Professional Documents
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Generator Protection
Generator Protection
system
By
Saroj Kr. Mandal
Manager
29.06.2016
Protection system at TGS
Protection – General understanding?
A trip on any one of the three has a direct impact on the continued
operation of the other two causing interruption to power production
process
Bus
FB
Pumps
Excitation
What does TRIP mean
Boiler trip :
– Stops all fuel feed to Furnace
– Purpose – To clear out combustibles from the Boiler and prevent any
explosive condition from residual fuel mixture.
Turbine trip :
– Close all steam admission valves (ESV, GOV Valves)
– Purpose – Stop steam admission to ensure turbine speed is not increased and
coasts down. Open all drain lines of steam admission pipes upstream / down
stream valves to prevent accumulation of water which may enter the Turbine
Generator trip :
– Opens CB connecting Generator to Grid
Purpose – Isolate faulty generator from system
– Opens Field Circuit Breaker to cut-off excitation
Interlocks at TGS
86 G 86 U
86 B/ MFR 86 T/ RL1/7
Timer
Nomenclature of different Relays
415 V
Tie
Station Board
6.6 KV
MOTORS
GT ST LT
Unit Board
10.5 KV / 33 KV 33 KV / 6.6 KV MOTORS
MCC
UT BOARDS
10.5 KV / 6.6 KV
UAT
6.6 KV / 415 V
Incomer
Rotor
Generator
60 MW
10.5 KV
FC
NGT
86U & 86G.
86U- This is activated by any of the following trip initiating relays
On loss of field, magnetic linkage between rotor & stator reduces. This
protection operates by seeing reversal of effective reactance in case of field
failure in a generator and is provided by an “offset mho” relay, which operates
in a time delay 25 sec. But if there is under voltage (80% of rated terminal
voltage) along with field failure, this mho relay operates instantaneously (400
ms). If MW generation is low when the field failure occurs this relay may not
trip on “MW” value.
6.Reverse Power Protection: 32
•Protection against motoring.
•This protection operates by sensing active power reversal at machine terminal (in
case of a generator MW flows out to the bus-bar from machine but in a motor
active power flows in from the bus-bar). A time delay is provided before actual
tripping to take care of sudden reversal of active power for a short duration e.g.,
in case of synchronizing (machine moving faster than the system). This relay used
is 0.5% of rated power that is 300 KW with a time delay of 30sec.
•There is not enough steam in turbine to carry away the heat, resulting turbine
heating
First rotor earth fault will not cause any problem in the machine but second rotor E/F
will result in damages in rotor winding and in high vibration of the rotor. This will
result in bent shaft and damage bearings.
First rotor E/F will only generate an annunciation. It is so designed that it will give
annunciation even if the first rotor E/F occurs when the machine on barring – gear or
stationary.
If the first rotor E/F annunciation can not be reset it indicates a permanent fault. The
machine should be immediately shut down and the second rotor E/F relay to be put in
circuit.
Rotor E/F Protection
86G : This is activated by any of the following trip
initiating relays
1. GT O/C & E/F Protection: 51R,N,B
• Over current relay is set at 150% with a time delay of 0.4 sec.
• Earth fault relay is set at 20% with a time delay of 0.9 sec.
5. BUS
BUS--BAR Differential Protection: 86BB
The relay used is 96BB which is used for 33KVBus Zone Protection
TURBINE TRIP CONDITIONS: 86T
Optional :