Professional Documents
Culture Documents
30 (2023): 103–195
https://doi.org/10.4467/20800909EL.23.005.17322
www.ejournals.eu/electrum
Catharine C. Lorber
Independent Researcher
Abstract
The paper provides a dossier of honors offered to Seleukid and Ptolemaic kings, preceded by
a brief introduction.
Introduction
Honors offered to Hellenistic rulers by their subjects are evidence for the favorable re-
ception of royal rule. “Honoring the King, Part 1” surveys the honors offered to Seleu-
kid rulers, with a focus on regions outside Asia Minor, and offers a comparison with
honors offered to the Ptolemies, again largely excluding Asia Minor. The relatively lim-
ited record of honors to Seleukid rulers outside Asia Minor could be evidence of tepid
support for Seleukid kingship in the east. But other factors might also account for the
peculiarities of the record. The early development of dynastic and royal cult by Ptole-
my II stimulated the offering of honors by courtiers and ultimately by other subjects,
resulting in a culture of conspicuous displays of loyalty, whereas several generations
*A first version of this paper was written for Seleukid Study Day VI, whose theme was the reception of
Seleukid rule. I am grateful to Altay Coşkun and Richard Wenghofor for inviting me to participate in Seleukid
Study Day VI, and to Vito Messina for useful discussions.
1
Part 1 was published in Electrum 29, 2022, 53–72.
104 Catharine C. Lorber
Seleukos I
2
Also listed in table of hyper honors for Seleukos I.
106 Catharine C. Lorber
Antiochos I
3
Interpreted as priest of founder cult for Seleukos I by W. M. Ramsay, Klio 23, 243, but this is doubted
by Habicht 1970, 105‒106.
4
Also listed in table of hyper honors for Antiochos I.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 107
Antiochos II
Seleukos II
Antiochos III
5
Duplicated by ISmyrna 723b and c (PHI Smyrna 195.5 and 195.7).
6
Also listed in table of honors for Seleukid officials.
108 Catharine C. Lorber
7
Also listed in table of honors for welfare of Antiochos III.
110 Catharine C. Lorber
Seleukos IV
Antiochos IV
Demetrios I
Antiochos VII
Antiochos VIII
Antiochos IX
Seleukos VI
Uncertain Seleukids
Seleukos I
Antiochos I
8
Also listed in table of direct honors to Seleukos I.
9
Also listed in table of direct honors to Antiochos I.
114 Catharine C. Lorber
Stratonike
Seleukos II
Antiochos III
10
The inscription may refer to the Attalid Queen Stratonike, but Smyrna was the center of the cult of the
Seleukid Stratonike.
11
IIasos 4 is also listed in table of direct honors to Antiochos III and Laodike.
12
Also listed in table of direct honors to Antiochos III.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 115
Seleukos IV
Antiochos III or IV
Antiochos IV
Demetrios I
Demetrios II
Antiochos VII
Uncertain Seleukid
Seleukos I
Antiochos I
Seleukos II
Antiochos III
13
Also listed as Capdetrey 4, dated to 168/7, in the reign of Antiochos IV.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 119
Seleukos IV
Antiochos IV
Demetrios I
Alexander I
Antiochos IX
Ptolemy I
14
According to Capdetrey 2008, 235, Arreneides may have been satrap of Susiana under Antiochos IV,
Antiochos V, Demetrios I, and/or Alexander I.
15
Attributed to Ptolemy IX and Berenike III by A. Łajtar in IVarsovie on the grounds that the cult epithet
Theos Soter is not attested before 282, but attributed to Ptolemy I on palaeographic grounds in the editio
princeps of O. Rubensohn, followed by Fraser 1972, 368 n. 229 and by Crowther in CPI, 259‒263.
122 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy II/Arsinoe II
16
This inscription also appears in the table of hyper dedications for Ptolemy II.
17
Reading of Aliquot 2009, 133 n. 33. Aliquot considered it uncertain which Ptolemy is honored.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 123
18
This inscription also appears in the table of hyper dedications for Ptolemy III.
124 Catharine C. Lorber
19
See also IG XII 2 528, IG XII Suppl. 125, and IG XII Suppl. 139 attesting same games.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 127
20
See also OGIS 46 = IHalikarnassos 26 attesting the same stoa and reporting the funding.
21
Also listed in the table of hyper dedications for Ptolemy II.
22
Chairemon is identified as a magistrate of Halikarnassos.
128 Catharine C. Lorber
Magas
Ptolemy III
23
Also listed in the table of hyper dedications for Ptolemy IV.
130 Catharine C. Lorber
24
Also listed in the table of hyper dedications for Ptolemy VI.
25
Also listed in the table of honors for Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 131
26
Priesthood of Ptolemy and Berenike attested by IG 2.2.891 and IG 2.2.4676.
132 Catharine C. Lorber
27
Attributed to Ptolemy IV, but the mention of children makes Ptolemy III more likely.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 133
Ptolemy IV
28
According to Palagia 2013, 146, the statues are of Ptolemy V and Arsinoe III.
136 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy V
29
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 139
Ptolemy VI
30
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials. The honorand was priest of Ptolemy Soter and
Ptolemy Epiphanes and Eucharistos.
31
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
32
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 141
33
Also listed in table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
142 Catharine C. Lorber
34
Also listed in table of honors to Ptolemaic officials
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 143
Ptolemy VII
Ptolemy VIII
35
Kleopatra III according to CPI.
36
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
37
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 145
38
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
39
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
40
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
146 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy IX
41
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials; the Artists of Dionysos and of the Theoi Euergetai
are also mentioned in OGIS 166.
42
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
43
Also listed in the table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 147
Ptolemy IX or X
44
Also listed in table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
148 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy X
Ptolemy XII
45
The very fragmentary inscription has been reconstructed as naming King Ptolemy and Queen Kleopatra
Theoi Philometores the Siblings and Queen Kleopatra Berenike, but it is very difficult to identify a corresponding
triad of rulers.
46
Also listed in the table of honors for Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 149
Kleopatra VII
Uncertain Lagids
Ptolemy I
Ptolemy II
47
Probably a forgery according to CPI.
48
Also listed in table of direct honors to Ptolemy I.
49
Also listed in the table of direct honors for Ptolemy II/Arsinoe II.
50
Chairemon is identified as a magistrate of Halikarnassos.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 153
Ptolemy III
51
Also listed in table of direct honors to Ptolemy II.
52
Attributed to Ptolemy II in CPI.
154 Catharine C. Lorber
53
Also listed in table of honors for Ptolemaic officials.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 155
Ptolemy IV
54
Also listed in table of direct honors for Ptolemy III.
156 Catharine C. Lorber
55
Attributed to Thebes in CPI because the inscription was purchased in Thebes.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 157
Ptolemy V
56
Also listed in the table of honors for Ptolemaic officials. The king and queen are named as recipients
of the eunoia of the strategos.
57
The Libo provenance was questioned by Aliquot (2004), p. 218, who suggested Tyre instead.
158 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy VI
58
Because Zeus Soter was the protector of soldiers, these priests were probably also soldiers.
59
For biographical information on Hakoris, see Clarysse in CPI, 173‒174.
160 Catharine C. Lorber
60
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy III.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 161
Ptolemy VIII
Ptolemy IX
Ptolemy IX or X
61
The names of the rulers are in the nominative, their cult titles in the genitive.
62
The epiklesis of the king is inconsistent with the date of the inscription.
168 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy X
63
Attributed to Aueris in CPI.
64
Also listed in table of honors to Ptolemaic officials.
170 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy XII
65
Duplicated by IHermoupolis 6 (25 January 78) = CPI 320.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 173
Kleopatra VII
66
Duplicated by IPhilae 53.
67
Attributed to Aueris in CPI.
174 Catharine C. Lorber
68
Attributed to Kleopatra III and Ptolemy IX in CPI.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 175
Ptolemy I or II
Ptolemy II
Ptolemy II or III
Ptolemy III
69
Duplicated by ICret 3.4.3.
70
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy III.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 177
Ptolemy IV
71
Also listed in the table of hyper honors for Ptolemy III.
72
Also listed in the table of hyper honors for Ptolemy IV.
178 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy V
73
According to Bernand, this is a Lycian confederation, not a unit of Lycian soldiers.
74
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VI.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 179
Ptolemy VI
75
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VI.
76
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VI.
77
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VI.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 181
78
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VI.
182 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy VIII
79
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 183
80
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
81
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
82
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
83
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
184 Catharine C. Lorber
84
Duplicated by IDélos 1529.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 185
85
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 187
86
Also listed in the table of direct honors (under Ptolemy VIII).
87
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
188 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy IX
88
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy VIII.
89
Also listed in the table of direct honors to Ptolemy IX.
190 Catharine C. Lorber
Ptolemy X
Ptolemy XII
90
Also listed in the table of hyper honors to Ptolemy X.
91
Also listed in the table of direct honors (under Ptolemy X).
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 191
Kleopatra VII
Uncertain Ptolemies
Abbreviations
COrdPtol – M.-T. Lenger, Corpus des Ordonnances des Ptolémées, 2nd ed., Brussels 1980.
CPI – A. K. Bowman, C. V. Crowther, The Epigraphy of Ptolemaic Egypt, Oxford 2020.
FD – G. Colin, E. Bourguet, D. Daux, A. Salaç, Fouilles de Delphes, vol. 3: Epigraphie, Paris 1929–.
IAkôris – É. Bernand, Les inscriptions grecques et latines d’Akôris, Cairo 1988.
IAmathonte – L. Thély, Inscriptions d’Amathonte XI: un autel en honneur de Ptolémée X et Bérénice III
découvert aux abords Sud-Ouest de l’Agora, BCH 139‒140, 2016: 464‒484.
IAmyzon – J. Robert, L. Robert, Fouilles d’Amyzon en Carie, vol. I: Exploration, histoire, monnaies et
inscriptions, Paris 1983.
IAlex – É. Bernand, Inscriptions grecques d’Alexandrie ptolémaïque, Cairo 2001.
ICret – M. Guarducci, Inscriptiones Creticae, Roma 1935–1950.
IDélos – F. Durrbach et al., Inscriptions de Délos, Paris 1926–1972.
IDelt – A. Bernand, Le Delta égyptien d’après les texts grecs. 1: Les confins libyques, 1–3, Cairo 1970.
IDidyma – A. Rehm, Didyma II: Die Inschriften, Berlin 1958.
IEphesos – H. Engelmann, D. Knabbe, R. Merkelbach, Die Inschriften von Ephesos. 4, Nr. 1001–1445
(IK 14), Bonn 1980.
IErythrai – H. Engelmann, R. Merkelbach, Die Inschriften von Erythrai und Klazomenai, Bonn 1972–1973.
IEstOr – F. Canali de Rossi, Iscrizioni dello estremo oriente greco: un repertorio, Bonn 2004.
IFay – É. Bernand, Recueil des inscriptions grecques du Fayoum, Leiden–Cairo 1975–1981.
IGCyr – C. Dobias-Lalou, Inscriptions of Greek Cyrenaica, Bologna 2017.
Honoring the King in the Seleukid and Ptolemaic Empires 193
Raphia Decree – H.-J. Thissen, Studien zum Raphiadekret, Meisenheim am Glan 1966.
RC – C. B. Welles, Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period: A Study in Greek Epigraphy, New
Haven, Conn. 1934.
RDAC – Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus.
RICIS – L. Bricault, Recueil des inscriptions concernant les cultes isiaques, Paris 2005.
Sarapieion Stela – M. Malinine, G. Posener, J. Vercoutter, Catalogue des stèles du Sérapéum de Mem-
phis, Paris 1968.
SB – F. Preisigke et al., Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten, Strassbourg–Berlin–Hei-
delberg–Wiesbaden 1913–.
Syll. – W. Dittenberger, Sylloge inscriptionum Graecarum, Leipzig 1915–1924.
TAM – Tituli Asiae Minoris, Vienna 1901–.
Tit. Calymnii – M. Segre, Tituli Calymnii, Bergamo 1952.
YBC – Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven.
YOS – Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian Texts, New Haven.
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