wT 1. Mid 01/P6/Q4
- tore. 75)
| Of the customers visiting the stereo section of a large electronics si 70 ON averag.
make a purchase. fee eas
Calculate the probability that. out of 14 customers. at least 12 customers iat al
@
purchase.
) Find the least possible number of customers. given that the probability of al) |
| customers making a purchase is less than 5%. BI
Solution:
=1-0.75 25. n=14
(i) P= probability of purchase = 75% = 0.75. q=1-
Let X be the random variable which represents that the customers purchase.
= P(X>12)=°. Apply Binomial distribution. ie. POX = x) = Cf q?™* p*
+ P(X > 12) = CH (0.25)'4-22 (0.75)3? + Cif (0.25)4-#9 (0.75)? + C$ (0.25)0
(0.75)** = 0.281 Ans.
(i) AsP(X=n)<0.05 CB gq?" p" < 0.05
Ch (q)°p"<0.05 = (1) (1)(0.75)" < 0.05
Taking log of both sides. we get
Ig (0.75)"
104 > n=11 Ans.
=> 0.75)" <0.05
2. O/N O2/P6/Q6
| (@) A manufacturer of biscuits produces 3 times as many cream ones as chocolate]
| ones. Biscuits are chosen randomly and packed into boxes of 10. Find the |
probability that a box contains equal numbers of cream biscuits and chocolate |
biscuits. 2) |
| Gi) A random sample of 8 boxes is taken, Find bility that exactly 1 of them
contains equal numbers of cream biscuits and chocolate biscuits, 2)
|
viscuits. Using a suitable |
fewer than 35 chocolate |
(5)
n biscuits contains |
A large box of randomiy ci
approximation. find the probat
biscui
ity that it conte
Solution:
(@) Let p= probability of success = probability of one chocolate biscuit = =
=. X=No. of finding chocolate biscuits
Px=5)=
Apply P(X = x)= C, q?™ p*. putting values. we get
Pomsincit (4) ()
300
2
@ —— P(no orange) = 1 - += :
Because five discs are selected, so probability that no orange discs are
selected = 2-2 = 0.132 Ans.
Gi) P{disc with numbers ending in a 6) = 2° == & p(x=2) 8C,P*q5-?
i
So P(x
“2\a0/ Vie) ~ ro000
5c (2) (S)= 4 = 0.0729 ans.
29
=+gq=2
Paes
Gif) P(Orange disc having numbers ending in a 6) = =~
2/303
Now P(x =2)= °C:(2) (2) =0.01 Ans.
(iv) Total Number of discs selected = n= 5
P(pink) = p= >
P(not pink=q=+ q=i-pois ¥-3 2
p=m-s(2)-$
o-0a-16)(5))
Gins 06/P6/Q7
| A survey of adults in a certain large town found that 76% of people wore a watch on their |
| left wrist. 15% wore a watch on their right wrist and 9% did not wear a watch. |
| A random sample of 14 adults was taken. Find the probability that more than |
| @
| 2 adults did not wear a watch. (4)
| Gi) A random sample of 200 adults was taken. Using a suitable approximation. find
6
| the probability that more than 155 wore a watch on their left wrist. ua ate? Wore Sotin 137 Anomes detrewtor
‘Reod & Write Publications nny
solution:
0 Let X be the number of adults who did not wear a watch
n=14, p=0.09 . q=1-p=0.91 X~Bin(14.0.09)
Pimore than 2 adults did not wear a watch) = 1-[pix =
1—[*4Cp (0.09)° (0.91)"* + *C, (0.09)* (0.91)*? +
1 [0.2670 + 0.3698 + 0.2377] =0.126 Ans.
no. of adults = n = 200
) = P(x=1)- Pix =2)]
44C, (0.09)? (0.91)*7]
Pian adult who wore a watch on left wrist) = p = 0.76. q = 0.24
w= np = 200%0.76 = 152
anp>s
X ~ Bin (200. 0.76)
approximation to Normal
X~N (np. npg) > 0? =npq = 200 x 0.76 0.24 = 36.48
X~N (152. 36.48)
P(x > 155) after continuity correction > P(x>0.
Yeo IN OG/PGIGT
[A manufacturer makes two sizes of elastic ands: large and small. 40% of the bands
.d 60% are small bands. ‘Assuming that each pack of these elastic
| produced are large bands an
Jection. calculate the probability that. in a pack containing 20
| bands contains a random sel
| bands, there are
[equal numbers of large and small bands.
\(ii) more than 17 small bands.
| AAo office pack contains 150 elastic bands.
Using a suitable approximation. calculate the probability that the number of small
BI
NY” sande in the office pac is between 88 and 97 inclusive \6]
Solution:
() — n=20, p= 60%=0.6.9= 40% = 04
X~Bin(n.p) = X~Bin 20.06)
PX=10)=2 > PRR=* "Cp gh
P(x=10
20¢,, (0.6)2° (0.4) =O0.11714 Ans. 138 Gn Binornle distin,
‘ath Aleve! PS Worked Solution Teun
(ii) POX > 17) = T2219 °C, (0.6)* (0.4)7°*
(iii)
2 ; 20 (9.4)°
= 0C, 5 (0.6) (0.4)? + 2%Cye (0.6)?9 (0.4)? + 2°C20 (0.6)7° (0.4)
= 0.003087 + 0,000487 + 0.00003656
= 0.00361 Ans.
n=150, p=0.6. q=0.4 = 3
LE
H= np = 150* 0.6=90 Toodi6e =
o* = npq = 150 * 0.6 x 0.4 = 36
X~N (uy. 02). x~N (90. 36)
Since n is large. np>S 0
P(88 < x < 97) = P(87.5 Cs (0.65)° (0.35)? = 0.2984 Aas.
n=50, X~ 1s B (50. 0.65)
= np = 50 0.65 = 32.5, @ = 50» 0.65 « 0.35 = 11.375 (0? = npg)
for P(X < 29)
using continuity correction. we have
P(X < 28.5)
= P(Z < 1.186) = @ (-1.186) = 1 — © (1.186) = 1 — 0.8822 = 1.1178 = 0.118 Ans.
Expected number = E(X) = np & np > 8 Unie 5 See roe
t
geozs @ Nae
> e213
smallest value ofn=13 Ans.
‘throws of this die, at least § throws result
Bj
(ai The die is thrown 90 times. Using an appropriate approximation. find the
probability that ¢ 5 is thrown more than 60 times. {5}
or 6 are all equal.
Pix=6)
Pithrowing 2 1 foliowed by 5 foliowed by any ever no)
0
0.05 * 0.75 » (0.05
1.00563 Ans.
*.0N o8p6a7 (Math A level PS Worked Solution 140 Uns Bil ae,
Read & Write Publications
| The die is thrown twice, Let X be the sum of the two scores. The following table shows the
| Possible values of X,
Second throw
Sum | 1 3 § 5 6 6
|
Tro 4 6 6 7 7
| 3 | 4 horse gg
| Firt os) @ 8 10 10 WH
| Throws | 6 § 1 10 HW
| 6 7 Oo Wo MN 12 12
6 | 7 9 WoW 12 12
| Gi) Draw up a table showing the probability distribution of X.
13)
| (iii) Calculate F(X). 2
\ (iv) Find the probability that X is greater than E(X). 1)!
Solution:
(i) n=8
. 4
P (obtaining an odd number from single throw) = P=
P (obtaining an even number from single throw) = q
Let X represents number of odd numbers obtained, be a function of Binomial
Distribution ie, x~B(8,=) = PX =r) = %C, phigh t
P(X>7)= P(X =7)+P (X= 8)
(2)
0.15007 = 0.03901 = O.195 Ans. =
eed & write Pubheations Unit-5 Binomial distribotion
gy EQ)=EXPQ)= E(X) = 8.67
(iv) PIX> EO] =P X> 8.67) = POX = 9) = POX = 10)~ POK= 11) POK= 12)
ayes
36 36
Ve MJ 09/P6/Q3
On a certain road 20% of the vehicles are trucks. 16% are ‘pases and the remainder are cars. |
@) — Arandom sample of 11 vehicles is taken. Find the probability that fewer than 3 are |
| buses. {3} |
Gay ve sandom sample of 125 vehicles is now taken, Using ¢ suitable approximation. |
find the probability that more than 73 are cars. 15]
Solution:
() — P(Trucks) = ¢ 20. P(buses) = 0.16
Let X denote the no. of buses.
P=0.16 and I-P = 0.84=4
Pix <3) = (0.84)? = He, (0.16)? = 7C; (0-16) (0.84)°° (0.84)°
0.1469 ~ 0.30782 - 0.2931 = 0.748 Ans.
ii) = n=125
X denoie the no. of cars
Picars) = 1-(0.20 - 0.16)
=1-0.36 (Moth A level PS Worked Solution sar Unt-5 Binet asa,
Read & Write Pubiections
= 0.64 & q = 0.36
We use normal approximation to the binomial distribution.
1 = 0.64 > 125 = 80
P(X> 73)? 6? = 125 » 0.64 > 0.36
a
X-N(80. 28.8) x
nPq)
P(x > 73) afier continuity correction p(x > 73.5)
P(x > 73.5) = P(; ') = P(z > ~ 1.2112) = (1.211) = 0.887 Ans,
y/ 11. O/N 10/P6/Q6
| @ State three conditions that must be satisfied for a situation to be modelled by a]
| binomial distribution 2
| On any day. there is a probability of 0.3 that Julie's train is late. |
| (ii) Nine days are chosen at random. Find the probability that Julie's train is late on
more than 7 days or fewer than 2 days. By |
| (iii) 90 days are chosen at random. Find the probability that Julies train is late on more
| than 35 days or fewer than 27 days. 15]
Solution:
@ A single trial has just two possible out comes.
(ii) There should be a fixed number of trials n.
(ii) The outcome of each trial is independent of the out come of all the other trials,
(iv) The probability of success at each trial, p, is constant.
Gi) P=0.3, n=9 g=07
P(X > 7)~ P(X <2)
=P(x=8)s P(X=9)+ P(x = 1) + PUX> 0)
= Cg (0.7) (0.3)® + €3 (0.3)? + C2(0.7)® 3} (02)
= 9(0.7) (0.3)8 +
= 0.1964 = 0.196 Ans.
(0.3)? + 9 (0.7}8 (0.3) + (0.7)
(iii) x = 90. since n is large. it should be modelled as normal approximations.
w=np=90»0.3=27
npg=18.9. 0 =4
P(X > 35)= P(X <27)=P(z> 38
=Pi(z> 1!
5)>(Z<~-0.115)
= (1 - 0.974% = (1 - 0.5458)
= 0.0255 ~ 0.4542
= 0.4797 = 0.48 Ans. ener
we ‘Read & Write Pubic Binomial dis
1 111P 6104 =
fem d die
: vas thrown 20 ti Ibs wi (pel
was fl 20 times and th
¢ number of 5s was noted. This
E iment was |
f i
| .g many times and the average number o} ity +
ge eI
A of $s was found to be 4.8, Find the probability |
ate |
| pati the next 20 throws the number of $s will be less than three.
ant
: ia) So
=> 48=20 t
P > p=0.24.q=0.76 \ tif
4
p= 0.24, q=0.76
x <3) = P= 0) * P= 1) * Pex 2) v
é 20 0 20
Coo (0.24)? (0.76)° = Cy" (0.24)* (0.76) ~c3°(0.24)2(0.76)**
= 0.004133 + 0.0261035 + 0.078310634 .
= 0.108547 = 0.109 Ans.
e mid 12/P6/Q3
Jn Restaurant Bijoux 13% of customers rated the food as “poor. 22% of customers rated |
the food as satisfactory” and 65% rated it as “good”. A random sample of 12 customers
| who went for a meal at Restaurant Bijoux was taken. ‘ |
| @) ‘Find the probability that more than 2 and fewer than 12 of them rated the food as
| \
ees 13 |
| On a separate occasion. a random sample of » customers who went for a meal at
| the restaurant was taken.
|i Find the smallest seine of n for which the probability that at least 1 person will
| rate the food as ‘poor’ is greater than 0.95 131
Solution:
P(food good) = 0 65 =P
q=P (food poor 0: satisfactory) = 0.35,0= 12
@ PQ 0.95
10.95 > (0.87)"
0.05 > (0.87)"
nog (0.87) > log (0.05)
> lowtoes)
log (0.87)
was = eee A ‘Moth A level PS Worked Solution 108
Read & Write Publications
f
U 44. Mis 13/P6104
Robert uses his calculator to generate 5 random integers bi
|@
| Robert now generates n random integers between
| is the number of these n integers which are less th
Unk-5 Binomil dsrovag,
etween | and 9 inclusive.
2 of the 5 integers are less than or equal to 4. {3)
] and 9 inclusive. The random variable y
an or equal to a certain integer k between
Find the probability that at least 2
1 and 9 inclusive.
j iti is given that the mean of is 96 and the variance of Kis 32.
LG
Solution:
p=. Platleast2)=1-P(0.1) = \- Pe
@
(ii)
As. Mid 14/P6/Q1
| In 2 certain country 12% of houses have solar heating
| Find the probability that fewer than 4 houses have solar heating
Let p=P(2=6 Ans.
19 houses are chosen at random.
(4
Solution:
=19.p=0.12, q= 0.88
XB (19. 0.12)
POX <4) = P(X = 0) + PCX = = PR 2 PIX
= PCy peg” °C, pig? q C,pigh
= CH (012)°(0.88)" °C." 6 (0.12) (0.88)*" +C9(0.12)° (0.88)"¢
~ 0.216365997
= 0,088 139538 ~ 0.
= 0,815328943
813 Ans.
J 16. OIN 14/P6/Q3
3. 6, are thrown. Finc
Four fair six-sided dice. each with faces marked 1.
@ -
| the probability that the numbers shown on the four dice add up to 5 8]
i) Four fair six-sided dice. each with faces marked 1. 2, 3. 4, §. 6. are throwt
| on 7 occasions. Find the probability that the numbers shown on the four dice adé
| up to 5 on exactly | or 2 of the 7 occasions. [4]
Solution:
@)
Four fair six-sided dice are thrown and each die has number 1. 2. 3,
+; sum of the faces on four dices is 50.
1)
(1.1.1.2). 1.2.1. (21D Unit-5 Binoenial distribution
piSum of 3) =
= or 0.00309
324
We use binomial distribution. P= y=
3 971
Piexactly 1 or 2)= (x= 1)= P(x
: P(x=r) = "C, Pr |
47. Wd 15/P6/Q1
Q fair die is thrown 10 times. Find the probability that the number of sixes obtained is |
penween 3 and 5 inclusive. Bh |
solution:
Given that n= 10.
- Ps) - Pi)
Fee tere
p(3.4and 5)
é
= 0.22233471 = 0.222 Ans.
/ 18. MJ 16. PEC
When peopie + a certain large shop. on average 34% of them do not buy anything. 53% |
spend less 50 and 13% spend at ieast $50.
@ visiting the shop are chosen at random. Calculate the probability that at |
them buy something. BI
(i) visiting the shop are chosen at random. The probability that none of them |
rf ast $50 is less than 0.04. Find the smallest possible value of 7. BL
Solution:
“cage of people who buy nothing = 34%
Se age of people who spent less than § 5
“cage of people who spent at least
@
Par>14)=? fpa> r) ="C,q°" pt
P=]—34% = P=0.66 97 084
Pixd14) =5¢,4(0.34) (0.66)! Cs(038 5069)"
= 0.0171 Ans.
fi) yao
Pix £50) = 0.04 : Moth & level PS Worked Solution 146 Unit-5 Binomial distribution
P(Spends at least $50) = 13% = 0.13. P=0.13 . q= 0.87
P(x= 0) < 0.04
Co gh? p? < 0.04
"Coq (0.87)" (0.13)° < 0.04
(0.87)" < 0.04
=> In (0.87)" 3)=PG.4.5) [Pars n= BC qht Pi
9 5
= 5¢, (0.25)5? (0.75)? = °C, (0.25) e(o7s4 2+ Co 45)
367 ~ 0.3955 + 0.2373
Required Prob. = 0.896 Monday
(ii) Required Probability’= 1 - P (C'C’)
Tuesday
=1-02%0 goteen oe
autbinees
8 Write Publications nhs sinc! eitrowtior
wid 49/P62/03
robability that Janice wi
The PI Y \ Janice will buy an item online
| puy more than one item online in any week. nT we Oe
\ @ Find the probability that, in a V-week riod,
ae period, Janice buys at most 7 items
‘Gi The probability that Janice buys i a
et 008 ys at least one itenfonline in « period of 1 weeks is
Find the smallest possible value of n
; 3)
solution:
mpgs zich = gel-03
fs grl-035 = g=065
@ n=10. Pixs 7)=?
x~Bi(n.P)
p(xeT)=1H[P(r=8)= P(= 9) = Pla= 10),
We know that P(x="
16, (0.68)"" (0.35)' +" 6, (0.65)"" (0.35) ~(6
P(xs7)
=]
43(0.65) (0.35) +10 65)(0235) +(035)" |
= 0.995 Ans.
qi) P(x2) 1 P(x 0.99
10.99 > (0.65) = 0.01>(065)"
in (0.01) > 1n(0.68)" 2-465 > nin(0.65)
4.605
4,605 > n( 0.43078) = n> Gag078
vided by 2-¥€ number
Inequality 1s reversed when multiplied o” di
- n> 10.69 > nail Ans: ‘Math A level P5 Worked Solution 108 Unit-5 Binomial distribution
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V 24, OIN 19/P62/04
In Quarendon, 66% of households are satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection. |
| (i) Find the probability that. out of 10 households chosen at random in Quarendon, at
l
least 8 are satisfied with the speed of their wifi connection. 13]
Solution:
P=066.g=1-P = g= 1-066 = 9 = 034
@) n=10 . P(x28)=P(8.9,10)
16
P(x28)=C(0.34)'"* (0.66) +C(034)"" (0.66)° +(0.66)"
= 0.18729 + 0.080793 + 0.015683 = 0.284 Ans.
