CONTENT

1. Introduction
2. Aim
3. Theory
4. Procedure
5. Observations
6. Conclusion
7. Reference
INTRODUCTION
Rhizobium plural form rhizobia
are prokaryotes whose main function
involves the conversion of stable
nitrogen gas in the atmosphere to a
biologically useful form. Nitrogenase
is an enzyme complex that reduces
dinitrogen to ammonia.
Rhizobium is a biofertilizer.
Biofertilizers are substances that
contain microorganisms which when
applied to the soil increase the
nutrient content and enhance the
plant growth. Rhizobium, present in
the root nodules of the leguminous
plants, add nitrogen to the soil which
is supplied to the plants to enhance
their growth.
Rhizobium is a bacterium found in soil
that helps in fixing nitrogen in
leguminous plants. It attaches to the
roots of the leguminous plants and
produce nodules. These nodules fix
atmospheric nitrogen and convert it
into ammonia that can be used by the
plant for its growth and development

A huge amount of energy is consumed

during the nitrogen fixation and the
nitrogenase enzymes are irreversibly
inactivated by oxygen.
Acetylene reduction assay is used to
measure the nitrogenase activity.
 Rhizobium infects the roots of
leguminous plants. They are usually
found in the soil and produce nodules
after infecting the roots of the
leguminous plants. As a result
nitrogen gas is fixed from the
atmosphere. This nitrogen is made
available to the plants that help in
their growth and development. When
the legume dies there will be a
breakdown of nodules. As a
result,Rhizobium is released back to
the cell where it can infect a new host.
AIM
To study the role of Rhizobium
bacteria in biofertilizer

Theory
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria,
microorganisms capable of
transforming atmospheric nitrogen
into fixed
nitrogen (inorganic compounds usabl
e by plants). More than 90 percent of
all nitrogen fixation is effected by
these organisms, which thus play an
important role in the nitrogen cycle.
The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
invade the root hairs of host plants,
where they multiply and stimulate
formation of root nodules,
enlargements of plant cells and
bacteria in intimate association. Within
the nodules the bacteria convert free
nitrogen to ammonia, which the host
plant utilizes for its development. To
ensure sufficient nodule formation and
optimum growth of legumes (e.g.,
alfalfa, beans, clovers, peas, soybeans),
seeds are usually inoculated with
commercial cultures of
appropriate Rhizobium species,
especially in soils poor or lacking in
the required bacterium.
MATERIALS

1. Cryema medium
2. Beaker and petridish
3. Sterile water
4. Testube
5. Ethyl alcohol
6. Scalpel
7. Glassrods
8. Forceps
PROCEDURES
•Collecting of healthy root nodules
from leguminous plants.
•washing nodules with sterile water.
•Sterlized nodules are crushed using
sterile rod in a test tube containing
sterile water.
•And finally the suspension in
inoculated into petriplate containing
yeast extract Mannion Congo red agar
by spread plate technique.
•Incubated for 2 - 3 days at 28-30°C
OBSERVATION
•Large gummy colonies of rhizobia
will appear on YEMA plates within 4-5
days.
CONCLUSION
•Rhizobium, present in the root
nodules of the leguminous plants, add
nitrogen to the soil which is supplied
to the plants to enhance their growth.
REFERENCE
•https://
www.microscopemaster.com
/rhizobium.html