B.

NUMBER
By the end of each grade, students will: Ontario Mathematics Curriculum Expectations, Grades 1 to 8, 2020

OVERALL EXPECTATION B1. d

 emonstrate an understanding of numbers and make connections to the way numbers are used
in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Whole Numbers Rational Numbers Rational and
Irrational Numbers
B1.1 read and
represent whole
numbers up to
and including 50,
and describe various
ways they are used
in everyday life

B1.2 compose and B1.1 read, represent, B1.1 read, represent, B1.1 read, represent, B1.1 read, represent, B1.1 read and B1.1 represent and B1.1 represent and
decompose whole compose, and compose, and compose, and compose, and represent whole compare whole compare very large
numbers up to and decompose whole decompose whole decompose whole decompose whole numbers up to numbers up to and and very small
including 50, using a numbers up to and numbers up to and numbers up to and numbers up to and and including including one billion, numbers, including
variety of tools and including 200, using including 1000, using including 10 000, including 100 000, one million, using including in expanded through the use of
strategies, in various a variety of tools a variety of tools using appropriate using appropriate appropriate tools form using powers of scientific notation,
contexts and strategies, and and strategies, and tools and strategies, tools and strategies, and strategies, and ten, and describe and describe various
describe various describe various and describe various and describe various describe various various ways they are ways they are used
ways they are used ways they are used ways they are used ways they are used ways they are used used in everyday life in everyday life
in everyday life in everyday life in everyday life in everyday life in everyday life

B1.3 compare and B1.2 compare and B1.2 compare and B1.2 compare and B1.2 compare and B1.2 read and B1.2 identify and
order whole numbers order whole numbers order whole numbers order whole numbers order whole numbers represent integers, represent perfect
up to and including up to and including up to and including up to and including up to and including using a variety of squares, and
50, in various 200, in various 1000, in various 10 000, in various 100 000, in various tools and strategies, determine their
contexts contexts contexts contexts contexts including horizontal square roots, in
and vertical number various contexts
lines

2020 NUMBER 1
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B1. d
 emonstrate an understanding of numbers and make connections to the way numbers are used
in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Whole Numbers Rational Numbers Rational and
Irrational Numbers
B1.4 estimate the B1.3 estimate the B1.3 round whole B1.3 round whole B1.3 compare and B1.3 read, represent, B1.2 describe,
number of objects in number of objects in numbers to the numbers to the order integers, compare, and order compare, and order
collections of up to collections of up to nearest ten or nearest ten, hundred, decimal numbers, rational numbers, numbers in the real
50, and verify their 200 and verify their hundred, in various or thousand, in and fractions, including positive number system
estimates by estimates by contexts various contexts separately and and negative (rational and
counting counting in combination, in fractions and irrational numbers),
various contexts decimal numbers separately and in
to thousandths, in combination,
various contexts in various contexts

B1.5 count to 50 by B1.4 count to 200, B1.4 count to 1000, B1.3 estimate and
1s, 2s, 5s, and 10s, including by 20s, including by 50s, calculate square
using a variety of 25s, and 50s, using 100s, and 200s, roots, in various
tools and strategies a variety of tools using a variety of contexts
and strategies tools and strategies

B1.5 describe what B1.5 use place value

makes a number when describing and
even or odd representing multi-
digit numbers in a
variety of ways,
including with
base ten materials

2020 NUMBER 2
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B1. d
 emonstrate an understanding of numbers and make connections to the way numbers are used
in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Fractions Fractions and Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
Decimals
B1.6 use drawings B1.6 use drawings B1.6 use drawings
to represent and to represent, solve, to represent, solve,
solve fair-share and compare the and compare the
problems that results of fair-share results of fair-share
involve 2 and 4 problems that problems that
sharers, respectively, involve sharing up involve sharing up
and have remainders to 10 items among to 20 items among 2,
of 1 or 2 2, 3, 4, and 6 sharers, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10
including problems sharers, including
that result in whole problems that result
numbers, mixed in whole numbers,
numbers, and mixed numbers, and
fractional amounts fractional amounts

B1.7 recognize that B1.7 recognize B1.7 represent and B1.4 represent B1.3 represent B1.4 use equivalent
one half and two that one third and solve fair-share fractions from equivalent fractions fractions to simplify
fourths of the same two sixths of the problems that focus halves to tenths from halves to fractions, when
whole are equal, in same whole are on determining and using drawings, twelfths, including appropriate, in
fair-sharing contexts equal, in fair-sharing using equivalent tools, and standard improper fractions various contexts
contexts fractions, including fractional notation, and mixed numbers,
problems that and explain the using appropriate
involve halves, meanings of the tools, in various
fourths, and eighths; denominator and contexts
thirds and sixths; and the numerator
fifths and tenths

B1.8 use drawings B1.5 use drawings B1.4 compare and B1.5 generate
to compare and and models to order fractions from fractions and decimal
order unit fractions represent, compare, halves to twelfths, numbers between
representing the and order fractions including improper any two quantities
individual portions representing the fractions and mixed
that result when a individual portions numbers, in various
whole is shared by that result from two contexts
different numbers different fair-share
of sharers, up to a scenarios involving
maximum of 10 any combination of
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and
10 sharers

2020 NUMBER 3
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B1. d
 emonstrate an understanding of numbers and make connections to the way numbers are used
in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Fractions and Fractions, Decimals, and Percents
Decimals
B1.6 count to 10
by halves, thirds,
fourths, fifths, sixths,
eighths, and tenths,
with and without the
use of tools

B1.7 read, represent, B1.5 read, represent, B1.4 read, represent,

compare, and order compare, and order compare, and order
decimal tenths, in decimal numbers up decimal numbers up
various contexts to hundredths, in to thousandths, in
various contexts various contexts

B1.8 round decimal B1.6 round decimal B1.5 round decimal B1.6 round decimal
numbers to the numbers to the numbers, both numbers to the
nearest whole nearest tenth, in terminating and nearest tenth,
number, in various various contexts repeating, to the hundredth, or
contexts nearest tenth, whole number,
hundredth, or as applicable, in
whole number, various contexts
as applicable, in
various contexts

B1.9 describe B1.7 describe B1.6 describe B1.7 convert B1.4 use fractions,
relationships and relationships and relationships and between fractions, decimal numbers,
show equivalences show equivalences show equivalences decimal numbers, and percents,
among fractions among fractions, among fractions and and percents, in including percents
and decimal tenths, decimal numbers decimal numbers various contexts of more than 100%
in various contexts up to hundredths, up to thousandths, or less than 1%,
and whole number using appropriate interchangeably
percents, using tools and drawings, and flexibly to solve
appropriate tools in various contexts a variety of problems
and drawings, in
various contexts

2020 NUMBER 4
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B2. u
 se knowledge of numbers and operations to solve mathematical problems encountered in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Properties and Relationships
B2.1 use the B2.1 use the B2.1 use the B2.1 use the pro­ B2.1 use the B2.1 use the B2.1 use the B2.1 use the
properties of addition properties of addition properties of perties of operations, properties of properties of properties and order properties and order
and subtraction, and and subtraction, and operations, and and the relationships operations, and operations, and of operations, and of operations, and
the relationship the relationships the relationships between addition, the relationships the relationships the relationships the relationships
between addition between addition between multiplica­ subtraction, multipli­ between operations, between operations, between operations, between operations,
and subtraction, to and multiplication tion and division, to cation, and division, to solve problems to solve problems to solve problems to solve problems
solve problems and and between solve problems and to solve problems involving whole involving whole involving whole involving rational
check calculations subtraction and check calculations involving whole numbers and numbers, decimal numbers, decimal numbers, ratios,
division, to solve numbers, including decimal numbers, numbers, fractions, numbers, fractions, rates, and percents,
problems and check those requiring more including those ratios, rates, and ratios, rates, and including those
calculations than one operation, requiring more than whole number percents, including requiring multiple
and check one operation, and percents, including those requiring steps or multiple
calculations check calculations those requiring multiple steps or operations
multiple steps or multiple operations
multiple operations

Math Facts
B2.2 recall and B2.2 recall and B2.2 recall and B2.2 recall and B2.2 recall and B2.2 understand B2.2 understand B2.2 understand
demonstrate demonstrate demonstrate demonstrate demonstrate the divisibility rules and recall commonly and recall commonly
addition facts for addition facts for multiplication facts multiplication facts multiplication facts and use them to used percents, used square numbers
numbers up to 10, numbers up to 20, of 2, 5, and 10, and for 1 × 1 to 10 × 10, from 0 × 0 to 12 × 12, determine whether fractions, and and their square
and related and related related division facts and related division and related division numbers are divisible decimal equivalents roots
subtraction facts subtraction facts facts facts by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,
and 10

Mental Math
B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental B2.3 use mental
math strategies, math strategies, math strategies, math strategies to math strategies to math strategies to math strategies to math strategies to
including estimation, including estimation, including estimation, multiply whole multiply whole calculate percents increase and multiply and divide
to add and subtract to add and subtract to add and subtract numbers by 10, 100, numbers by 0.1 of whole numbers, decrease a whole whole numbers and
whole numbers that whole numbers that whole numbers that and 1000, divide and 0.01 and including 1%, 5%, number by 1%, 5%, decimal numbers up
add up to no more add up to no more add up to no more whole numbers by estimate sums 10%, 15%, 25%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and to thousandths by
than 20, and explain than 50, and explain than 1000, and 10, and add and and differences of and 50%, and explain 100%, and explain powers of ten, and
the strategies used the strategies used explain the strategies subtract decimal decimal numbers the strategies used the strategies used explain the strategies
used tenths, and explain up to hundredths, used
the strategies used and explain the
strategies used

2020 NUMBER 5
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B2. u
 se knowledge of numbers and operations to solve mathematical problems encountered in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Addition and Subtraction
B2.4 use objects, B2.4 use objects, B2.4 demonstrate B2.4 represent and B2.4 represent and B2.4 represent and B2.4 use objects, B2.4 add and
diagrams, and diagrams, and an understanding solve problems solve problems solve problems diagrams, and subtract integers,
equations to equations to of algorithms for involving the addition involving the addition involving the addition equations to using appropriate
represent, describe, represent, describe, adding and and subtraction of and subtraction of and subtraction of represent, describe, strategies, in various
and solve situations and solve situations subtracting whole whole numbers that whole numbers that whole numbers and solve situations contexts
involving addition involving addition numbers by making add up to no more add up to no more and decimal involving addition
and subtraction of and subtraction of connections to and than 10 000 and of than 100 000, and of numbers, using and subtraction of
whole numbers that whole numbers that describing the way decimal tenths, using decimal numbers up estimation and integers
add up to no more add up to no more other tools and appropriate tools to hundredths, using algorithms
than 50 than 100 strategies are used and strategies, appropriate tools,
to add and subtract including algorithms strategies, and
algorithms

B2.5 represent B2.5 add and B2.5 add and B2.5 add and B2.5 add and
and solve problems subtract fractions subtract fractions subtract fractions, subtract fractions,
involving the addition with like denomina­ with like and unlike including by creating using appropriate
and subtraction of tors, in various denominators, using equivalent fractions, strategies, in various
whole numbers that contexts appropriate tools, in in various contexts contexts
add up to no more various contexts
than 1000, using
various tools and
algorithms

2020 NUMBER 6
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B2. u
 se knowledge of numbers and operations to solve mathematical problems encountered in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1
Multiplication and Division
Grade 2 Grade 3
B2.6 represent
multiplication of
numbers up to
10 × 10 and division
up to 100 ÷ 10, using
a variety of tools and
drawings, including
arrays
Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
B2.6 represent B2.6 determine the
composite numbers greatest common
as a product of factor for a variety
their prime factors, of whole numbers up
including through to 144 and the lowest
the use of factor common multiple for
trees two and three whole
numbers

B2.5 represent B2.5 represent B2.7 represent B2.5 represent B2.6 represent B2.7 represent B2.7 evaluate
and solve equal- multiplication as and solve problems and solve problems and solve problems and solve problems and express repeated
group problems repeated equal involving multiplica­ involving the involving the involving the multiplication of
where the total groups, including tion and division, multiplication of multiplication of multiplication of whole numbers
number of items is groups of one half including problems two- or three-digit two-digit whole three-digit whole using exponential
no more than 10, and one fourth, that involve groups whole numbers by numbers by two- numbers by decimal notation, in various
including problems and solve related of one half, one one-digit whole digit whole numbers tenths, using contexts
in which each group problems, using fourth, and one third, numbers and by 10, using the area algorithms
is a half, using tools various tools and using tools and 100, and 1000, using model and using
and drawings drawings drawings appropriate tools, algorithms, and
including arrays make connections
between the two
methods

B2.6 represent B2.6 represent B2.7 represent B2.8 represent

division of up to and solve problems and solve problems and solve problems
12 items as the equal involving the division involving the division involving the division
sharing of a quantity, of two- or three-digit of three-digit whole of three-digit whole
and solve related whole numbers by numbers by two- numbers by decimal
problems, using one-digit whole digit whole numbers tenths, using
various tools and numbers, expressing using the area appropriate tools,
drawings any remainder as a model and using strategies, and
fraction when algorithms, and algorithms, and
appropriate, using make connections expressing
appropriate tools, between the two remainders as
including arrays methods, while appropriate
expressing any
remainder
appropriately

2020 NUMBER 7
 OVERALL EXPECTATION B2. u
 se knowledge of numbers and operations to solve mathematical problems encountered in everyday life
SPECIFIC EXPECTATIONS
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
Multiplication and Division
B2.8 represent the B2.7 represent the B2.8 multiply and B2.9 multiply whole B2.8 multiply and B2.6 multiply and
connection between relationship between divide one-digit numbers by proper divide fractions by divide fractions by
the numerator of a the repeated addition whole numbers by fractions, using fractions, using tools fractions, as well as
fraction and the of a unit fraction unit fractions, using appropriate tools in various contexts by whole numbers
repeated addition and the multiplica­ appropriate tools and strategies and mixed numbers,
of the unit fraction tion of that unit and drawings in various contexts
with the same fraction by a whole
denominator using number, using tools,
various tools and drawings, and
drawings, and standard fractional
standard fractional notation
notation

B2.10 divide whole B2.9 multiply

numbers by proper and divide decimal
fractions, using numbers by decimal
appropriate tools numbers, in various
and strategies contexts

B2.11 represent B2.7 multiply

and solve problems and divide integers,
involving the division using appropriate
of decimal numbers strategies, in various
up to thousandths by contexts
whole numbers up to
10, using appropriate
tools and strategies

B2.9 use the ratios B2.8 show simple B2.9 represent and B2.12 solve B2.10 identify B2.8 compare
of 1 to 2, 1 to 5, and multiplicative create equivalent problems involving proportional and proportional
1 to 10 to scale up relationships ratios and rates, ratios, including non-proportional situations and
numbers and to involving whole- using a variety of percents and rates, situations and determine unknown
solve problems number rates, tools and models, using appropriate apply proportional values in proportional

© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2020

using various tools in various contexts tools and strategies reasoning to solve situations, and
and drawings problems apply proportional
reasoning to solve
problems in various
contexts

2020 NUMBER 8