VOLCANOES,

EARTHQUAKES
and MOUNTAIN
RANGES
Presented by :
Ma’am Jonna Rose D. Santos
Quarter 1 : WEEK 1
 Objectives:
At the end of this module, the learner
should be able to:
Describe and relate the distribution of
active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and major mountain belts to
Plate Tectonic Theory.
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
 Objectives:
Enumerate ways to ensure disaster
preparedness during earthquakes,
tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 Objectives:
Suggest ways by which one can
contribute to government efforts in
reducing damage due to earthquakes,
tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

Lithosphere
The rigid outer part of
the Earth, consisting of
the Crust and
Upper Mantle

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 CRUST
The outermost, coolest layer
of the Earth

Composed of solid rocks like

sedimentary, metamorphic
and igneous rocks
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
 Based on the
figure, can you tell
the difference
between the two?

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 TYPES OF CRUST
CONTINENTAL CRUST
- Found in large land masses and
continents
- Older
- Thicker

-
- Less dense than the oceanic crust
Potassium, sodium, aluminum
and silicon
- Made up of granite rock

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 TYPES OF CRUST
OCEANIC CRUST
- Found under the oceans
- Younger
- Thinner
- Denser than the continental
crust
- Iron, silicon, and magnesium
- Made up of basalt rock

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD

North America Europe Asia

Africa
south America Australia

Antarctica

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 PLATE TECTONIC THEORY
The Earth’s lithosphere is broken
into numerous segments called
plates. These plates move
slowly but constantly, and this
movement called tectonics.
CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon
and infographics & images by Freepik.

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 VOLCANOES,
EARTHQUAKES
and MOUNTAIN
RANGES
Quarter 1 : Module 1
What can you say about the distribution or location
of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges ?
They are located
along the edges of
the plates or along
plate boundaries.
They have the Along the plate
same pattern. boundaries, the plates are
moving that causes the
shaking of the Earth.
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
 What are the effects of plate movements?

Earthquakes
Formation of Volcanoes
Formation of Mountain and Mountain Ranges

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 EARTHQUAKES
A sudden and violent
shaking of the
ground, sometimes
causing great
destruction as a result
of movements within
the Earth’s crust or
volcanic eruption
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
 CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon
and infographics & images by Freepik.
 Where do earthquakes usually happen?

Earthquakes usually happen along edges of plates (plate boundaries)

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

Pacific Ring Africa

of Fire

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 Next

How can Earthquakes be detected?

Seismograph
Earthquake monitoring
instruments which
records the seismic
waves of the
earthquake
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
 Next

How can Earthquakes be detected?

Seismogram
A record made by
seismograph

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 Next

How can Earthquakes be detected?

Seismogram
A record made by
seismograph

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 SEISMIC WAVES
Earth release seismic
waves that travel
directions, away from the
P waves (Primary epicenter
Wave) fastest
S Waves (Secondary
Wave)

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

How do you locate the epicenter?
Triangulation Method is to find
the epicenter of an earthquake.
When seismic data is collected from at least
three different locations,
it can be used to determine the epicenter by
where it intersects.
How do you locate the epicenter?

8 seconds is the interval between the times of arrival of the

P-wave and S-wave at a distance of 100 km.
How do you locate the epicenter?
2. From the recording stations and measure
the computed distance on the scale
(the scale is 1 cm: 100 km).

3. Set your compass for that computed

distance. Center your compass on the
station you have chosen. Draw a circle.
 ?
WHAT GOVERNMENT
AGENCY IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR
EARTHQUAKE?
PHIVOLCS monitors
volcano,
earthquake, and
tsunami activity,
volcanic eruption
and other related
geotectonic
phenomena.
 WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MAGNITUDE AND
INTENSITY?
MAGNITUDE AND INTESITY
INTENSITY
MAGNITUDE
 What are the effects of plate movements?
Earthquakes
Formation of Volcanoes
Formation of Mountain and Mountain Ranges

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 Back

Volcano is an
opening in the Earth’s
crust through which
lava, volcanic ash, and
gases escape.
Volcanic Island Arc is a chain
of volcanoes that develop
parallel to a trench.
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
 Where are volcanoes usually located?

Volcanoes can also be found along the edges of plates

(plate boundaries).
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
Pacific Ring Africa

of Fire

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
● A path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by
active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.

● 75% of Earth’s Volcanoes - more than 450 volcanoes

and - 90% Earth’s earthquakes occur along its path.

● The abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along

the Ring of Fire is caused by the amount of movement
of tectonic plates in the area.

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 LEARNING TASK
Here is a map showing the location
of the active volcanoes,
earthquake prone areas and
mountain ranges in the
Philippines. List them down.
Describe their locations.
Table 1. Active Volcanoes
 Iraya

Pi
Banahaw

Iriga
Bulusan

Hibok-Hibok
 What are the effects of plate movements?
Earthquakes
Formation of Volcanoes
Formation of Mountain and Mountain Ranges

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 Back

Mountain Range
Mountain Range is a series of
connected mountains.

It is formed by the folding of

the tectonic plates.

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

 Where are mountain ranges usually located?

Mountain Ranges are found along the edges of plates (plate boundaries).

Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES

LEARNING TASK
Here is a map showing the
location of the active
volcanoes, earthquake prone
areas and mountain ranges in
the Philippines. List them
down. Describe their locations.
Table 1. Mountain ranges
Mountain ranges
 What can you say about the distribution or location
of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges ?
They are located
along the edges of
the plates or along
plate boundaries.
Along the plate
They have the boundaries, the plates are
same pattern. moving that causes the
shaking of the Earth.
Q1:M1 - VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES and MOUNTAIN RANGES
ANY QUESTIONS?
What can you say about
this lesson/activity?
ANY QUESTIONS?
 Thank you for
listening!

CREDITS: This presentation template was

created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon
and infographics & images by Freepik.

Please keep this slide for attribution.