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CURREfiT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY
8 September 1960
RE?UBLIC OF THE CONGO
The power struggle between
President Kasavubu and Premier
Lumumba remains unresolved and
the situation continues fluid.
Lumumba, who has maintained his
popular support and influence
over the police and most army
units, retains the initiative.
Kasavubu at present appears to
have been rebuffed in his bid
to oustnpumumbe, and several of
his closest supporters are in
the protective custody of the
UN Command in.the Congo. How-
ever, the President may be gain-
ing significant military support
On 5 Septemben Kasavubu an-
nounced the removal of Lumumba
from office after the Presi-
dent's political organization-~
the Abako--had put increasing
pressure on him to use his con-
stitutional powers to get rid
of Lumumba. Several other po-
litical groups, generally rep-
resentative of regional inter-
ests opposed to Lumumba's strong
central government, joined in
this pressure. However, UN
troops guarding the radio sta-
tion failed to prevent Lumumba
iron hroadcasting several ap-
peals for popular support during
which he announced Kasavubu's
ouster from the presidency.
The UN took over control of
Leopoldvilles radio station and
two airports to prevent the-out-
break of disorders. Officially,
the UN Command was pursuing a
policy of neutrality between
PART I Q "1 r: .
Approved for Release
Date
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rival factions, but to many ob-
servers its actions appeared
to favor Kasavubu. Lumumba
quickly summoned the cabinet
and received its support. The
cabinet accused Kasavubu of
treason for trying to dismiss
the premier and took over his
functions until the Rational
Assembly could discuss the si¢u_
ation. At the meeting of the
Chamber of Deputies-Athe Senate
refused to meet--on I September,
Lumumba was in control after
making a fiery attack on the UN
for preventing an armed attack
on Katanga. The chzmber's reso-
lution decreed that the dis-
missals of Lumumba and Kasavubu
were invalid, and Lununba re-
mained in the politiqal saddle.
Lumumba's control over the
Leopoldville police was indi-
cated by their attack on a pro-
Kasavubu demonstration on 6
September during which several
of the mob were killed by gun-
fire. His control over the Con-
golese National Armyi-the former
Force Publique--is less clear-
cut. On G September=partisans
of moderate Jean Bolikzngo--the
Bangala tribal leader from the
northwest region of the Congo--
among some troops brought in by
Lumumba from Thysville liberated
him from jail. Lumumba had
arrested him on 1 September for
allegedly plotting against the
government. These troops may
strengthen the military position
of Kasavubu, who is in alliance
E3 C‘ IA TE INTEREST Page 8 of 12
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CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUHMARY

8 September 1960

__._.
with Bolikango, Ka- \/\>-
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and Tshombé of Katan-
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ga. Support of the \

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Bangzlese is vital to
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The President because
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ominate the popu-

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and have for years ~

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comprised about 40 THE “coNco'm”

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in Lumumba's govern-
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ation; Foreign Minis-
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ter Bomboko, tipped John»

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off by the Congolese

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cerning his impending

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arrest, appealed to
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the American ambassad or for itself quite quickly" if the ;

asylum and then joine d Presi- Belgians, Americans; and other

dent Kasavubu, Senate President NATO elements would stop their ,

Ileo--Kasavubu's cand idate for "evil maneuvers." ‘j ~

@remier—-and two othe x minis—

tors at the Presiden t‘s home Such criticisms raise the
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under UN protection. This re— prospect that the USSRiw111 en- ’

liance on UN protecti on, particu- courage and support new-moves

,
*

larly if followed by other Lu- by the Lumumba regime aimed at ~

mumba opponents, will provoke modifying the role of jme un

the premier to try dr astic meas-
ures against UN oper ations in
the Congo. On 8 Sept ember he
demanded the withdraw al of all
UN troops from the Co
forces in the Congo. ?rev1ously,
Soviet officials had suggested
to Lumumba that he call for the
creation of an observer group
comprised of representatives of
various African countries which
,

Soviet and East European would ensure compliance with

propagandists have gi vcn strong the UN Security Council reso-
V

support to Lumumba in the wake lutions, but did not press the
of the attempted coup. Radio proposal because of lack of sup- ’

Moscow on 7 September criti— port from African and Asian I

cized UN authorities for "cpcn governments. 1

interference" in the Congo's in- m

ternal affairs and fo r "hamper- Hammarskjold has called for

ing the establishment of law
and order,“ instead o f support-
ing the country's "la wful gov-
ernment." Another So viet com-
mentary claims that t he situa-
tion would "undoubted ly right
an early meeting of the Security
Council in an effort to stop uni-
lateral aid from the outside.
He was presumably referring both
to Soviet and Belgian actions.
He also hopes to secure approval

PART I OF IMMEDIATE INTEREST Page 9 of 12

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CURRENT INTELLIGENCE WEEKLY SUMMARY

8 September 1960

for the disarming of the Congo- their Soviet crews, to become L

E‘
involved in actual fighting.
t

lese troops.
'

The Soviet bloc has been Other Congolese troop move-

expanding the scope and size of ments indicate that the Lumumba
its activities in direct support government is planning to move
of the Lumumba regime. There against Katanga secessionists at (
now are well over 20U'b1oc'per- an early date. lumumbas knees are
sonnel in the Congo, including reportedly moving toward the
high-level economic delegations northern Katanga border through J

from the USSR and Czechoslovakia Kivu Province, but an invasion \

which reportedly are discussing attempt must await the outcome

the possibilities of economic_ of the fighting in Kasai.
aid with Congolese officials;
H
As a result, agreements pro- In Katanga, the government
of President Tshombé has had
viding for large-scale bloc eco-
nomic and technical assistance little success in broadening its .‘@,.
to the Lumumba government may international base of support.
be announced shortly. Tshombé‘s mission to Western
Europe received no promises of
Meenwhile; the central gov- aid, but nine tons ofgarms ar- 1

ernment is continuing its efforts

p

rived in Elisabethville on 7
to regain control of secessionist September by plane from Belgium.
areas in southeastern Congo.‘ The Belgian commanderiof the
Savage but indecisive fighting is Katanga Air Force hopes that by
occurring between the Congolese November he will be able to pur-
Army and forces of the tribal chase six armed aircraft and
i

"Mining State" of southeastern five C475 suitable for para-

Kasai Province centered in the troop operations. Heialso plans
<

town of Bakwanga. Battles have to add ten pilots to the present

taken place in several villages, total of 15., ‘

and hundreds of persons--mostly

Baluba tribesmen-—have been Tshombé may be troubled by
killed. Ten Soviet IL-14 air- dissension among the tribes in
craft have airlifted Congolese northern Katanga. Missionaries
troops to strengthen Lumumba's who recently returnedifrom the
» force in Kasai. Moscow is, how- area report that there is wide-
ever, unlikely to allow these spread support for Lumumba, and
aircraft, which now bear Congo- most of the urban centers are un-
lese markings but have retained der control of f0rCeS:0ppOSing
Tshombé.

- 4

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PART I OF IMMEDIATE INTEREST Page 10 of 12

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