A bullet of mass 50g strikes a wooden plank with a velocity of 200m/s and emerge out with a velocity of 50m/s . Calculate the work done by the bullet against the resistive force offered by the plank. Solution: m = 50g = 50 x 10-3kg, Initial velocity v) = 200 ms~* Final velocity v = 50 ms7! Work done = change in kinetic energy W =1mv? —!my,? 2 2 w= 3m? = 97) W == x50 x 10-3(50? — 200? = 937.5] Find the angle between force F = (3 + 47 — 5k) unit and displacement d= (Si + 47 +3k) unit. Solution: F.d = F,d, + Fydy + Fzdz = 3(5) + 4(4) + (-5)(3) = 16 unit Hence F.d = Fd cos @ = 16 unit Now F.F =F? =FZ+Fe+F? =9+16+25 = 50 unit d.d = d? = d?+d}+d? =25+16+9 = 50 unit == = cos @ = Jeeves = 50 0.32 @ = cos* 0.32 It is well known that a raindrop falls under the influence of the downward gravitational force and the opposing resistive force. The latter is known to be proportional to the speed of the drop but is otherwise undetermined. Consider a drop of mass 1.00 g falling from a height 1.00 km. It hits the ground with a speed of 50.0 ms“. (a) What is the work done by the gravitational force? (b) What is the work done by the unknown resistive force? Solution:(a) The change in kinetic energy of the drop is AK = mv? -0 AK = 5x 10? x 50 x 50 =1.25] Where we have assumed that the drop is initially at rest. Assuming that g is a constant with a value 10 m s~?, the work done by the gravitational force is, W, =mgh = 107? x 10 x 10° = 10.0) (b)From the work-energy theorem AK = W, + W, Where W, is the work done by the resistive force on the raindrop. Thus W, = AK —W, = 125-10 =-8.75] is negative. In a ballistics demonstration a police officer fires a bullet of mass 50.0 g with a speed of 200 m s~? on soft plywood of thickness 2.00 cm. The bullet emerges with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy. What is the emergent speed of the bullet? Solution : The initial kinetic energy of the bullet is ¢mv? = 1000 J. It has a final kinetic energy 0.11000=100 J. If ve is the emergent speed of the bullet, 1 pmv,? = 100) 2100 J IS kg = 63.2ms" The speed is reduced by approximately 68% (not 90%) us An elevator can carry a maximum load of 1800 kg (elevator + passengers) is moving up with a constant speed of 2 ms~!. The frictional force opposing the motion is 4000 N. Determine the minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in watts as well a Solution : The downward force on the elevator is in horse power.F =mg + Fy = (1800 x 10) + 4000 = 22000 N The motor must supply enough power to balance this force. Hence, p = F.v = 22000 x 2 = 44000 W = 59 hp The pilot of an aeroplane fires a shot weighing 0.1 kg with a velocity of 300 m s~!. Calculate the total energy of the shot when it is at a height of 500 m above the ground. Solution : m=0.1kg, v=300ms~! and a 500m Kinetic energy of the bullet = >mv? = > x 0.1 x (300)? = 4500 J Potential energy of the bullet = mgh = 1 x 9.8 x 500 = 4907 Total energy = Kinetic energy + Potential energy =4500 +490 = 4990 J A body of mass 1 kg falling freely under gravity takes 10 seconds to reach the ground. Calculate the kinetic energy and potential energies of the body has travelled for 5 seconds. Solution : Let the body be dropped from a height from a height h above the ground. Using the equation s = ut +at?, h=0+ 5 (9.8)(10)? = 490 m The total energy of the body = Potential energy at a height 490m = mgh =1x98 x 490 = 4802] Let v be the velocity of the body when it falls for 5 seconds. Using the equation v=utat, weget Ce Kinetic energy of the body = }mv? = +x 1 x (49)? = 1200.5] Potential energy of the body = 4802 — 1200.5 = 3601.5] -A bullet of mass 0.05 kg is fired from a rifle with a velocity of 800 ms i After passing a mud wall of 1 m thickness, its velocity reduces to 200 m s~!. Find the average resistance of the wall, Solution : m = 0.05 kg, Initial kinetic energy 1m, v,=800ms"!, vy eee pmyvp = ; x 0.05 x (800) 200 ms! = 16000) Final kinetic energy = 3mv3 = 5 x 0.05 x (200)? = 1000] Change in kinetic energy = 16000 — 1000 = 15000 /Change in kinetic energy is equal to work done in overcoming the resistance of the wall. ie. W=Fs 15000 =F x1 F = 15000 N A body of mass 2 kg initially at rest moves under the action of an applied horizontal forces of 7 N on a table with coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.1. Compute (a) Work done by the applied force in 10 s. (b) Work done by friction in 10s (c) Work done by the net force on the body in 10 s. (d) Change in kinetic energy of the body in 10 s and interpret your results. Ans: Force of kinetic friction is fy, = 4, mg = 0.1 2x 9.8 = 1.96N Horizontal force applied F = 7 N Net force under which the body moves is F’ = F — f = 7— 1.96 = 5.04N : Fi _ 5.04 = Acceleration a = = ok 2.52 ms~? Using x = ut + 5at?, x= 0+5x 2.52 x 10? = 126m (a) Work done by the applied force in 10s is W, = fx = 7 x 126 = 882] (b) Work done by friction in 10 s is W, = fx = 1.96 x 126 = 246.96 J (c) Work done by the net force in 10 sis W = F'x = 5.04 x 126 = 635.04 J (d) Since the initial kinetic energy of the body is zero, the final kinetic energy is equal to 635.04 J and the change in kinetic energy is also equal to 635.04 J. Work done by the net force is less than the work by the applied force. It means that work done to overcome friction. A body is initially at rest. It undergoes one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration. Show that power delivered to it at a time t is proportional to t. Solution : - GiWaredens ower = inet Le. = But v=u+at=O0+at=at +P = Fat =(ma)at = mat Since m and aare constants Pat A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m® in 15 min. If the tank is 40 m above the ground, and the efficiency of the pump is 30% how much electric power is consumed by the pump?Solution : Volume of water V = 30m3, time t = 15 min = 900s height h = 40 m, ef ficiency n = 30% = 0.3, density of water p = 1000 kg m~* Mass of water pumped is m = Vp = 30 x 1000 = 3 x 10* kg mgh _ 3x10*x9.8x40 a6 = 13067 watt If P; is the input power (actual power consumed) Output power P, = Po Po 7 = © or P, = Pi 7 Ast = 43557 watt = 43.557 kW ie Pp = The blades of a windmill sweep out a circle of area A. (a) If the wind blows at a velocity v perpendicular to the circle, what is the mass of the air passing through it in time t? (b) What is the kinetic energy of air? (c) Assume that the windmill converts 25% of the wind’s energy into electrical energy, and that A = 30 m?, v = 36 km/h and density of air is 1.2 kg m~5. What is the electrical power produced? Solution: (a) Volume of wind blowing per second = Av Mass of wind blowing per second = Av p Mass of wind blowing in a time t = Av pt (b) Kinetic energy of air = Smv? = > (Av pt)v? = SAv’8 pt (c) Electrical energy produced = ef ficiency x kinetic energy of air =nx Av pt Here, 1 = 2 = 0.25, A = 30 m?, v = 36 kmph = 36 x Sms? =10ms ener, produced nxtav' pt 3 Electrical power = "dx produced — TINO = x tAvip 1 = 0.25 x5 x 30 x (10%) x 1.2 = 4500 W = 4.5 kWA person trying to lose weight (dieter) lifts a 10 kg mass 1000 times to a height of 0.5 m each time. Assume that the potential energy she lost each time she lowers the mass is dissipated. (a) How much work does she do against the gravitational force? (b)Fat supplies 3.8 x 107J of energy per kilogram which is converted to mechanical energy with a 20% efficiency rate. How much fat will dieter use up? Solution : Here,m = 10kg, h=0.5m, n= 1000 (a)Work done by the dieter against the gravitational force is W =nmgh = 1000 x 10 x 9.8 x 0.5 = 49000) (b)Mechanical energy supplied by 1 kg of fat is 20% efficiency is = 3.8 x 10’ x2 J/kg = 7.6 x 10° J/kg Fat used by the dieter is = —"- = 6.45 x 10-9 kg A body is moving unidirectional under the influence of a source of constant power. Show that its displacement is proportional to t?/?. Solution : w workdone + Fs xx xe Power = werkdone je, P=W =" = Fy=mav=m5t= my Since P and mare constants x? @t? or x a t9/? A family uses 8 KW of power. (a) Direct solar energy is incident on the horizontal surface at an average rate of 200 W per square meter. If 20% of this energy can be converted to useful electrical energy, how large an area is needed to supply 8 kW? (b) Compare this area to that of the roof of a typical house. Solution : (a) Average solar power per square metre area = 200 W Useful solar power produced per square metre is = 200 x = =40W Power required by the family = 8 kW = 8000 W Area needed to supply 8 k W power = ae = 200 m2 (b) 200 m? area is comparable to the roof of a house with area 14 m x 14m.