutual

counsellor-client relationship that establishes a cooperative exchange of ideas to help
solve a client’s problem/s.
THE ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF COUNSELLING

Some important ethical consideration in counselling are the following:

1. Informed consent
2. Confidentiality
3. Protection and Development

• Before you end the discussion, always ask the students:

• Is everything clear?

• Did you understand our discussion this afternoon?

• Do you wish to clarify some idea

A4- Application:

The teacher will show four (4) different colors of envelopes. Inside of it are
questions related to the lesson that have been discussed. The students should answer
and briefly explain the question from the picked envelope.

Envelope 1 (Purple) - What is a client? (Explain it briefly)

Envelope 2 (Black) - What is a counsellor? (Explain it briefly)

Envelope 3 (Yellow) - What are the stages of the counselling process?

Envelope4 (White) - Why should ethical considerations be taken into account in

counselling?

IV. Evaluation:

Directions: Read the following statement carefully and write answer on the space
before the number.

1. This involves a transformation in the client through a change in his or her goals,
values and mental model.
2. The counsellor encourages the client to engage in more coherent, rational and
mature thought.
3. What is the ultimate aim of counseling for the individuals to attain?
 4. This means that the counsellor has informed the client of what to expect in the
counselling process and that the client has given his or her consent to participate
in the process.
5. The counsellor should not disclose confidential information entrusted to him or
her buy his or her client.
6. The counsellor is expected to protect the welfare of his/her client as well as his
or her own.
7. The client must decide on how to accomplish the goals defined during the
second stage. He or she must identify or choose from possible courses of action
and aim for the best possible outcomes.
8. This pertains to telling a client what should be done.

9. ______ is a trained professional who serves clients through therapeutic

communication, which entails encouraging disclosure, listening to the client, and
giving advice, among other things.
10. ______ is an interactive process characterized by a unique relationship between
the counsellor and client.

V. Assignment

Directions: Write an essay discussing how counselling can help you to address
issues and problems and what makes counselling successful. Write and justify your
answer.

Prepared by: Marcel Gay Antiola