Separable equation: first order first degree ODE is separable if it can be expressed in the form F(y)dy=g(x).dx EXAPLE: 1. 2. Q.

The ode is separable . we rearrange the given ODE to obtain y.dy = xdx By integrating, Or = is the general soln of given ODE . = separable . inseparable.

EQUATIONS OF REDUCABLE TO SEPARABLE FORM: certain ODES can be transformed to separable equations by makin certain substitutions. EXAMPLE: .

Let v=x-y , Or 1on integration, 3 FIRST ORDER LINEAR EQN : Consider the std form of first order first degree ODE ( ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ) ( ) then given ODE becomes

The ODE 2 Is called first order linear eqn & it is in its most general form .

Q. Derive the general soln of first order first degree ODE Let I(x)=
( )

( ) ( ) ( )
( )

( ) ( )by integrating factor I(X) gives

( )

multiplying both sides of linear ODE ( )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

Using 2 in 1 :

( )

( )

( )

Integrating both sides w.r.t x gives y Or yI(x)= ( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

. This is the general soln of given linear ODE.

EXAPMLE: p(x) =3 and q(X)=

( )

integral factor=

= y = Let t= dt= 3 y= (2 -1)+ce

EXAMPLE: Z=pq eqn 1 Let z= f(x); u=x+ky. P= Then eqn 1 becomes z= .k

= /

.du

TYPE 3: F(p,q)=0 Assume that the soln of (1) P= z/x=a ; q=z/y=b F(a,b) =0 B=f(a) hence the soln of (1) will be z= ax+f(a)y+c. EXAPLE: Assume that the soln of (1) is z=ax+by+c eqn (2) then (1) :

b= hence from eqn (2) , G.S of (1) is z=ax+

TYPE 4: Z=px+qy+f(p,q) clairauts equation. General soln is z= ax+by+f(a,b)

TYPE 5: CHARPITS METHOD. F(X,Y,Z, P,Q)=0 EQN (1) Consider (x,y,z,p,q) eqn (2) Diff (1) w.r.t x, partially Similarly diff (2) w.r.t x partially x+zp+pr+qs=0 eqn (4) fp Next diff (1)& (2) partially w.r.t. y. then we get , Fy+fzp+fps+fqt=0 eqn (5) q y+zq+ps+qt=0 eqn (6) fq Eliminating r from (3) &(4) (pfx-fpx) +(pfz-fpz)p+(pfq-fpq)s eqn(7) Next eliminating t from (5)&(6) (qfy-fqy)+(qfz-fqz)q+(qfp-fqp)s=0 eqn (8) (7) +(8) gives (pfx+fpx)+(pfz-fpz)p+(qfy-fqy)+(qfz-fqz)q=0 eqn(9) Rearranging the terms (fx+pfz)p+(fy+qfz)q+(-pfp-qfq)z+(-fp)x+(-fq)y=0 Hence we get charpits eqn: Example: PX+ F=px+ (2) eqn(1) ( )p

Fx=p; fy=0; fz=0; fp=x; fq=2q-1 Now charpits eqn becomes

( ) ( )

eqn (3)

dq=0 ; q=c. thereforefrom given eqn (1) we get c=px+ p= now, dz= pdx+qdy. dz=

integrating, z=(c- )

( )