LMCS 2692 SET 1 CITRA ASAS KRIKET

SEMESTER II SESI 2020/2021

TUGASAN INDIVIDU 1 (TEORI)

INDIVIDUAL ASSSIGNMENT 1 (THEORY)

TAJUK TUGASAN : ASAS KRIKET

(TITLE : BASIC CRICKET)

Name : BARKAVI A/P P CHEVEN

Student ID : A177418

Programme : MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (FST)

Respective Lecturer : MR. MUHD KHAIRUL ASYRAF BIN MUHD RODHI

Date of Submission : 21/06/2021 (MONDAY)

 LIST OF CONTENTS

NUM. CONTENTS PAGES REMARK

1 History And Development of Cricket in 3-5

Malaysia

2 Cricket Basic Rules 6-14

3 Fields And Equipment 15-17

4 Basic Bowling Techniques 18-20

5 Basic Batting Techniques 21-22

6 Reference (Citation of Sources) 23

2
 History And Development of Cricket in Malaysia

As we all know, ricket came to Malaysia with the colonisation by the British around
1884-86 where the British planters founded Royal Selangor Club with a big-sized ground for
their entertainment which in the course of time became the seat of cricket in then Malaya.
The Malaysian Cricket Association (MCA) was founded in 1963. The Kinrara Oval houses
the MCA Office and is the “Home of Malaysian Cricket” which has floodlit facilities. The
country's ability to organise and deliver a top-class international tournament was
demonstrated by the Tri-Series between Australia, India and the West Indies in September
2006 and the 16 nation ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in 2008. The Asian Cricket Council
(ACC) and the ICC had found Malaysia an accommodating host for numerous tournaments.
The MCA also hosted the ICC Annual Conference in 2012. Malaysia’s ability of being an
ODI nation is on the rise with promotions in the ICC World Cricket League Division Six
right up to Division Three.

For the international cricket and developing the game in Malaysia, Malaysian cricket
has been steadily improving as manifested by the results in the various competitions. The
National Team performed extremely well when they were Champions of the ICC World Cup
Cricket League Division 4 in 2014 while gaining promotions in the same year. The Under-16
team become Champions of the ACC U-16 Elite Cup in 2012, a first ever in a ACC
tournament. Malaysia has been competing in the ASIAN Games since the inception of cricket
in 2010 and narrowly lost out in qualifying to the semi-finals in the 2014 edition. The
pathway for home-grown talent in Malaysia is school cricket leading to state cricket then
Development Squad, A Team and national team. Youth development has been a strong
feature of Malaysian cricket. Around 12 of the 15 states in the country participate in the
junior tournaments annually such as the National U-16 and U-19. There is clear pathway set
for players wishing to don the national colours with 5-year plans drawn up for domestic
tournaments that will stimulate the development of players. There will also be overseas
attachment for player development.

By reminiscing the timeframe, in early days, cricket has been played in what is now
Malaysia since the 1880s. Various teams represented Malaya, the Federated Malay States and
the Straits Settlements, formed in 1884 by the British, Royal Selangor Club (RSC) is the first
cricket club founded in present Malaysia. The Singapore Cricket Club, a former affiliate of
the Malayan Cricket Association, is the oldest cricket club in the region that founded in 1852.
3
The first recorded match was between Selangor and Malacca in 1887. The Selangor-
Singapore series was played in 1891. Cricket in Johor was played in the early 20th century,
but the first recorded cricketing event is the visit of the Australian team led by C. G.
Macartney in 1927. Penang is another historical cricket venue in Malaysia where cricket has
been played from British times. The Penang Sports Club was established in the early 1900s.
On 6 June 1927 Malaya beat Australia by 39 runs to make history. Lall Singh became the
first Malaysia born test player who played for India in their debut Test at Lord's against
England in 1932.

After World War II, cricket grew in popularity, leading to the founding of the Malayan
Cricket Association (MCA) in 1948. Regional cricket associations like Sabah, Sarawak and
Singapore joined and in 1963, the MCA was renamed the Malaysian Cricket Association. In
1965, the independence of Singapore led its association to leave the MCA. The first team to
represent Malaysia was in 1970, three years after the MCA became an ICC associate
member, when it played an MCC side captained by Tony Lewis in a two-day match, losing
by 230 runs. The same year, Malaysia played the first Saudara Cup match against Singapore,
drawing the three-day match. The Saudara Cup match continued annually, and in 1979
Malaysia participated in the first ICC Trophy, failing to progress beyond the first round, a
performance they repeated in 1982 and 1986. They reached the plate competition in 1990 and
1994.

In 1990s, the first Stan Nagaiah Trophy was played in Singapore in February 1995 with
Singapore beating Malaysia 2–1 in the three match one-day series. After winning the Stan
Nagaiah Trophy and drawing the Saudara Cup match in 1996 Malaysia hosted the first ACC
Trophy tournament, finishing third in their first-round group. Malaysia began to host major
international tournaments in 1997, starting with the 1997 ICC Trophy in which Malaysia
finished 16th after losing a play-off to Namibia. They played one season in Pakistani
domestic cricket in 1998, losing all four of their preliminary round matches. Cricket made its
first and, to date, only appearance in the Commonwealth Games later that year, with
Malaysia hosting that year's games. The cricket tournament saw Malaysia participate as hosts
though they lost all three of their first-round matches. They reached the final of the ACC
Trophy that same year, losing to Bangladesh.

In the 21st century, starting from 2000, Malaysia reached the semi-final of the ACC
Trophy before losing to hosts the UAE. They failed to progress beyond the first round of the

4
2001 ICC Trophy and lost to Nepal in the semi-finals of the 2002 ACC Trophy. Malaysia
played their first first-class matches in 2004 as part of that year's ICC Intercontinental Cup.
They lost to both Nepal and the UAE and failed to reach the semi-final stage of the
tournament. Malaysia hosted the ACC Trophy in 2004, which was the first stage of
qualification for the 2005 ICC Trophy and the 2007 World Cup, finishing joint seventh with
Bhutan. They finished last in the ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament in 2004, thus failing
to qualify for the 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup. They played in the tournament again in
2005, this time finishing third.

In 2006, Malaysia competed in the ACC Premier League, finishing fourth. They again
hosted the ACC Trophy that year, again finishing seventh after beating Qatar in a play-off.
Malaysia have played in the ACC Twenty20 Cup thrice. They did not win a match in 2007
but finished seventh in 2009 after winning 3 Group B matches and a positional playoff
against Saudi Arabia. In 2011, they finished sixth after winning 4 Group A matches and
losing a positional playoff against UAE. In August 2017, Malaysia won two medals in cricket
at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. They won the gold medal in the 50-over tournament and
the silver medal in the 20-over tournament. In April 2018, the ICC decided to grant full
Twenty20 International (T20I) status to all its members. Therefore, all Twenty20 matches
played between Malaysia and other ICC members after 1 January 2019 will be a full T20I.
Malaysia played their first T20I on 24 June against Thailand during the 2019 Malaysia Tri-
Nation Series.

There were many grounds of cricket placed in Malaysia, suach as Kinrara Academy
Oval, Kuala Lumpur, Bayuemas Oval, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor Turf Club, Selangor, Royal
Selangor Club, Selangor and UKM-YSD Cricket Oval, Bangi.

5
 Basic Rules of Cricket

1) Cricket is played between two teams each made up of eleven players.

2) Games comprise of at least one innings where each team will take turns in batting and
fielding/bowling.

3) The fielding team will have a bowler bowl the ball to the batsman who tries to hit the
ball with their bat.

4) The fielding team tries to get the batsmen out by:

• Hitting the wickets with the ball when bowling
• Catching a batsman’s shot on the full
• Hitting the batsman’s leg in front of the wicket (LBW)
• Hitting the wickets before the batsmen can run to the other end of the pitch.

5) The batmen try to score as many runs as possible before getting out by:
• Hitting the ball and running between the wickets and making it to the other end before
the fielders can hit the wickets with the ball. Each time you run one full length of the
pitch it equals 1 run.
• Hitting the ball to the boundary along the ground is 4 runs.
• Hitting the ball over the boundary on the full equals 6 runs.

6) The fielding team must get 10 batsmen out before they can change over and start
batting.

7) The aim of the game is to score as many runs as possible before the fielding team
takes 10 wickets. The team with the most runs wins.

6
 Important Rules of Cricket

1. Fair and unfair play – responsibility of captains

The responsibility lies with the captains for ensuring that play is conducted within the spirit
and traditions of the game, as described in The Preamble – The Spirit of Cricket, as well as
within the Laws.

2. Fair and unfair play – responsibility of umpires

The umpires shall be the sole judges of fair and unfair play. If either umpire considers an
action, not covered by the Laws, to be unfair, he shall intervene without appeal and, if the
ball is in play, shall call and signal Dead ball and implement the procedure as set out in 18
below. Otherwise, the umpires shall not interfere with the progress of play, except as required
to do so by the Laws.

3. The match ball – changing its condition

Any fielder may polish the ball provided that no artificial substance is used and that such
polishing wastes no time, remove mud from the ball under the supervision of the umpire and
dry a wet ball on a towel. It is unfair for anyone to rub the ball on the ground for any reason,
interfere with any of the seams or the surface of the ball, use any implement, or take any
other action whatsoever which is likely to alter the condition of the ball. The umpires shall
make frequent and irregular inspections of the ball.

In the event of any fielder changing the condition of the ball unfairly, the umpires after
consultation shall change the ball forthwith. It shall be for the umpires to decide on the
replacement ball, which shall, in their opinion, have had wear comparable with that which the
previous ball had received immediately prior to the contravention, inform the batsmen that
the ball has been changed, award 5 penalty runs to the batting side, inform the captain of the
fielding side that the reason for the action was the unfair interference with the ball, inform the
captain of the batting side as soon as practicable of what has occurred and report the
occurrence as soon as possible to the Executive of the fielding side and any Governing Body
responsible for the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the
captain and team concerned.

7
 If there is any further instance of unfairly changing the condition of the ball in that
innings, the umpires after consultation shall repeat the procedure mentioned above, inform
the captain of the fielding side of the reason for the action taken and direct him to take off
forthwith the bowler who delivered the immediately preceding ball. The bowler thus taken
off shall not be allowed to bowl again in that innings, inform the captain of the batting side as
soon as practicable of what has occurred and report this further occurrence as soon as
possible to the Executive of the fielding side and any Governing Body responsible for the
match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the captain and team
concerned.

4. Deliberate attempt to distract striker

It is unfair for any member of the fielding side deliberately to attempt to distract the striker
while he is preparing to receive or receiving a delivery. If either umpire considers that any
action by a member of the fielding side is such an attempt, at the first instance he shall
immediately call and signal Dead ball, warn the captain of the fielding side that the action is
unfair and indicate that this is a first and final warning, inform the other umpire and the
batsmen of what has occurred. Neither batsman shall be dismissed from that delivery and the
ball shall not count as one of the over.

If there is any further such deliberate attempt in that innings, by any member of the
fielding side, the procedures, other than warning, as stated above shall apply. Additionally,
the umpire at the bowler's end shall award 5 penalty runs to the batting side, inform the
captain of the fielding side of the reason for this action and, as soon as practicable, inform the
captain of the batting side and report the occurrence, together with the other umpire, as soon
as possible to the Executive of the fielding side and any Governing Body responsible for the
match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the captain and player
or players concerned.

5. Deliberate distraction or obstruction of batsman

In addition to 4 above, it is unfair for any member of the fielding side, by word or action,
wilfully to attempt to distract or to obstruct either batsman after the striker has received the
ball. It is for either one of the umpires to decide whether any distraction or obstruction is
wilful or not. If either umpire considers that a member of the fielding side has wilfully caused
or attempted to cause such a distraction or obstruction he shall immediately call and signal
Dead ball and inform the captain of the fielding side and the other umpire of the reason for

8
the call. Additionally, neither batsman shall be dismissed from that delivery, 5 penalty runs
shall be awarded to the batting side. In this instance, the run-in progress shall be scored,
whether or not the batsmen had crossed at the instant of the call, the batsmen at the wicket
shall decide which of them is to face the next delivery and lastly, the umpires shall report the
occurrence as soon as possible to the Executive of the fielding side and any Governing Body
responsible for the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the
captain and player or players concerned.

6. Dangerous and unfair bowling

(a) Bowling of fast short, pitched balls

The bowling of fast short, pitched balls is dangerous and unfair if the umpire at the bowler's
end considers that by their repetition and taking into account their length, height and direction
they are likely to inflict physical injury on the striker, irrespective of the protective equipment
he may be wearing. The relative skill of the striker shall be taken into consideration. Any
delivery which, after pitching, passes or would have passed over head height of the striker
standing upright at the crease, although not threatening physical injury, shall be included with
bowling under both when the umpire is considering whether the bowling of fast short, pitched
balls has become dangerous and unfair and after he has so decided. The umpire shall call and
signal No ball for each such delivery.

(b) Bowling of high full pitched balls

Any delivery, other than a slow paced one, which passes or would have passed on the full
above waist height of the striker standing upright at the crease is to be deemed dangerous and
unfair, whether it is likely to inflict physical injury on the striker. A slow delivery which
passes or would have passed on the full above shoulder height of the striker standing upright
at the crease is to be deemed dangerous and unfair, whether it is likely to inflict physical
injury on the striker.

7. Dangerous and unfair bowling – action by the umpire

As soon as the umpire at the bowler's end decides under 6(a) above that the bowling of fast
short pitched balls has become dangerous and unfair, or, except as in 8 below, there is an
instance of dangerous and unfair bowling as defined in 6(b) above, he shall call and signal No
ball and, when the ball is dead, caution the bowler, inform the other umpire, the captain of the
fielding side and the batsmen of what has occurred. This caution shall continue to apply

9
throughout the innings. If there is any further instance of dangerous and unfair bowling by the
same bowler in the same innings, the umpire at the bowler's end shall repeat the above
procedure and indicate to the bowler that this is a final warning. Both the above caution and
final warning shall continue to apply even though the bowler may later change ends.

Should there be any further repetition by the same bowler in that innings, the umpire shall
call and signal No ball, direct the captain, when the ball is dead, to take the bowler off
forthwith. The over shall be completed by another bowler, who shall neither have bowled the
previous over nor be allowed to bowl the next over. The bowler thus taken off shall not be
allowed to bowl again in that innings. report the occurrence to the other umpire, the batsmen
and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the batting side and report the occurrence, with the
other umpire, as soon as possible to the Executive of the fielding side and to any Governing
Body responsible for the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate
against the captain and bowler concerned.

8. Deliberate bowling of high full pitched balls

If the umpire considers that a high full pitch which is deemed to be dangerous and unfair, was
deliberately bowled, then the caution and warning prescribed above shall be dispensed with.
The umpire shall call and signal No ball, direct the captain, when the ball is dead, to take the
bowler off forthwith and implement the remainder of the procedure as mentioned above.

9. Time wasting by the fielding side

It is unfair for any member of the fielding side to waste time. If the captain of the fielding
side wastes time or allows any member of his side to waste time, or if the progress of an over
is unnecessarily slow, at the first instance the umpire shall call and signal Dead ball if
necessary and warn the captain and indicate that this is a first and final warning. Plus, inform
the other umpire and the batsmen of what has occurred.

If there is any further waste of time in that innings, by any member of the fielding side, the
umpire shall if the waste of time is not during an over, award 5 penalty runs to the batting
side. or if the waste of time is during an over, when the ball is dead, direct the captain to take
the bowler off forthwith. If applicable, the over shall be completed by another bowler, who
shall neither have bowled the previous over nor be allowed to bowl the next over. The bowler
thus taken off shall not be allowed to bowl again in that innings. inform the other umpire, the
batsmen and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the batting side of what has occurred and

10
report the occurrence, with the other umpire, as soon as possible to the Executive of the
fielding side and to any Governing Body responsible for the match, who shall take such
action as is considered appropriate against the captain and team concerned.

10. Batsman wasting time

It is unfair for a batsman to waste time. In normal circumstances the striker should always be
ready to take strike when the bowler is ready to start his run up, should either batsman waste
time by failing to meet this requirement, or in any other way, the following procedure shall be
adopted. At the first instance, either before the bowler starts his run up or when the ball is
dead, as appropriate, the umpire shall warn the batsman and indicate that this is a first and
final warning. This warning shall continue to apply throughout the innings. The umpire shall
so inform each incoming batsman, inform the other umpire, the other batsman and the captain
of the fielding side of what has occurred and inform the captain of the batting side as soon as
practicable.

If there is any further time wasting by any batsman in that innings, the umpire shall, at the
appropriate time while the ball is dead, award 5 penalty runs to the fielding side, inform the
other umpire, the other batsman, the captain of the fielding side and, as soon as practicable,
the captain of the batting side of what has occurred and report the occurrence, with the other
umpire, as soon as possible to the Executive of the batting side and to any Governing Body
responsible for the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the
captain and player or players and, if appropriate, the team concerned.

11. Damaging the pitch – area to be protected

It is incumbent on all players to avoid unnecessary damage to the pitch. It is unfair for any
player to cause deliberate damage to the pitch. An area of the pitch, to be referred to as 'the
protected area', is defined as that area contained within a rectangle bounded at each end by
imaginary lines parallel to the popping creases and 5ft/1.52m in front of each and on the sides
by imaginary lines, one each side of the imaginary line joining the centres of the two middle
stumps, each parallel to it and 1ft/30.48cm from it.

12. Bowler running on the protected area after delivering the ball

If the bowler, after delivering the ball, runs on the protected area as defined above, the
umpire shall at the first instance, and when the ball is dead, caution the bowler. This caution

11
shall continue to apply throughout the innings. inform the other umpire, the captain of the
fielding side and the batsmen of what has occurred.

If, in that innings, the same bowler runs on the protected area again after delivering the
ball, the umpire shall repeat the above procedure, indicating that this is a final warning. If, in
that innings, the same bowler runs on the protected area a third time after delivering the ball,
when the ball is dead the umpire shall direct the captain of the fielding side to take the bowler
off forthwith. If applicable, the over shall be completed by another bowler, who shall neither
have bowled the previous over nor be allowed to bowl the next over. The bowler thus taken
off shall not be allowed to bowl again in that innings. Plus, inform the other umpire, the
batsmen and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the batting side of what has occurred.
Moreover, report the occurrence, with the other umpire, as soon as possible to the Executive
of the fielding side and to any Governing Body responsible for the match, who shall take
such action as is considered appropriate against the captain and bowler concerned.

13. Fielder damaging the pitch

If there is any further avoidable damage to the pitch by any fielder in that innings, the umpire
shall, when the ball is dead, award 5 penalty runs to the batting side, inform the other umpire,
the batsmen, the captain of the fielding side and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the
batting side of what has occurred and report the occurrence, with the other umpire, as soon as
possible to the Executive of the fielding side and any Governing Body responsible for the
match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the captain and player
or players concerned.

14. Batsman damaging the pitch

If either batsman causes avoidable damage to the pitch, at the first instance the umpire shall,
when the ball is dead, caution the batsman. This caution shall continue to apply throughout
the innings. The umpire shall so inform each incoming batsman, inform the other umpire, the
other batsman, the captain of the fielding side and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the
batting side. If there is a second instance of avoidable damage to the pitch by any batsman in
that innings the umpire shall repeat the above procedure, indicating that this is a final
warning. Additionally, he shall disallow all runs to the batting side from that delivery other
than the penalty for a No ball or a Wide, if applicable. The batsmen shall return to their
original ends.

12
 If there is any further avoidable damage to the pitch by any batsman in that innings, the
umpire shall, when the ball is dead, disallow all runs to the batting side from that delivery
other than the penalty for a No ball or a Wide, if applicable. The batsmen shall return to their
original ends. Additionally award 5 penalty runs to the fielding side, inform the other umpire,
the other batsman, the captain of the fielding side and, as soon as practicable, the captain of
the batting side of what has occurred and report the occurrence, with the other umpire, as
soon as possible to the Executive of the batting side and any Governing Body responsible for
the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the captain and
player or players concerned.

15. Bowler attempting to run out non-striker before delivery

The bowler is permitted, before entering his delivery stride, to attempt to run out the non-
striker. The ball shall not count in the over. The umpire shall call and signal Dead ball as
soon as possible if the bowler fails in the attempt to run out the non-striker.

16. Batsmen stealing a run

It is unfair for the batsmen to attempt to steal a run during the bowler's run up. Unless the
bowler attempts to run out either batsman – see 15 above and Law 24.4 (Bowler throwing
towards striker's end before delivery) – the umpire shall call and signal Dead ball as soon as
the batsmen cross in any such attempt, return the batsmen to their original ends, award 5
penalty runs to the fielding side and inform the other umpire, the batsmen, the captain of the
fielding side and, as soon as practicable, the captain of the batting side of the reason for the
action taken. Moreover, report the occurrence, with the other umpire, as soon as possible to
the Executive of the batting side and any Governing Body responsible for the match, who
shall take such action as is considered appropriate against the captain and player or players
concerned.

17. Penalty runs

When penalty runs are awarded to either side, when the ball is dead the umpire shall signal
the penalty runs to the scorers as laid down in Law 3.14. Notwithstanding the provisions of
Law 21, penalty runs shall be awarded in each case where the Laws require the award.

13
Basic Rules of Cricket

14
 Field and Equipment

There are certain rules regarding the measurement of the ball, bat, pitch, wicket, and the
creases. There is a boundary for the playing area. The boundary is marked either by a white
line, a rope laid on the ground or a fence. Sometimes flags and posts are used instead of a
boundary line.

THE BALL

A cricket ball consists of cork covered by leather. In Test Cricket, the red coloured ball is
used while in ODI and T20, the white coloured ball is used. The ball weight must not be less
than 155.9gms and not more than 163gms and the circumference of the ball must be in
between 22.4cm and 22.9cm for Men's cricket and for Woman's cricket the weight should be
in between 139.976gms and 143.519gms and the circumference of the ball must be in
between 21.082cm and 22.606cm. Most widely used brand of balls are S.G., Duke and
Kukkabura.

THE BAT

Cricket bats are made of Willow, a naturally fibrous wood. The cricket bat has three distinct
parts the blade, the handle, and the grip. Blade is the main part of a cricket bat with which
you hit the ball. The handle sticks out from the top of the blade and is wrapped with twine for
strength. The grip is a rubber covering for the handle. The dimensions prescribed by MCC for
a wooden bat is 38 inch long excluding the handle, and 4.25 inch wide.

15
THE WICKETS

Each wicket is 22.80cm in width and consist of three wooden stumps with two wooden bails
on the top. The wickets should be pitched opposite and parallel to each other at a distance of
20.12m between the centre of the two-middle stump. The stumps stand 70cm tall and each
bail is 11.1cm in length.

CRICKET GLOVES

Cricket gloves can be divided into three types based on the cricket players' usage, cricket
batting gloves, cricket wicket keeping gloves and cricket Inner gloves.

THE PITCH

The pitch is at the centre of the field. It is the area of the ground between the bowling creases
one on either side and it is 3.04m in width and 17.68m in length. The pitch shall not be
changed during a match unless it becomes unfit for play.

16
The bowling crease is marked in line with the stumps at each end and is 2.64m in length.
The popping crease, which is the back edge of the crease marking, is in front of and parallel
with the bowling crease. The back edge of the crease is 1.22m from the centre of the stumps
and extended to a minimum of 1.83m on either side of the line of the wicket. The return
crease is marked at each end of the bowling crease at right angles to it and extend forward to
join the popping crease and a minimum of 1.22m behind the wicket.

CRICKET GROUND (CRICKET FIELD)

A Cricket Ground is a large circular playing field of grass that is not always defined in size.
The field is defined by three main areas of play; the outfield and infield are the two largest
and are divided by a circular line. At the centre is the close infield is a square or rectangular
area called the cricket pitch that is divided from the infield by a series of dots or another
white line. Two lines called creases are painted along the pitch and help determine whether a
pitch or hit is within the playing rules of the game.

Cricket Grounds have an overall diameter of between 450’-500’ (137-152 m) for a total area
of 159,043-196,350 ft² (14,775-18,242 m²). The cricket pitch is located at the centre of the
ground surrounded by an infield with a radius of 90’ (27.4 m) from the centre of each wicket.

17
 Basic Bowling Techniques

In the bowling action the four key steps are the grip, the approach, the delivery strike and
the follow through. Hold the ball with the seam up right. Place the index finger on one side
and the middle finger on the other. The thumb should grip the middle of the seam from
beneath. The ring and little fingers should be folded onto the palm.

How to hold the ball:

To begin with, simply hold the bowl and walk towards the bowling crease about 3 feet from
the stumps start into a leaping motion by lifting the leg on the side of your non bowling arm
with its knee and foot pointed straight ahead. Position your bowling hand between your eyes
and the target and raise your non bowling arm further up in the air. Plant your back foot on
crease and swing your non bowling arm down as you move your weight smoothly forward
onto a stiff front leg. Extend your bowling arm and swing it in an arc behind you the over
your shoulder to release the ball from its highest point. Lean forward and swing your bowling
arm across your body and past the opposite waist. A common mistake for beginners is to land
on the same foot that they left from so we have walk towards the stumps and keep practicing
the leap delivery to ensure mastering the basic bowling techniques.

On explaining the basics of the motion, before you begin, measure your run up by running
away from the bowl crease starting with your toes over the line. Take enough steps to build
your momentum and leap off your front foot, the one on the side of your non-bowling arm.
Land onto the back foot, the one on your side of your bowling arm and stride forward so the
toes of your front foot steps on the crease. Mark the starting position of your runner up. Start
running straight ahead with small steps. A smooth rhythm and the back-and-forth movement
of the arms accelerate and straighten your body as you approach the crease. Around 3 meters
from the wicket, spring of your front foot and lift the back knee. Take the leap swinging your
bowling arm clockwise until it is between your eyes at the target and the non-bowling arm
raised even higher. Land on your back foot and strike forward onto your front foot making
18
sure that it does not cross the crease. Maintain a straight and slip front knee so your trunk is
thrown forward. As you take the stride swing your bowling arm anti-clockwise to the release
position. Simultaneously, swing your non-bowling arm down and behind you. Release the
ball after your front foot lands and before following through onto your back foot. Once you
get the technique, aim to pitch the ball three feet ahead of the batsman. Remember that if you
release the ball early, you will be denoted this as overpitched delivery. If you release the ball
late, you will end up falling short. As the conclusion, it sums up all the basic bowling
techniques used in cricket consisting with different types of bowlers throughout the game.

Cricket Physics

19
 For a bowler to be successful in international cricket, one need to know how to bowl
different types of deliveries. There are so many different variations that a bowler can bowl
but the two main types of bowlers in Cricket are:

a) Fast Bowler – These can also be of two types:

• Fast Pace
• Medium Pace

b) Spin Bowler – There are also two types of spin bowlers. These are:
• Leg Spin
• Off Spin

Even though there are mainly two types of bowlers, there are a total of 21 different types of
bowling that exist in cricket. This means, a bowler may primarily be a leg spinner but there
are several different types of deliveries that he may be able to bowl.

Pursuing the basic technique of bowling (Overall):

20
 Basic Batting Techniques

To be a successful batsman, and to consistently hit balls in cricket, we must master the
right technique when we are up at bat. Once we master our batting stance and grip, you can
start refining our hitting technique by determining how the ball will bounce and what kind of
hit you should we use.

First, stand sideways to the bowler with your feet a shoulder-width apart. Stand
sideways in front of the wickets with your knees slightly bent and your head turned towards
the bowler. Bend at your hips but keep your back straight. Your non-dominant elbow should
be pointing in the direction of the bowler as you hold the bat. Secondly, hold the bat tight
with both hands. Your non-dominant, or lead hand, should be over the end of the bat's grip
holding it tightly. Your dominant hand should be below it with a lose 2-finger and thumb
grip. Both hands should be close together and the paddle should feel comfortable in your
hands. Then, make a line in the turf where the middle wicket is. Making a line in the turf in
the position of the middle wicket is known as making a guard and will give you some
awareness to where the wickets are positioned as you're batting. Put the tip of your bat in the
turf and make a line so that it runs parallel with the middle wicket.

After that, tap the bat on the guard line. Tapping the bat on the ground will give the
bowler the sign that you are ready to hit. Do not tap the ground excessively hard and keep
your bat as straight as possible so that you maintain good form. Furthermore, step forward
with your lead foot and bring the bat back. Swing the bat back so that it comes up to your
back shoulder and is pointed straight in the air. As you wind up, keep the bat as straight as
possible. As you step forward, turn your lead foot so that your toes are facing the bowler.
Besides, keep your eye on the ball. Try to follow the ball as it bounces towards you. If you
can follow the pitch from when it leaves the bowler's hand, you will know where you have to
position the bat for a hit. As the ball comes towards you, decide which kind of hit you want to
make with the bat. Moreover, swing the bat downward to hit the ball after it bounces. Step
forward with your lead leg and swing the bat downward so that your lead elbow points
towards the bowler.

21
 After that, swing the bat to the side if the pitch is short. If the ball bounces early, or
what is known as short, you should step back with your back foot to prepare for a high
defensive swing. Swing the bat out to the side, as you would with a baseball bat instead of
swinging it directly down. Lastly, do not forget to make contact with the ball if the bowler is
aiming for the wickets. If the ball comes in low and fast, the bowler is most likely trying to
hit a wicket and get you out. Your main goal is to make contact with the ball for a defensive
hit. Use the same swing as you did for a straight drive, but concentrate on just contacting the
ball, rather than driving it far.

22
 Reference

International Cricket Council. (1967). International Cricket Council. https://www.icc-

cricket.com/about/members/asia/associate/115#:%7E:text=Cricket%20came%20to%2
0Malaysia%20with,MCA)%20was%20founded%20in%201963.
Cricket Field Equipment and Accessories. (2021, June 21). Webindia123.Com.
https://www.webindia123.com/sports/cricket/equip.htm
WikiHow. (2021a, May 2). How to Be a Good Batsman. https://www.wikihow.com/Be-a-
Good-Batsman
Dimensions.com. (2020). Cricket Ground Dimensions & Drawings.
https://www.dimensions.com/element/cricket-
ground#:%7E:text=The%20cricket%20pitch%20is%20located,not%20always%20defi
ned%20in%20size.
ICC Cricket Rules and Regulations PDF 2021 Free Download. (2021, May 1). ICC Cricket
Rules and Regulations. https://www.theukrules.co.uk/rules/sport/cricket/icc-cricket-
official-rule-book-pdf.html
what are the 42 rules of cricket? (2020). Rules Of Cricket.
http://www.rulesofcricket.co.uk/the_rules_of_cricket/the_rules_of_cricket law 42.htm
E. (2019, June 24). Malaysia beat Thailand Malaysia won by 5 wickets (with 18 balls
remaining) - Thailand vs Malaysia, Malaysia Tri-Nation T20I, 1st Match Match
Summary, Report | ESPNcricinfo.com. ESPNcricinfo.
https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/malaysia-tri-nation-t20i-2019-
1186474/malaysia-vs-thailand-1st-match-1186488/live-cricket-score
Malaysian Cricket Association. (2021). Malaysian Cricket Association (MCA).
https://www.cricketmalaysia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
490
Asian Cricket Council. (2021). Asian Cricket Council. http://www.asiancricket.org/
All T20 matches between ICC members to get international status. (2021). All T20 Matches
between ICC Members to Get International Status. https://www.icc-
cricket.com/media-releases/672322

23