Pages 5-50

Engineering Mechanics
1. Forces are called concurrent when their

lines of action meet in
(a) One point (b) Two points
(c) Plane
(d) Perpendicular planes
2. A stone of mass m at the end of a string of
length L is whirled in a vertical circle at a
constant speed. The tension in the string
will be maximum when the stone is
(a) At the top of the circle
(b) Half-way down from the top
(c) Quarter-was down from the top
(d) At the bottom of the circle [GATE]
3. The motion of a bicycle wheel is
(a) Linear
(b) Rotary
(c) Translator
(d) Rotary as well translatory
4. A shell is fired from cannon with a speed v
at an angle with the horizontal direction.
At the highest point in its path it explodes
into two pieces of equal mass. One of the
pieces retraces its path to the cannon. The
speed of other piece immediately after
explosion is
v sin 0
↑
A
SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
0
v cos
(a) 3v cos 0
3
(c) -v cos 0
B
v cos 8
(b) 2v cos 0
(d)
IN
-Vcos
[GATE]
5. Forces are called coplanar when all of them
acting on body lie in
(a) One point (b) Two points
(c) One plane
(d) Perpendicular planes [GATE]
6. A block of mass 5 kg is thrust up at 30°
inclined plane with an initial velocity of
4 m/sec. It travels a distance of 1.0 m
before it comes to rest. The force of
friction acting on it would be
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 15.5
(d) 6
7. The locus of instantaneous centre of a
moving rigid body
(a) Involute
(b) Cycloid
(c) Epicycloids (d) Centrode
8. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius r
starts rolling from rest along an inclined
plane. If it rolls without slipping from a
vertical height h, the velocity of its centre
of mass when it reaches the bottom is
(a) √2gh
(b) √2gh
(c) √gh
9. A force acting on a body may
(a) Introduce internal stresses
5
(d) None of these
[GATE]
M
(b) Balance the other forces acting on it
(c) Retard its motion
(d) All of the above
10. A spring scale indicates a tension T in
the right hand cable of the pulley system
shown in the figure. Neglecting the
mass of the pulleys and ignoring friction
between the cable and pulley the mass m is
T
Spring
Scale
6
(a)
(c)
700 700
2T
T(1+eª”)
g
(d) None of the above
(b)
Objective Type Questions in Mechanical Engineering
14. A wheel of mass m and radius is in
accelerated rolling motion without slip
under a steady axle torque. If the coefficient
of kinetic friction is μ, the friction force
from the ground on the wheel is
[GATE]
11. The resultant of a force acting on a body
will be zero, if the body
(a) Rotates
(b) Does not rotate
(c) Rotates with uniform acceleration
(d) Rotates with uniform deceleration
12. A ball A of mass m falls under gravity
from a heighth and strikes another ball
B of mass m which is supported at rest on
a spring of stiffness k. Assume perfectly
elastic impact. Immediately after the
impact
√2gh
(a) The velocity of ball A is
(b) The velocity of ball A is zero
(c) The velocity of both balls is √√2gh
√2gh
[GATE]
13. Which is the correct statement about law
of polygon of forces?
(a) If any number of forces acting at a
point can be represented by sides of
a polygon taken in order, then the
forces are in equilibrium.
(b) If any number of forces acting
at a point can be represented in
direction and magnitude by the sides
of a polygon, then the forces are in
equilibrium.
(c) If a polygon representing forces acting
at a point is closed then forces are in
equilibrium.
(d) If any number of forces acting
at a point can be represented in
direction and magnitude by the sides
of a polygon taken in order, then the
forces are in equilibrium.
(a) μmg
(c) Zero
15. Polar moment of inertia is
A
(b) Tr
(d) None of these
(a) Same as moment of inertia
(b) Applicable to mass
asses whereas
moment of inertia is applicable to area
only
(c) The moment of inertia for an area
relative to linear axis perpendicular
to the plane of the area
(d) The moment of inertia for an area
relative to a line or axis parallel to
the centroidal axis
16. AB and CD two uniform and identical
bars of mass 10 kg each, as shown in the
figure given below. The hinges at A and B
are frictionless. The assembly is released
from rest and motion occurs in the vertical
plane. At the instant that the hings B passes
the point B, the angle between the two bars
will be
'90°
1m
[GATE]
30°
B
0.5 m
0.5 m
B
(a) 60 degrees
(b) 37.4 degrees
(c) 30 degrees (d) 45 degrees
[GATE]
17. Effect of a force on a body depends upon
(a) Magnitude. (b) Direction
(c) Position or line of action
18. A rod of length 1 m is sliding in a corner
as shown in the figure. At an instant when
the rod makes an angle of 60 degrees with
the horizontal plane the velocity of point
A on the rod is 1 m/s. The angular velocity
of the rod at this instant
AS A
1 m/s
1m
60°
(a) 2 rad/s
(b) 1.5 rad/s
(c) 0.5 rad/s
(d) 0.75 rad/s [GATE]
19. If the angle of friction is zero a body will
experience
125 mm
(a) Infinite friction
(b) Zero friction
(c) The force of friction will act normal
to the plane
(d) The force of friction will act in
direction of motion
20. A mass of 35 kg is suspended from a
weightless bar AC, which is supported by
a cable CB and a pm at A as shown in the
figure. The pin reactions at A on the bar
AB are
X
T
275 mm
B
m
(a) R = 343.4 N
R₁ = 755.4 N
(b) R = 343.4 N
R₁ = 0
(c) R = 755.4 N
R₁ = 343.4 N
(d) R = 755.54 N
R₁ = 0
[GATE]
21. If a number of forces act simultaneously
on a particle, it is possible
(a) Not to replace them by a single force
(b) To replace them by a single force
(c) To replace them by a single force
through C.G.
(d) To replace them by a couple and a force.
22.A car moving with uniform acceleration
covers 450 m in a 5 second interval, and
covers 700 m in the next 5 second interval.
The acceleration of the car is
(a) 7 m/s²
(b) 50 m/s²
(d) 10 m/s² [GATE]
23. The area under stress-strain curve
(c) 25 m/s²
represents
(a) Hardness of material
(b) Breaking strength of the material
(c) Energy required to cause failure
(d) Malleability of material
24. As shown in the figure a person A is
standing at the centre of a rotating platform
facing person B who is riding a bicycle,
heading East. The relevant speeds and
distances are shown in the figure a person
a bicycle, heading East. At the instant
under cosideration, what is the apparent
velocity of B as seen by A?
v = 8 m/s
T
5m
:
B
7
· · · · · · · · · · ·-·
(a) 3 m/s heading East
= 1 rad/s
8
(b) 3 m/s heading West
(c) 8 m/s heading East
(d) 13 m/s heading East
25. When trying to turn a key into a lock
following is applied
[GATE]
(a) Coplanar force
(b) Non-coplanar forces
(c) Lever
(d) Couple
26. A steel wheel of 600 m diameter rolls on a
horizontal steel rail. It carries a load of 500
N. The coefficient of rolling resistance is
0.3 mm. The force in N, necessary to roll
the wheel along the rail is
(a) 0.5
(b) 5
(c) 15
(d) 150
[GATE]
27. If a system is in equilibrium and the
position of the system depends upon
many independent variables, the principle
fvirtual work states that partial derivaties
of its total potential energy with respect to
each of the independent variable must be
- 1.0
(b) 0
(a)
(c) 1.0
(d) ∞ [GATE 2006]
28. An automobile of weight W is shown in
the figure, a pull 'P' is applied as shown.
The reaction at the front wheels (location
A) is
B
(a)
(c)
W
W pb
2 2a
-
W pb
2
26
a
(b)
(d)
ENN
W pb
2 2a
W
29. A number of forces acting at pointing will
be in equilibrium if
(a) Their total sum is zero
(b) Two resolved parts in two directions
at right angles are equal
f
2
b
P
[GATE]
(c) Sum of resolved parts in any two
perpendicular directions are both zero
(d) All of them are inclined equally
30. A reel of mass m and radius of gyration k is
rolling down smoothly from rest with one
end of the thread wound on it held in the
ceiling as depicted in the figure. Consider
the thickness of the thread and its mass
negligible in comparison with the radius
r of the hub and reel mass m. Symbol g
represents the accelearation due to gravity.
Thread
(a)
The linear acceleaqration of the reel is
gk²
(x² +k²)
(c)
gr²
(r² +k²)
Reel
grk
(r² +k²)
(b)
r (hub radius)
(d)
mgr²
(r² +k²)
[GATE]
31. A reel of mass m and radius of gyration k is
rolling down smoothly from rest with one
end of the thread wound on it held in the
ceiling as depicted in the figure. Consider
the thickness of the thread and its mass
negligible in comparison with the radius r
of the hub and the reel mass m. Symbol g
represents the acceleration due to gravity.
The tension in the thread is [GATE]
Thread
(a)
(c)
mgr²
(r² +k²)
mgk²
(r² +k²)
Real
(b)
(d)
r (hub radius)
mgrk
(r² +k²)
F&
mg
(r² +k²)
32. According to principal of moments
(a) If a system of coplanar forces is in
equilibrium, then their algebraic sum
is zero
(b) If a system of coplanar forces is in
equilibrium, then the algebraic sum
of their moments about any point in
their plane is zero
(c) The algebraic sum of moments of any
two forces about any point is equal to
moment of their-resultant about the
same point
(d) Positive and negative couples can be
balanced
33. A concentrated force, F, is applied
(perpendicular to the plane of the figure)
on the tip of the bent bar shown in the
figure. The equivalent load at a section
close to the fixed end is
(a) Force F
(b) Force F and bending moment FL
(c) Force F and twisting moment FL
(d) Force F, bending FL, and twisting
moment FL
[GATE]
34. During inelastic collision of two particles,
which one of the following is conserved?
(a) Total linear momentum only
(b) Total kinetic energy only
(c) Both linear momentum and kinetic
energy
(d) Neither linear momentum nor kinetic
energy
[GATE 2007]
35. A block of steel is loaded by a tangential
force on its top surface while the bottom
surface is held rigidly. The deformation of
the block is due to
(a) Shear only
(b) Bending only
(c) Shear and bending
(d) Torsion
[GATE]
36. According to law of triangle of forces
(a) Three forces acting at a point will be
in equilibrium
(b) Three forces acting at a point can be
represented by a triangle, each side
being proportional to force
(c) If three forces acting upon a particle
are represented in magnitude and
direction by the sides of a triangle,
taken in order, they will be in
equilibrium
(d) If three forces acting at a point
are in equilibrium, each forces is
proportional to the sine of the angle
between the other two
37. A straight rod of length L(1), hinged at one
end and freely extensible at the other end,
rotates through an angle 0(1) about the
hinge. At time t, L(1) = 1 m, Ž(1) = 1 m/s,
0(1) rad and 0 (t) = 1 rad/s. The
4
magnitude of the velocity at the other end
of the rod is
πC
10
(a) 1 m/s
(c) √3 m/s
(b) √2 m/s
(d) 2 m/s
[GATE 2008]
38. D'Alembert's principle is used for
(a) 1.88
(b) 3.56
(c) 6.12
(d) 11.56
(a) Reducing the problem of kinetics to
equivalent statics problem
(b) Determining stresses in the truss
(c) Stability of floating bodies
(d) Designing safe structures
39. Mobility of a statically indeterminate
structure is
(a) ≤-1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) ≥2 [GATE 2010]
40. Two coplanar couples having equal and
opposite moments
(a) Balance each other
(b) Produce a couple and an unbalanced
force
(c) Are equivalent
(d) Cannot balance each other
41. There are two points P and Q on a planar
rigid body. The relative velocity between
the two points
[GATE 2010]
(a) Should always be along PQ
(b) Can be oriented along any direction
(c) Should always be perpendicular to PQ
(d) Should be along QP when the body
undergoes pure translation
42. The centre of gravity of a uniform lamina
lies at
(a) The centre of heavy portion
(b) The bottom surface
(c) The mid point of its axis
43. A band brake having band-width of
80 mm, drum diameter of 250 mm,
coefficient of friction of 0.25 and angle of
wrap of 270 degrees is required to exert a
friction torque of 1000 Nm. The maximum
tension (in kN) developed in the band is
[GATE 2010]
44. Centre of gravity of a solid cone lies on the
axis at the height
(a) One-fourth of the total height above
base
(b) One-third of total height above base
(c) One-half of the total height above
base
(d) Three-eight of the total height above
the above
45. The possible loading in various members
of framed structures are
(a) Compression or tension
(b) Buckling or shear
(c) Shear of tension
46. If a suspended body is struck at the centre
of percussion, then the pressure on the axis
passing through the point of suspension
will be
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum
(c) Zero
(d) Inifinite
47. The coefficient of friction depends on
(a) Area of contact
(b) Strength of surfaces
(c) Nature of surface
48. The ratio of limiting friction and normal
reaction is known as
(a) Coefficient of friction
(b) Angle of friction
(c) Angle of repose
(d) Sliding friction
49. Limiting force of friction is the
(a) Tangent of angle between normal
reaction and the resultant of normal
reaction and limiting friction
(b) Ratio of limiting friction and normal
reaction.
(c) The friction force acting when the
body is just about to move
(d) The friction force acting when the
body is in motion
50. Dynamic friction as compared to static
friction is
(a) Same
(c) Less
(d) May be less or more depending on
nature of surface and velocity
(b) More
51. The maximum frictional force which comes
into play when a body just begins to slide
over another surface is called
(a) Limiting friction
(b) Sliding friction
(c) Rolling friction
(d) Kinematic friction
52. In ideal machines
(a) Mechanical advantage is greater than
velocity
(b) Mechanical advantage is equal to
velocity ratio
(c) Mechanical advantage is less than
velocity ratio
(d) Mechanical advantage is unity
53. Tension in a string is maximum at
(a) Left support (b) Right support
(c) Mid way (d) Quarter span
54. For a machine to be self-locking, its
efficiency should be
(a) 100%
(b) Less than 67%
(c) Less than 50%
(d) More than 50%
55. A jet engine works on the principle of
conservation of
(a) Energy
(c) Angular momentum
(d) Linear momentum
56. When a horse pulls a cart, he moves
forward by the force
(b) Mass
(a) Exerted on him by the cart
(b) He exerts on the cart
(c) He exerts on the ground
(d) Exerted on him by the ground
57. A rubber ball strikes a wall and rebounds.
A lead ball of the same mass and velocity
strikes the same wall and falls down.
Which of the following statements is
correct?
(a) Both undergo an equal change in
momentum
(b) The momentum of rubber ball is less
than that of lead ball
11
(c) The change in momentum suffered
by lead ball is less than that of rubber
ball
(d) Behavior of lead ball and rubber ball
is unpredictable
58. When the spring of a watch is wound it
will possess
(a) Heat energy (b) Kinetic energy
(c) Potential energy
(d) Wound energy
59. In S.H.M. we have conservation of
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Momentum
(d) Total energy
60. The maximum efficiency of a screw jack
with square threads and friction angle of
30° can be
(a) 100%
(b) 50%
(c) 33%
(d) 30%
61. A machine is said to be irreversible if its
efficiency is
(a) 100%
(b) 0%
(c) 50%
(d) Less than 50%
62. In the mechanism given below, if the
angular velocity of the eccentric circular
12
45
(a) 0.05
(c) 5.0
0.8 N
disc is 1 rad/s, the angular velocity (rad/s)
of the follower link for the instant shown
in the figure is
5
(a) 0
(c) 0.98 N
25
(b) 0.1
(d) 10.0
[GATE 2012]
63. A 1 kg block is resting on a surface with
coefficient of friction μ = 0.1. A force of
0.8 N is applied to the block as shown in
figure. The friction force is
1 kg
(b) 0.8 N
(d) 1.2 N
[GATE 2011]
64. A stone with mass 0.1 kg is catapulted
as shown in the figure. The total force F
(in N) exerted by the rubber band as a
function of distance x (in m) is given by
F = 300x². If the stone is displaced by
0.1 m from the un-stretched position
(x = 0) of the rubber band, the energy
stored in the rubber band is
Stone of
mass 0.1 kg
(a) 0.01 J
(c) 1 J
B
[GATE 2011]
65. Two steel truss members, AC and BC, each
having cross sectional area of 100 mm²,
are subjected to a horizontal force F as
shown in figure. All the joints are hinged
A
45°
(a) 0.63
(c) 1.26
60°
(b) 0.1 J
(d) 10 J
If F = 1 kN, the magnitude of the vertical
reaction force developed at the point B in
kN is
(a) 8.17
(c) 11.15
F
(b) 0.32
(d) 1.46
[GATE 2012]
66. The maximum force F in kN in above
figure that can be applied at C such that
the axial stress in any of the truss members
does not exceed 100 MPa is
(b) 14.14
(d) 22.30 [GATE 2012]
67. A link OB is rotating with a constant
angular velocity of 2 rad/s in counter
clockwise direction and a block is sliding
radially outward on it with an uniform
velocity of 0.75 m/s with respect to the
rod, as shown in the figure below. If OA
= 1 m, the magnitude of the absolute
acceleration of the block at location A in
m/s² is
(a) 3
(c) 5
B,
(b) 4
(d) 6 [GATE 2013]
68. Maximum height of projectile on a
horizontal plane is given by
(a) 2 u.sin a/g (b) u².sin 2a/g
(c) u².sin² a/2g (d) u³.sin 2a/g
[HPSC, 2013]
69. Polar moment of inertia of a rod of mass
Mand circular cross-section with diameter
D is given by
(a) (π/64).Dª (b) (π/64).MD²
(c) (π/32).MD² (d) (π/32).Dª
[HPSC, 2013]
70. "If a number of co-planer forces are acting
simultaneously on a particle, the algebraic
sum of the moments of all the forces about
any point is equal to the moment of their
resultant force about the same point". This
principle is known as
(a) D'Alembert's principle
(b) Lami's Theorem
(c) Verignon's principle
(d) Principle of tranmissibility of forces
[HPSC, 2013]
71. Two blocks with masses M and m are in
contact with each other and are resting
13
on a horizontal frictionless floor. When
horizontal force F is applied to the heavier,
the blocks accelerate to the right. The force
between the two blocks are
M
(a) mF/(M+m) (b) MF/m
(c) mF/M
@M
M+2m
[ISRO 2011]
72. The mass moment of inertia of a cube with
edges of length b, about an axis passing
through an edge
mb²
(a)
20M
M+2m
m
(d) (M+m)F/m
mb²
2
6
3mb²
2mb²
(c)
(d)
[ISRO 2011]
2
3
73. A uniform circular ring of mass M and
radius r is rotating with an angular speed
w about an axis passing through its centre
and perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
Two identical beads, each of mass m,
somehow get attached at two diametrically
opposite points. The rotational speed of the
ring will become
(a)
(b)
(b)
@M
M+m
(c)
(d) w
[ISRO]
74. An electric lift is moving downward with
an acceleration of g/3, the vertical force
between a passenger in the lift and its floor
is equal to
(a) 3/4 of the passanger's weight
(b) 2/3 of the passenger's weight
(c) Passenger's weight
(d) 4/3 of the passenger's weight [ISRO]
75. A heavy block of mass m is slowly placed
on a conveyer belt moving with speed v. If
coefficient of friction between block and
the belt is u, the block will slide on the belt
through distance
14
(a)
µg
JHS
1²
(c)
(d)
[ISRO]
µg
2µg
76. A car moving with speed u can be stopped
in minimum distance x when brakes are
applied. If the speed becomes n times, the
minimum distance over which the car can
be stopped would take the value
(a)
(b) nx
(c)
(d) n²x
[ISRO]
77. A body of mass 10 kg moving with a
velocity of 1 m/s is acted upon by a force
of 50 N for two second. The final velocity
of the body is
(a) 22 m/sec
(b) 1 m/sec
(c) √√21 m/sec (d) 11 m/sec [ISRO]
78. If two bodies one light and other heavy
have equal kinetic energies, which one has
a greater momentum
n
x
2
V
(a) Heavy body (b) Light body
(c) Both have equal momentum
(d) It depends on the actual velocities
79. A heavy block of mass m is slowly placed
on a conveyer belt moving with speed v. If
coefficient of friction between block and
the belt is μ, the block will slide on the belt
through distance
(a)
µg
V
(b)
2
(a) 7 m/s?
(c) 25 m/s²
81. A particle starts with a velocity 2m/sec and
moves on a straight-line track with retardation
0.1 m/sec². The time at which the particle is 15
m from the starting point would be
(a) 10 sec
(b) 20 sec
(c) 50 sec
(d) 40 sec
82. Two particles with masses in the ratio 1:4
[ISRO]
are moving with equal kinetic energies.
The magnitude of their linear momentums
will conform to the ratio
(b)
Jug
(c)
(d)
[ISRO]
μg
2μúg
80. A car moving with uniform acceleration
covers 450 m in a 5 second interval, and
(b) 50 m/s²
(d) 10 m/s² [ISRO]
(a) 1:8
(c) √2:1
(b) 1:2
(d) √₂
[ISRO]
83. A stone is projected horizontally from a
cliff at 10 m/sec and lands on the ground
below at 20 m from the base of the cliff.
Find the height of the cliff.
Use g = 10 m/sec²
(a) 18 m
(b) 20 m
(c) 22 m
(d) 24 m
[ISRO]
84. Two metallic blocks having masses in the
ratio 2:3 are made to slide down a friction
less inclined plane starting initially from
rest position. When these blocks reach
the bottom of the inclined plane, they will
have their kinetic energies in the ratio
(a) 2:3
(b) 3:5
(d) 7:4
(c) 3:2
85. A particle is projected at an angle 0 to the
horizontal and it attains a maximum height
H. The time taken by the projectile to reach
the highest point, of its path is
√H
2H
(a)
(b)
8
g
2H sin 0
√2H
sin
(c)
86. The tension in the cable supporting a lift
moving upwards is twice the tension when
the lift moves downwards. What is the
acceleration of the lift?
(d)
(a) g/4
(b) g/3
(d) g
(c) g/2
87. For the apparent weight of a body at
equator to become zero, the earth should
rotate with an angular velocity of
(a)
2g
(b)
| ool
(d)
g
g
g
(c)
2r
88. The angular momentum of a system is
conserved if there
(a) are no forces present;
(b) are no magnetic forces present;
(c) is no net force on
system
(d) are no torque present
[PTU, PhD. Entrance 2012]
89. A cube strikes a billiard ball, exerting
an average force of 50 N over a time of
10 milisecond. If the ball has mass of
0.20 kg, its speed after the impact will be
(a) 0.5 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s
(c) 2.5 m/s
(d) 5.0 m/s
[PTU, Ph.D Entrance 2012]
90. According to the Lami's theorem
(a) Three forces acting at a point will be
in equilibrium
(b) Three forces acting at a point can be
represented by a triangle each side
being proportional to force
(c) If three forces acting upon a particle
are represented in magnitude and
direction by the sides of a triangle
taken in order they will be in
equilibrium
two.
(d) If three forces acting at a point are in
equilibrium each force is proportional to
the sine of the angle between the other
91. A car moving with uniform acceleration
covers 450 m in a 5 second interval and
(a) 7 m/s²
(b) 50 m/s²
(c) 25 m/s²
(d) 10 m/s²
[ISRO 2010]
92. A particle starts from rest with a constant
acceleration a m/sec² and after sometime
15
it decelerates at a uniform rate of ß m/
sec² till it comes to rest. If the total time
taken between two rests positions is t, the
maximum velocity acquired by the particle
would be
Vmax
(a) a+B₁
2
(c)
aß
Cap pas
*+Br
k
(b)
[ISRO 2010]
93. A stone of mass m at the end of a string of
length 1 is whirled in a vertical circle at a
constant speed. The tension in the string
will be maximum when the stone is
(a) At the top of the circle
(d)
(b) Half-way down from the top
(c) Quarter-way down from the top
(d) At the bottom of the circle [ISRO]
94. Ratio of the radii of the planet P, and
P₂ is k and ratio of the accelerations due
to gravity on them is s. Ratio of escape
velocities from them will be
(a) ks
(b) √ks
S
(a) 0.5 m/s
(c) 2.5 m/s
2
α+ß
α-ß
(d)
(c)
[ISRO]
95. A ball moving with a velocity of 5
m/s impinges on a fixed plane at an
angle of 45°, its direction after impact is
equally inclined to the line of impact. If
coefficient of restitution is 0.5, the velocity
of the ball after impact will be
(b) 1.5 m/s
(d) 3.5 m/s
√
16
71. F= (m+ M)a
F
(m+ M)
:. Force between them
73.
74.
72. MI of square
75.
76.
a=
77.
=mxa=
if
mb²
Ans. (b)
6
MI does not depend on length of body
along axis
. MI along edge
= m
b
√√2
1,00₁
(Mr²) w
Iring
w' =
W
Beff
W
[:u=0]
H
|2as
=
S
▬
U
S
S
f
=
1² =
=
a = ug
=
=
mF
(m + M)
V = 0
a =
mb² 2 mb² Ans. (d)
+
6 3
12002
(2mr² + Mr²) × w'
MR²
Mo
2m+ M
mg eff
g-g/3
2mg
3
2as + u²
2(ug)s ⇒
u² + 2as
u²
2|a|
= nu
2
n's
n²x
ma
50
10
SOLUTIONS
Ans. (d)
a is - ve
= 5 m/s²
S=
Ans.(a)
Ans. (b)
2ug
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
78.
81.
82.
m₁
KE
84.
KE =
v = u + at
v =
V =
< M₂
Here
p² a 2m
Ans (a) Heavy body has greater momentum
80.
KE₂
p²
2m
450
s = ut+at²
2
700 =
From (1) & (2)
V = u + 5a,
m₁
m₂
KE
P₁
P2
83. Horizontally
1 +5 × 2
11 m/s
a = 10
15 = 2t
Ans. (d)
//m,v,² = 1/2 m2 2²
v
2
m₁v₁ ² = m₂v₂²
KE
=
Su +
=
t = 10 or 30
KE
KE₂
KE2
p² a 2m
(4+ 5a)5 +
=
28-14
20 = 10 t
t = 2 sec
10 sec
25a
2
0.1,2
2
m₂
Vertically, H= 10×(2)²
2
2
WIN
3
2
- m₁v²²
1
2
25a
2
m₂v²
.. (1)
.. (2)
...
Ans. (d)
KE₂
Velocity on reaching the ground √√2gH
1
Ans.(a)
= 20m
Ans. (b)
Ans. (b)
V1
85.
86.
87.
KE
KE2
Hence, ₁
g+a
g-a
=
-
V/₂
3
W =
2u sin 0
g
t
NIS
(v=2.5 m/s)
2
g'
g' 0 (λ=0)
g
2H
g
= 2⇒ Hence a=8
3
H=
(g-w²r cos²2)
50 × 10-² = 0.2 × v
Ans.(a)
in² 0
u sin
2g
Ans. (b)
Ans. (b)
88. (By theorem of conservation of angular
momentum)
Ans. (d)
89. (Fdt = p)
Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
90.
91.
92.
94.
95.
A
C
(sin sinB sinc
a
b
C
$₂
ut + = at²
1
(u+at)t +-at²
2
u+ at
V
Add v(a +ß)
V =
-(11-1₂).
(²₁-4₂)
=
aßt
a + ß
Vescape velocity = √2gR
= e
=
17
U₂=0, e=0.5
Ans. (d)
at, multiply by B
ßt₂ multiply by a
aß(₁₁ +1₂)
Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)
Ans. (b)
Ans. (d)
CHAPTER
2
2.1 SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS
1. The internal resistance which the body offers to meet the load against
deformation is called
stress. When any type of simple stress develops, we can calculate the magnitude of
the stress
by
O=
Modulus of elasticity
Where o = stress, P = load,
and A = area over which stress develops.
2. The strain (e) is the deformation produced by the stress.
increase in length
Tensile strain,
original length
Moduls of rigidity,
=
P
A
8
1
E =
=
81
I
Compressive strain
Shear strain,
Volumetric strain,
3. Hooke's law states that within elastic limit, stress varies directly
proportional to strain
i.e. stress a strain or
Stress
Strain
= tan =
SV
Strength of Materials
= constant
e
decrease in length
original length
(Since is very small)
Ơn
Bulk modulus of elasticity, K = -
e,
T
es
Direct stress
C = (or N, or G)
4. The ratio of lateral strain to linear strain is known as Poisson's ratio
lateral or secondary strain
i.e. Poisson's ratio
linear or primary strain
18
m
5. Relations between elastic moduli:
6. Temperature strain
Temperature stress
E
E
1 = 3K(1-2)
E
b
= 2C (1+1)
a (1₂-1₁) E
2.2 PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND STRAINS
1. Stresses in a tensile member:
Tmax
Greatest shear stress produced
2. Two mutually perpendicular
b
tan
=
n
= α
α (1₂-1₁)
T=
= α
σ₁
σ1
9KC
3K+C
H
direct stresses:
=
T =
=
P 2
P
-cos² 0,t=sin 0 cos 0.
P
2A
3. Two dimensional stress (General):
σx + ay σx
+
2
σx
2
O -0
X
2
9|
2
n
T
y
V
0x + 0,
y
O -O
2
y
sin 20
2
σx +σ,
X
V
2
+
2
0²/1 + 7²
2
-O
+
V
sin 20-Tycos 20
tan o
O
Principal stresses, maximum shear stress, angles of inclination:
Major principal stress,
cos 20
őx
cos 20+ sin 20
-Oy
2
2
+
19
20
Minor principal stress, ₂
Maximum shear stress, Tmax
tan 20
4. Principal strains e₁,e₂ and
²3
Where
e₁
€2
€3
=
M
=
are:
My
σx + Oy
2
1. Bending equation is given as follows:
σ
yjE₁
0₁-0₂
2
28 xy
ox-oy
03
σ₁ 0₂
E mE mE
2.3 BENDING STRESSES IN BEAMS
=
01
02
E ME
TE
0₂
03 σ₁
E mE mE
-
moment of resistance,
I = moment of inertia of the section about neutral axis (N.A.),
Young's modulus of elasticity,
R = radius of curvature of neutral axis,
0 = bending stress.
03
mE
2. Section modulus (Z) is given by the relation Z = !
y
3. In case of a flitched beam:
M = M₁ + M₂
M₂
E1, E₂1₂
M
E
1 y R
+ 1²
0₂
Y₂ E₂
2.4 THIN SHELLS
1. A cylindrical vessel or shell may be thin or thick depending upon the thickness
of the plate in
relation to internal diameter of the cylinder. The ratio of
1
can be considered as a suitable
d
20
line of demarcation between thin and thick cylinders. In thin cylinders, the
stresses may be
assumed uniformly distributd over the wall thickness.
2. Thin cylinders are frequently required to operate under pressure upto 30 MN/m²
or more; for
high pressures such as 250 MN/m² or more, thick cylinders are used.
3. Hoop or circumferential stress:
and
4. Longitudinal stress:
and
where
t₁
-
2
1
m
bº
bº
e ===
d
5
01
01
dd σc 1%-
E mE
5. Maximum shear stress (max): m
max
=
1. Torsion equation:
=
pd for a seam less shell
2t
1₁
pd
2mm/
pd
4t
pd
8t
6. Cylindrical shell with hemispherical ends:
1
...
=
pd
4mc
www
...
n = efficiency of the longitudinal joint
efficiency of the circumferential joint
nc
for no distortion at the junction cylindrical and hemispherical portions.
¹2 = 0.5 ... for maximum stress to be same in both of cylindrical and hemispherical
portion
ħ₁
Where
for a seamless shell
...
for a built up shell
1₂
7. Change in dimensions of a thin cylindrical shell due to an internal pressure:
=
for a built up shell
wall thickness of cylindrical portion
wall thickness of hemispherical portion.
dd oc 10₁
d E m E
e₁
8. Change in dimensions of a spherical shell:
32
81_ 0₁ 1%c
I E mE
¹º -% (1-1)- p² (¹-1)
pd
E m
4tE m
2.5 TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS
P
2. Polar moment of inertia of the shafts:
Ip
T T ce
TMIHI
R I
21
D... for a solid shaft
22
and
Ip
3. Power transmitted by the shaft:
P =
Tl₂
Tly
C₁₁ C₁1P₂
Then,
4. Shafts in series:
When two shafts are connected in series each shaft transmits the same torque; the
angle of
twist is the sum of the angles of twist of the two shafts.
i.e.
0 = 0₁ +0₂
3. Springs in series:
Springs in parallel
Where
And
When shafts are made of same material
i.e.
C = C₁ = C₂
0
T
(Dª – dª)... for a hollow shaft
32
= T
(4)
+
C
pl
p2
Here the driving torque is applied at one end and the resisting torque at the
other.
2.6 SPRINGS
T =
2ÂNT
60×1000
k
ta
U =
1. Types of springs : (i) Helical springs, (ii) Leaf springs, (iii) Torsion
springs, (iv) Circular
springs, (v) Belleville springs and (vi) Flat springs.
2. Close-coiled helical springs subjected to ‘axial load:
U =
=
l₂
C₁Ip C₁p2
pl
T
8 = R0,
16WR
nd³
-kW, where T is the mean/average torque in Nm.
7²
+
4C
1w8
W
Cd4
8 64R³n
1 1
+
k₁k₂
0
8
▬▬▬
64WR²n
Cd4
64WR³n
Cd4
-x volume of springs
Energy stored, U = -xTx0
Z*TXO
k = k₁ + k₂
k₁ stiffness of spring 1, k₂ = stiffness of spring 2,
k = stiffness of composite spring.
2.7 STRAIN ENERGY AND DEFLECTION DUE TO SHEAR AND BENDING
1. The strain energy stored by the body, 'within' elastic limit when loaded
externally is called
'Resilience' and the maximum energy which a body stores 'upto' elastic limit is
called the
'Proof resilience'.
Proof resilience per unit volume of piece is called 'modulus of resilience'
2. Strain energy stored in the bar:
Proof resilience,
U
U₂
and modulus of resilience
3. Stress (instantaneous) due to suddenly applied load
2W
W
=2x-
σsu
A
= 2 × stress due to gradually applied load
6. Strain energy in torsion:
(a) For a solid shaft,
%
2E
4. Instantaneous stress due to falling load,
(b) For a hollow shaft
σ¡
If is negligible as compared to h, then
2WhE
Al
o² Al_o²V
2E
2E
o²V
2E
U
2W
And if
A
Which means the load is suddenly applied and not the falling one.
5. Shearing strain energy for a block of material subjected to a constant shearing
stress throughout,
h = 00₁
U =
U
W
A
=
U =
7²
2C
1+₁1+:
7. Strain energy caused by bending:
2hAE
WI
=
4C
-x volume
× volume of block (body)
2
R² +r²
+(²+²).
R
-SM dx
M²
2EI
23
x volume
24
8. Strain energy due to principal stresses:
Where,
U = 22/[(0² +0² +0}) −2µ(0;0₂ +0203 +030₁)]V
5. Rankine's formula:
01,02,03 principal stresses
▪(---) -
m
=
= Poisson's ratio
V = volume of the block
2.8 COLUMNS AND STRUTS
1. A member of structure or bar which carries an axial compressive load is called
the strut. If the
strut is vertical i.e. inclined 90° to the horizontal is known as column, pillar or
stanchion.
2. Depending upon the slenderness ratio or length to diameter ratio, columns are
divided into
three classes:
(i) Short columns: Length < 8 times diameter or slenderness ratio < 32
(ii) Medium columns: Length 8 to 30 times diameter or slenderness ratio between 32
and
120
(iii) Long columns: Length > 30 times diameter or slenderness ratio > 120.
3. End conditions
(a) Both ends pin jointed or hinged or rounded or free: le = l
(b) One end fixed and other end free: l = 2l
6. Johnson's parabolic formula:
(c) One end fixed and other end pin jointed:
(d) Both ends fixed: l₂ = l/2
4. Euler's formula (long columns): PEuler
P
Rankine
P
A
2-00-6(1)²
P =
b is approximately
4π² E
7. Columns subjected to eccentric loading :
(a) Rankine Method
1+
r² El
l²
σXA
1+a.(l/k)²
and Johnson accepted the value
k²
σ..A
=.
1+a-
k²
l
oc
64E
for pinned ends.
when the effect of buckling is included.
(b) Euler's method:
01
| 03 |
P
Maximum compressive stress = +₁
A
Bending moment, M = p.e.sec-
1. Maximum Shear Stress theory:
or (in simple tension)
oec (in simple compression)
[|03|=means numerical value σ3]
σ1
|03|
=
=
p.e.sec.
For design purposes
P
2 EI
2.9 THEORIES OF FAILURE
σt
= oc.
[Where, and are safe stresses in tension and compression respectively.]
2. Maximum Shear Stress theory:
0² +0² +0² - 2²/(0₁0₂ +0₂03+0₂0₂)=0?
m
(Where o = working/safe stress)
01
For design criterion : +0²-200,02 50²
0²
m
e
2
Z
0₁-03 = 0et
In actual design o in the above equation is replaced by the safe stress.
3. Strain energy theory:
m
At the point of failure
P
EI
In actual design o in the above eqn. is replaced by allowable stress obtained by
dividing o
2
by F.O.S. For a two dimensional case, where o₂ = 0, we have o? +0²
-0₁0₂=0²
-(0₂+03) = σand | 03
4. Shear strain energy theory:
(0₁ +0₂)² + (0₂-03)² + (03-0₁)² = 20²
In actual design or is replaced by safe equivalent stress o, in simple tension.
5. Maximum principal strain energy theory:
At the point of elastic failure:
m
- (03+0₂)=0 ec
m
25
26
(a) 0.1
(c) 0.3
2.10 STRESS, STRAIN AND ELASTIC CONSTANTS
1. The Poission's ratio of material which has
Young's modulus of 120 GPa and shear
modulus of 50 GPa, is:
(b) 0.2
(d) 0.4
(Engg Services-01)
2. Which one of the following properties is
more sensitive to increase in strain rate?
(a) Yield strength
(b) Proportional limit
(c) Elastic limit
(d) Tensile strength
(a) 0.05 cm
(c) 0.15 cm
(Engg Services-2K)
3. A steel rod of 1 sq.cm. cross sectional area
is 100 cm long and has a Young's modulus
of elasticity 2 × 106 kg/cm². It is subjected
to an axial pull of 2000 kgf. The elongation
of the rod will be
(a) The same
(c) Half
(b) 0.1 cm
(d) 0.20 cm
(Engg Services-93)
4. The deformation of a bar under its own
weight as compared to that when subjected
to a direct axial load equal to its own
weight will be
(b) One-fourth
(d) Double
(Engg Services-98)
5. The safe value of stress under which a
member subjected to reversible tensile
or compressive stress will not fail is
known as
(a) Safe stress (b) Proof stress
(c) Elastic limit stress
(d) Endurance limit
6. A vertical hanging bar of length L and
weighing wN/unit length carries a load W
at the bottom. The tensile force in the bar
at a distance Y from the support will be
given by
(a) w+wL
(b) W+w(L−y)
(c) (W+w) / (d) W+H (L-y)
W
(Engg. Services)
7. A straight bar is fixed at edges A and B. Its
elastic modulus is E and cross-section is A.
There is a load Principal = 120 N acting at
C. Determine the reactions at the ends.
B
21
(a) 60 N at A, 60 N at B
(b) 30 N at A, 90 N at B
(c) 40 N at A, 80 N at B
(d) 80 N at A, 40 N at B.
(Engg. Services-02)
8. The relationship between the Lame's
constant λ, Young's modulus E and the
Poisson's ratio A is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
→ P = 120 N
AE
(1+A)(1-2A)
AE
(1+2A)(1-A)
EA
(1+2A)
AE
(1-2A)
(Engg. Services-97)
9. A 10 cm long and 5 cm diameter steel
rod fits snugly between two rigid walls
10 cm apart at room temperature. Young's
modulus of elasticity and coefficient of
linear expansion of steel are 1 x 106 kg/
cm² and 12 × 10/°C respectively. The
stress developed in rod due to a 100°C℃ rise
in temperature will be
(a) 6 × 10-¹0 kg/cm²
(b) 6 × 10-⁹ kg/cm²
(c) 2.4 × 10³ kg/cm²
(d) 2.4 × 104 kg/cm²
(Engg. Services-97)
10. If a material had a modulus of elasticity of
2.1 × 106 kg/cm² and modulus of rigidity
of 0.8 x 106 kg/cm² then the approximate
value of the Poisson's ratio of the material
would be
(a) 0.26
(c) 0.47
(Engg. Services-93)
11. If the value of Poisson's ratio is zero, then
it means that
(a) The material is rigid
(b) There is no longitudinal strain in the
material
(c) The material is perfectly plastic
(d) The longitudinal strain in the material
is infinite. (Engg. Services-94)
12. If Poisson's ratio for a material is 0.5, then
the elastic modulus for the material is
(a) Three times its shear modulus
(b) For times its shear modulus
(b) 0.31
(d) 0.5
(c) Equal to its shear modulus
(d) Indeterminate. (Engg. Services-95)
13. The relationship between constants E, G
and K is given by
(a) E=-
(c) E=
G+3K
9KG
(a) xe m
9KG
G+3K
E
e
(b) E=
(d)
(Engg. Services-92)
14. If x= stress, e = strain, and E= Young's
modulus of elasticity, then according to
Hooke's Law:
3G+k
9KG
9KG
3K+G
(b) xle=E
16.
e
(c) = E
x
15. In an elastic material, stress is
(a) Not proportional to strain
(b) Unrelated to strain
17.
A
P
(c) σ=PxA
(c) Directly proportional to strain
(d) Sometimes proportional to strain.
If P= force applied on a part and A = area
of cross-section of the part, then stress o
could be defined as
(a) σ=-
21
I=375 × 106 m²
l = 0.5 m
E = 200 GPa
(d) None of the above.
(b) =P/A
27
Determine the stiffness of the beam shown
in the above figure:
(a) 12 × 10¹⁰ N/m
(b) 10 × 10¹⁰ N/m
18. The strain at a point is a
(a) Scalar
(c) Tensor
19. Strain is defined as
L
AL
(a)
(c) 4 × 10¹⁰ N/m
(d) 8 × 10¹⁰ N/m. (Engg. Services-02)
P
(b) Vector
(b) L.AL
(c)
20. Modulus of rigidity is defined as the ratio
of
(a) Longitudinal stress and longitudinal
strain
28
(b) Volumetric stress and volumetric
strain
(c) Lateral stress and lateral strain
(d) Shear stress and shear strain
21. A live load is one that
(a) Remains constant
(b) Cannot be neglected
(c) Varies continuously
(d) Varies with time
22. Poisson's Ratio (v) is related to Lateral
Strain (e₂) and Longitudinal Strain (e₁) as
follows:
G
²₂
(a) v=-
(b) v=
(a) Equal changes in length
(b) Different changes in length
(c) No change in length
28. The value of Poisson's ratio for cast iron
is
²₂
91
(c) v = ²₁.²₂
23. The unit of elastic modulus is the same as
those of
(a) Stress, shear modulus and pressure
(b) Strain, shear modulus and force
(c) Shear modulus, stress and force
(d) Stress, strain and pressure
24. If the radius of wire stretched by a load is
doubled, then its young's modulus will be
(a) Doubled
(a) Young's modulus
Bulk modulus
(b) Become four times
(c) Become one-fourth
(d) Remain unaffected
25. The ratio of direct stress to volumetric
strain is called
(c) Modulus of rigidity
(d) Poisson's ratio
26. The value of Poisson's ratio for steel is
between
(a) 0.01 to 0.1 (b) 0.23 to 0.27
(c) 0.25 to 0.33 (d) 0.4 to 0.6
(e) 3 to 4
27. In a composite system, the individual
components undergo:
(a) 0.1 to 0.2 (b) 0.23 to 0.27
(c) 0.25 to 0.33 (d) 0.4 to 0.6
(e) 3 to 4
29. A rigid beam of negligible weight is
supported in a horizontal position by two
rods of steel and aluminium, 2 m and 1 m
long having values of cross-sectional areas
1 cm² and 2 cm² and E of 200 GPa and 100
GPa respectively. A load P is applied as
shown in the figure.
2 m
Steel
1 m
Aluminium
Rigid Beam
If the rigid beam is to remain horizontal,
then :
(a) The forces on both rods should be
equal
(b) The force on aluminium rod should
be twice the force on steel
(c) The force on the steel rod should be
twice the force on aluminium
(d) The force P must be applied at the
centre of the beam.
(Engg. Services-02)
30. If Ä is Shear Stress, and A is Shear Strain,
then Modulus of Rigidity (G) is given by:
(a) Ä¡A
(b) Ä¡A²
(c) Ä× (A) (d) None of the above
31. For which material the Poisson's ratio is
more than unity
(a) Steel
(b) Copper
(c) Aluminium (d) None of the above
32. The relation between Young's modulus,
Bulk Modulus (K) and Poisson's Ratio (Å)
is given by:
(a) E=3K(1 – 2Å)
(b) K = 3E(1+2Å)
(c) E=3K (1+2Å)
33. The ratio of lateral strain to the linear strain
within elastic limit is known as
(a) Young's modulus
(b) Bulk modulus
(c) Modulus of rigidity
(d) Poisson's ratio
34. Volumetric strain (₁) of a rectangular bar
subjected to three mutually forces which
are perpendicular, is given by
‚= − (0₂ +0₂ +0₂)(1+2/m)
E
1
(b) €₂²
E
(c) Both (a) and (b)
35. For a given material, the modulus of
rigidity is 100 GPa and Poisson's ratio is
0.25. The value of modulus of elasticity in
GPa is
(a) €₁=
(0,+σ,+σ₂)(1−2/m)
(a) 12.5
(c) 20.0
1. During tensile-testing of a specimen using
Universal Testing Machine, the parameters
actually measured include:
(a) True stress and true strain
(b) Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus
(c) Engineering stress and engineering
strain
(d) Load and elongation.
(Engg. Services-02)
36. A spherical ball is subject to a Volumetric
Stress of 8 N/mm². If Bulk Modulus is
160 KN/mm², the Volumetric Strain would
be
(a) 0.5 × 10-5
(b) 0.05 × 10-5
(c) 5 × 10-5
37. The Volumetric Strain (e) of a sphere
is related to its diametric strain (e) as
follows
(b) 15.0
(d) 250
(a) e₁= 3e
(b) e₂= ed
(c) e₁=2ed
38. Consider the following statements:
Thermal stress is induced in a component
in general, when
1. A temperature gradient exists in the
component
2. The component is free from any
restraint.
3. It is restrained to expand or contract
freely.
(a) 1 and 2
(c) 3 alone
Answers
32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (a)
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
2.11 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
29
(b) 2 and 3
(d) 2 alone
38.
(Engg. Services-02)
2. The impact strength of a material is an
index of its
(a) Toughness
(b) Tensile strength
(c) Capability of being cold worked
(d) Hardness
30
3. A ductile material subjected to a tensile
force fails in:
(a) Cup and cone form
(b) Two pieces forming no cup and cone
(c) Bent form (d) None of the above.
4. For steel, the ultimate strength in shear as
compared to tension is nearly
(a) Same
(b) Half
(c) One-third (d) Two-third
5. The statement: stress is proportional to
strain, i.e., the Hooke's law hold goods upto
(a) Elastic limit (b) Proportional limit
(c) Upper yield point
(d) Lower yield point.
6. The highest stress that a material can
withstand for a specified length of time
without excessive deformation is called
(a) Fatigue strength
(b) Endurance strength
(c) Creep strength
(d) Creep rupture strength
2. Elastic limit
3. Yielding
4. Failure
(Engg. Services)
7. In a tensile test on mild steel specimen, the
breaking stress as compared to ultimate
tensile stress is
(b) Less
(a) More
(c) Same
(d) More/less depending on composition
8. The point on the stress-strain curve at
which the cross-sectional area of the test
specimen starts decreasing is called the
(a) Elastic limit (b) Proportional limit
(c) Upper yield point
(d) Lower yield point
9. Which of the following materials is most
elastic:
(b) Plastic
(d) Steel
(a) Rubber
(c) Brass
10. Select the proper sequence
1. Proportional limit
(a) 2, 3, 1, 4
(b) 2, 1, 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 4, 3
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4.
11. The property of a material by virtue of
which a body returns to its original shape
after removal of the load is called
(a) Plasticity
(b) Elasticity
(c) Ductility
(d) Malleability
12. The maximum strain energy absorbed by
a material up to its Elastic Limit is called:
(a) Shear Strength
(b) Proof Resilience
(c) Tensile Strength
13. The property of a material which allows it
to be drawn into a smaller section is called
(a) Plasticity (b) Ductility
(c) Elasticity (d) Malleability
14. True stress represents the ratio of
(a) Average load and average area
(b) Average load and maximum area
(c) Maximum load and maximum area
(d) Instantaneous load and the instanta-
neous area.
15. The percentage reduction in area during
tensile test on a cast iron specimen is
(a) 5%
(b) 10%
(c) 15%
(d) Negligible
16. The property of material by virtue of which
it can be beaten or rolled into plates is
called
(a) Malleability (b) Ductility
(c) Plasticity (d) Elasticity
17. The area under the stress-strain curve
represents
(a) Breaking strength of material
(b) Toughness of material
(c) Hardness of material
(d) Energy required to cause failure.
18. In a tensile test, near the elastic limit zone,
the
(a) Tensile strain increases more quickly
(b) Tensile strian decreases more quickly
(c) Tensile strain increases in proportion
to the stress
(d) Tensile strain decreases in proportion
to the stress
19. For most brittle materials the ultimate
strength in compression is much larger the
ultimate strength in tension. This is mainly
due to:
(a) Presence of microscopic cracks or
cavities
(b) Necking in tension
(c) Severity of tensile stress as compared
to compressive stress.
(d) Non-linerity of stress-strains diagram
20. In the tensile test, the phenomenon of
slow extension of the material, i.e. stress
increasing with the time at constant load
is called
(a) Creeping (b) Yielding
(c) Breaking (d) Plasticity
21. Match List-I with List-II and select the
correct answer using the codes given
below the Lists.
List-I
(Material
properties)
List-II
(Test to determine
material properties)
1. Impact test
2. Fatigue test
3. Tension test
A. Ductility
B. Toughness
C. Endurance
limit
D. Resistance to 4. Hardness test
penetration
Codes: A B C D
3
2
1
4
4
2
3
3
1
4
4
1 2 3
(a)
(b)
(c)
N NII
1
2
31
22. The stress developed in a material at
breaking point in extension is called
(a) Breaking stress
(b) Fracture stress
(c) Yield point stress
(d) Ultimate tensile stress.
below the Lists:
List-I
A. Toughness
B. Endurance
strength
C. Resistance to 3. Energy absorbed
abrasion
before fracture in a
List-II
1. Moment area
method
2. Hardness
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
D. Deflection
in beam
Codes: A B
4
3
4
3
3
tension test
4. Fatigue loading
25. Rupture stress is
3
4
4
CINN-
1
2
2
1
D
2
1
1
2
(Engg. Services)
24. The deformation of bar under its own
weight as compared to that when subjected
a direct axial load equal to its own weight
will be
(a) The same (b) One-fourth
(c) Half
(d) Double
(Engg. Services)
(a) Breaking stress
(b) Maximum load/original cross/
sectional area (A)
(c) Load at breaking point
(d) Load at breaking point/neck area
26. Amaterial which undergoes no deformation
till its yield point is reached and then it
flows at a constant stress is known as:
(a) Elasto-plastic (b) Plasto-electric
(c) Rigid-plastic (d) Rigid-elastic
32
27. For a linearly elastic, isotropic and
homogenous material, the number of
elastic constants required to relate stress
to strain is
(a) Two
(c) Four
(b) Three
(d) Six
28. Hooke's law holds good upto:
(Engg. Services)
(b) Uniform materials
(c) Isotropic materials
(d) Practical materials
(a) Yield point
(b) Limit of proportionally
(c) Breaking point
(d) Elastic limit
29. The materials having same elastic
properties in all direction are called:
(a) Ideal materials
32. A material which recovers fully after
unloading but not instantaneously is
known as
(a) Plastic
(c) Partially elastic
(d) Anelastic
30. Tensile strength of a material is obtained
by dividing the maximum load during the
test by the
(a) Area at the time of fracture
(b) Original cross-sectional area
(c) Average of (a) and (b)
(d) Minimum area after fracture
31. The elasticity of various materials is
controlled by its:
(a) Ultimate tensile stress
(b) Proof stress
(c) Stress at yield point
(d) Stress at elastic limit.
27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c)
35. (a)
36. (a) 37. (a)
(b) 90°
(d) 0⁰
1. In the case of biaxial state of normal
stesses, the shear is maximum on a plane
whose angle with reference to the principal
planes is:
(a) 45°
(c) 180°
33. A material capable of absorbing large
amounts of energy is known as
(b) Elastic
(a) Ductile
(c) Resilient
(b) Shock proof
(d) Tough
34. Materials exhibiting time bound behaviour
are known as
(a) Isentropic (b) Reactive
(c) Fissile
(d) Visco elastic
35. A body having similar properties
throughout its volume is said to be
(c) Isentropic
36. In a compression test the fracture in cast
iron specimen would occur along
(a) An oblique plane
(b) Along the axis of load
(c) A light angles to
(d) Fracture will not occur in cast iron
(a) Homogeneous
(b) Isotropic
(d) Continuous
37. As compared to the Brinell hardness test,
the Rockwell method
(a) Makes a thinner indentation
(b) May be used on thicker materials
(c) Is much slower
Answers
30. (c) 31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (d)
2.12 PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND STRAINS
(a) σ
(c) √30
2. The state of plane stress at a point is
described by (o=o₂ = 0 and o=0. The
normal stress on a plane inclined at 45° to
the x-plane will be)
34. (d)
(b) √20
(d) 20
3. A solid circular shaft is subjected to a
maxium shear stress of 140 MPa. The
magnitude of maximum normal stress
developed in the shaft is
(b) 70 MPa
(d) 140 MPa
(a) 60 MPa
(c) 80 MPa
4. For the state of plane stress
Shown the maximum and minimum
principal stresses are
50 MPa
40 MPa
40 MPa
10 MPa
40 MPa
10 MPa
(a) 60 MPa and 30 MPa
(b) 50 MPa and 10 MPa
(c) 40 MPa and 20 MPa
(d) 70 MPa and 30 MPa
+40 MPa
50 MPa
(Engg. Services)
5. If a prismatic bar be subjected to an anxial
tensile stress, σ, then shear stress induced
or a plane inclined at 0 with the axis will
be
(a) σ/2 sin 20 (b) 0/2 cos 20
(c) o /2 cos²0 (d) 0/2 sin² 0
6. In the case of bi-axial state of normal
stresses, the normal stress on 45° plane is
equal to
(a) The sum of the normal stresses
(b) Difference of the normal stresses
(c) Half the sum of the normal stresses
(d) Half the difference of the normal
(Engg. Services)
stresses.
7. Principal stresses at a point in plane
stressed element are o = ₁ = 500 kg/cm²
Normal stress on the plane inclined at 45°
to x-axis will be (Engg. Services)
(a) 0
(b) 500 kg/cm²
(c) 707 kg/cm² (d) 1000 kg/cm²
8. A piece of steel plate is subjected to
perpendicular stresses of 50 MPa and 30
MPa both tensile. The normal stress is
(a) 8.6 MPa
(b) 14.4 MPa
(c) 26.6 MPa (d) 48.4 MPa
9. When two mutually perpendicular
principal stresses are unequal but alike,
the maximum shear stress is represented
by
(a) The diameter of the Mohr's circle
(b) Half the diameter of the Mohr's circle
(c) One-third the diameter of the Mohr's
circle
(d) One-fourth the diameter of the Mohr's
circle
(Engg. Services)
10. If failure in shear along 45° planes is to
be avoided then a material subjected to
uniaxial tension should have its shear
strength equal to at least
(a) Tensile strength
(b) Compressive strength
(c) Half the difference between the tensile
and compressive strength
(d) Half the tensile strength
(Engg. Services)
correct answer, using the codes given
below the lists:
A.
B.
33
List-I
(State of Stress)
List-II
(Kind of
Loading)
1. Combined
bending
and torsion
of circular
shaft.
2. Torsion of
circular
shaft.
34
C.
D. [
Codes:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
WNN->
A B
2
3
4
4
2
3
3. Thin cylinder
subjected
to internal
pressure.
4. Tie bar
o=45 N/mm²
0₂=75 N/mm²
and t = 45 N/mm².
C
3
4
3
1
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(b) 1 and 3 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
(d) 1 and 2 are correct
subjected to
tensile force
(Engg. Services)
12. Consider the following statements.
State of stress at a point when completely
specified, enables one to determine the
1. Pincipal stresses at the point.
2. Maximum shearing stress at the point.
3. Stress components on any arbitrary
place containing the point.
Of the statements
D
4
1
1
2
(a) 50√3 kgf/cm²
(b) 100 kgf/cm²
(Engg. Services)
13. At a certain point in a structural member
the value of
(c) 50√5 kgf/cm²
(d) 150 kgf/cm²
(Engg. Services)
15. The maximum principal stress for the
stress state shown in the figure is:
Aσ
The principal stresses will be
(a) 120 N/mm² and 30 N/mm²
(b) 120 N/mm² and - 30 N/mm²
(c) 90 N/mm² and 60 N/mm²
(d) 90 N/mm² and - 60 N/mm².
14. A plane stressed element is subjected to
the state of stress given by an o₂ = xy ²
100 kgf/cm²
(a) o
(c) 30
O
[GATE 01]
State of stress in two dimensions at a point
in a loaded component can be completely
specified by indicating the normal and
shear stresses on
(a) 1
(c) 3
(b) 20
(d) 1.5 o
1. A plane containing the point.
2. Any two planes passing through the
point.
▶σ
3. Two mutually perpendicular planes
passing through the point.
Of these statements
(a) 1 and 3 are correct
(b) 2 alone is correct
(c) 1 alone is correct
(d) 3 alone is correct. (Engg. Services)
17. Plane stress at a point in body is defined
by principal stresses 3 o and o. The ratio
of the normal stress to the maximum shear
stress on the plane of maximum shear
stress is:
(a)
(b) 2
(d) 4
(Engg. Services - 2K)
18. Which one of the following Mohr's circles
represents the state of pure shear?
d
(b)
(c)
(d)
19. In a two-dimensional problem, the state of
pure shear at a point is characterized by
(a)&=&, and Yxy' = 0
(b)&=-&, and y #0
(c) &, = 2, and Yxy #0
(d) &¸ = 0.5ɛ, and Yxy = 0
(Engg. Services-01)
20. The principal stresses ₁, ₂ and 03, at a
point respectively are 80 MPa, 30 MPa
and-40 MPa. The maximum shear stress
is :
(a) 25 MPa
(c) 55 MPa
(b) 35 MPa
(d) 60 MPa
(Engg. Services-01)
21. Along the principal plane subjected to
maximum principal shear
19. (a) 20. (a) 21. (c)
22. (b)
Answers
1. A metal pipe of 100 cm diameter contains
a fluid having a pressure of 10 bar. If the
permissible tensile stress in the metal is
200 bar, then the thickness of the metal
required for making the pipe would be
(a) 5 mm (b) 10 mm
(d) 25 mm
(c) 20 mm
(Engg. Services)
2. Hoop stress and longitudinal stress in a
boiler shell under internal pressure are
100 MN/m² and 50 MN/m² respectively.
Young's modulus of elasticity and
Poisson's ratio of the shell material are
200 GN/m² and 0.3 respectively. The hoop
strain in the boiler shell is:
(a) 0.425 × 10-³ (b) 0.5 × 10-³
(c) 0.575 × 10-³ (d) 0.75 × 10-³
(a) The maximum shear stress acts
(b) The minimum shear stress acts
(c) No shear stress acts
(d) Any of the above
22. The ratio of stress produced by suddenly
applied load to that produced by the same
load when gradually applied is:
(a) 4
(b) 2
(c) 1
2
23. Shear stresses on mutually perpendicular
planes are:
(Engg. Services)
2.13 CYLINDERS, SPHERES AND HOOP STRESS
(a) Zero
(b) Equal
(c) Minimum (d) Maximum.
24. The planes of minimum shear stress with
reference to principal planes are located at:
(b) 25⁰
(d) 45°
(a) 12.5°
(c) 30°
23. (b) 24. (d)
(d)
35
(a) 2%
(c) %
3. A thin cylinder with both ends closed
is subjected to internal pressure p. The
longitudinal stress at the surface has been
calculated as oo. Maximum shear stress at
the surface will be equal to
(b) 1.5%
(d) 0.5%
(Engg. Services)
4. When a thin cylinder of diameter d and
thickness t is pressurised with an internal
pressure p, then
(a) The circumferential strain equals
pd (1 1
2tE 2 m
(b) The longitudinal stress equals
pd
DER (1-1)
2tE
36
(c) The longitudinal stress equals
(d) The ratio of the longitudinal strain to
the circumferential strain equals
m-2
2m-1
m
1
Where is the Poisson's ratio and
2
(b) €₁₂ + €₂²
E is the modulus of a elasticity.
(Engg. Services)
5. Circumferential and longitudinal strains
in a cylindrical boiler under internal steam
pressure are e, and e, respectively change
in volume of the boiler per unit volume
will be:
(a) €₁ + 2€2
(c) 2€₁ + €₂
2
d; = 10 cm
do = 20 cm
(a)
pd
21E
(d) €₁
+ €2
(Engg. Services)
6. A compound cylinder with inner radius
5 cm and outer radius 7 cm is made
by shrinking one cylinder on the outer
cylinder. The junction radius is 6 cm and
junction pressure is 11 × 105 N/m². The
maximum hoop stress developed in the
cylinder is
(a) 36 × 105 N/m² compression
(b) 36 × 105 N/m² compression
(c) 72 × 105 N/m² tensile
(d) 72 × 105 N/m² compression
(Engg. Services)
7. A thick open ended cylinder as shown
in the figure, is made of a material with
permissible normal and shear stresses
200 MPa and 100 MPa respectively. The
ratio of permissible pressure based on the
normal and shear stress is
(c)
(a) u/r
(c) duldr
(a)
8
5
(Engg. Services - 02)
8. Let r₁
and be the internal and external
72
radii respectivelly of a thick cylinder
subjected to internal and external pressure.
There occurs a radial displacement u to the
material element at radius r (r₂ ≥ r≥r₁).
Identifying the cylinder axis as z-axis, the
radial strain component is
(b) u/0
(d) dulde
10. Hoop stress is
ols
(Engg. Services 2002)
9. In a thick cylinder pressurised from inside,
the hoop stress is maximum at
(a) The centre of the wall thickness
(b) The outer radius
(c) The inner radius
(d) Both at the inner and outer radius.
(Engg. Services)
(a) Circumferential tensile stress
(b) Compressive stress
(c) Radial stress
(d) Longitudinal stress
11. A compound cylinder with inner radius
5 cm and outer radius 7 cm is made by
shrinking one cylinder on to the other
cylinder. The junction radius is 6 cm and
the junction pressure is 11 kg/cm². The
maximum hoop stress developed in the
inner cylinder is
(a) 36 kg/cm² compression
(b) 36 kg/cm² tension
(c) 72 kg/cm² compression
(d) 72 kg/cm² tension
(Engg. Services)
12. For general stress calculations, a cylinder
is considered thin if
(a) ≤0.075 (b)
≤0.05
(c) ≤0.02 (d) ≤0.01
(Engg. Services)
13. From design point of view, spherical
pressure vessels are preferred over
cylindrical pressure vessels because they:
(a) Are cost effective in fabrication
(b) Have uniform higher circumferential
stress
(c) Uniform lower circumferential stress
(d) Have a larger volume for the same
quantity of material used
(Engg. Services)
14. Circumferential stress in a cylindrical
steel boiler shell under internal pressure is
80 MPa. Young's modulus of elasticity and
Poison's ratio are respectively 2 × 10³ MPa
and 0.28. The hoop strain is
(a) 3.44 × 104 (b) 3.84 × 104
(d) 4.56 × 10
(c) 4 × 104
(Engg. Services)
15. The state of plane stress in a plate of
100 mm thickness is given as
= 100 N/mm², ₁= 200 N/mm²
= 300 N/mm²
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio = 0.3
The stress developed in the direction of
thickness is
(a) Zero
(c) 100 N/mm²
(b) 90 N/mm²
(d) 200 N/mm²
(Engg. Services-2k)
16. A thin cylinder contains fluid at a pressure
of 500 N/m², the internal diameter of the
shell is 0.6 m and the tensile stress in the
material is to be limited to 9000 N/m². The
shell must have a minimum wall thickness
of nearly
(a) 9 mm
(c) 17 mm
(b) 11 mm
(d) 21 mm
37
17. A thick cylinder is subjected to internal
pressure of 100 N/mm². If hoop stress
developed at the outer radius of the
cylinder is 100 N/mm², the hoop stress
developed at the inner radius is:
(a) 100 N/mm² (b) 200 N/mm²
(c) 300 N/mm² (d) 400 N/mm²
18. A thin cylindrical shell is subjected to
internal pressure p, the Poisson's ratio
of the material of the shell is 0.3. Due to
internal pressure, the shell is subjected
to circumferential strain and axial strain.
The ratio of circumferential strain to axial
strain is
(a) 0.425
(c) 0.235
(b) 2.25
(d) 4.25
19. For a thin cylinder the ratio longitudinal
stress/hoop stress is
(a)
1⁄2
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4
20. A vessel is said to be thin walled, when
(a) The vessel is made of thin sheets
(b) The vessel wall thickness is less than
1 mm
(c) The vessel wall thickness is equal to
of the internal
or less than
1
20
diameter of the vessel
(d) The vessel wall thickness is equal to
or less than
of the internal
1
10
diameter of the above
21. A thin cylinder of diameter d, wall
thickness t is subjected to an internal
pressure p. The longitudinal stress will be
38
(a)
π pd
2t
pd
2πt
21. (d)
(b)
(d)
p²l
2AE
(c) p²²/EI
pd
4t
(c)
22. In a thin spherical shell of radius r, wall
thickness t when subjected to an internal
22. (c)
pd
4t
(b) pl²/2E1
(d) p²lAE
1. A bar of length and of uniform cross-
sectional area A and second moment of
area I is subjected pull p, If the Young's
modulus of elasticity of the material is E,
the expression for stored energy in the bar
will be
pressure p, the total force normal to the
diameter plane would be
(a) (0₁-0₂)² + (0₂-03)²
Answers
2.14 STRAIN ENERGY
(Engg. Services)
2. If o, is the yield strength of a particular
material, then the distortion energy theory
is expressed as
(b) (012-022 +032) − 2v (0₂ 0₂2
+ (03-0₁)² =20,²
=
2
+0₂ 03+0₂ 0₁) = 0,²
(c) (0₁-0₂)² + (0²-0³) + (03-0₁) ²
:30,2²
pr
(a) Dr
2t
(c) π pr²
(d) (1-2v) (a₁ + a₂ +0₂)²
2
= 2(1 + v) o₂²
(Engg. Services)
3. Which one of the following gives the
correct expression for strain energy stored
in a beam of length L and of uniform cross-
section having moment of inertia I and
subjected to constant bending moment M
(a)
(c)
ML
M²L
EI
(b)
(b) π pr
(d)
·X
(b)
q²
2C
(d)
pr
t
(Engg. Services)
4. The property by which an amount of
energy is absorbed by a material without
plastic deformation, is called
(a) Toughness (b) Impact strength
(c) Ductility (d) Resilience
ML
2 EI
(Engg. Services-2k)
5. Within elastic limits the greatest amount
of strain energy per unit volume that a
material can abosorb is known as
M²L
2EI
(a) Shock proof energy
(b) Resilience
(c) Proof resilience
(d) Impact energy limit
6. When C is modulus of rigidity and q is the
intensity of shear stress, the strain energy
due to shear is given by
(a) Volume of block
2C
x Volume of block
(c)
2C
b/2
x Volume of block
1x Volume of block
x
2C
(d)
7. Strain energy stored in a body of volume
V subjected to uniform stress s is:
7. (d)
1. A wooden beam of rectangular cross-
section 10 cm deep by 5 cm wide carries
maximum shear force 20 kN. Shear stress
at central axis of the beam is
(a) Zero
(b) 490 N/cm²
(c) 600 N/cm² (d) 800 N/cm²
Answers
(Engg. Services)
2. A beam cross-section is used in two
different orientations as shown below
(A)
b
2.15 THEORY OF BENDING
←b/2->>
(B)
Bending moments applied to the beam
in both cases are same. The maximum
bending stress induced in cases (A) and
(B) are related as
(a)
(a) σA= OB
(b) σA = 2 OB
(c) σA=0B/2 (d) σA=0B/4
(Engg. Services)
3. Two beams of equal cross-section area
are subjected to equal bending moment.
If one beam has square cross-section and
the other has circular section, then:
(a) Both beams will be equally strong
(b) Circular section beam will be stronger
(c)
SE
V²
E
(b)
(a) 3:2
(c) 5:2
SE²
V
(d)
√√₂
√20
s²V
2E
(Engg. Services-02)
(c) Square section beam will be stronger
(d) Comparative strength of the beams
will depend on the nature or loading.
(Engg. Services)
4. Two beams of rectangular and circular
cross-section are of equal cross-sectional
area. For a given constant vertical shear
load, the ratio of longitudinal shear stress
induced in these two beams will be
39
(b) 2:1
(d) 1:1
(Engg. Services)
5. A horizontal beam with square cross-
section is simply supported with sides
of the square horizontal and vertical and
carries a distributed loading that produces
maximum bending stress o in the beam.
When the beam is placed with one of the
diagonal horizontal, the maximum bending
stress will be
(a)
(b) o
(d) 20
(Engg. Services)
6. The product El is known as:
(a) Modulus of rupture
(b) Section modulus
(c) Flexural rigidity
(d) Polar modulus.
40
7. A shaft was initially subjected to bending
moment and then was subjected to torsion.
If the magnitude of bending moment is
found to be the same as that of the torque,
then the ratio of maximum bending stress
to shear stress would be
(a) 0.25
(c) 2.0
(a) M
(c) Mª
(Engg. Services)
8. A rectangular section beam subjected
to a bending moment M varying along
its length is required to develop same
maximum bending stress at any cross-
section. If the depth of the section is
constant, then its width will vary as
(b) √M
(d) 1/M.
(b) 0.50
(d) 4.0
(a) √M² +1
(Engg. Services)
9. The equivalent bending moment under
combined action of bending moment M
and torque T'is:
²+T²
(a) 3 o
(c) σ
(b) = √² +T²
2
(c) M+√M² +T²
(d) M+√M² +T²
(Engg. Services)
10. The ratio of moment of inertia about the
neutral axis to the distance of the most
distant point of the section from the neutral
axis is called:
(a) Polar modulus
(b) Section modulus
(c) Flexural rigidity
11. A circular shaft is subjected to the
combined action of bending, twisting and
direct axial loading. The maximum
bending stress σ, maximum shearing force
√√3o and a uniform axial stress o
(compressive) are produced. The
maximum compressive normal stress
produced in the shaft will be:
(Engg. Services)
12. The given figure (all dimensions are in
mm) shows an I-section of the beam
100
N--
.P
(b) 20
(d) Zero
.Q
-20-
20
40
80
★8→→
N
100
The shear stress at point P (very cose to
the bottom of the flange) is 12 MPa. The
stress at point Q in the web (very close to
the flange) is:
(a) Indeterminable due to incomplete data
(c) 18 MPa
(b) 60 MPa
(d) 12 MPa
(Engg. Services-01)
13. Unsymmetrical bending is said to occur
when
(a) The beam cross-section is
unsymmetrical
(b) The shear centre does not coincide
with neutral axis
(c) The bending moment diagram is
unsymmetrical
(d) The beam is subjected to thrust in
addition to bending moment.
14. The moment of inertia of an area is always
least with respect to
(a) Bottom most axis
(b) Radius of gyration
(c) Central axis (d) Vertical axis
15. A beam of uniform strength is one in which
(a) The cross-section is same throughout
(b) The bending moment is same at every
section
(c) The stiffness is same at every section
(d) The bending stress is same at every
section
16. The neutral axis of a simply supported
beam is
(a) Where fibres are subjected to maxi-
mum bending stress
(b) Where fibres are subjected to mini-
mum bending stress
El
(a) M == (1-x)-(1-x)²
2
2
(b) M =
15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (a)
2.16 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
1. The bending moment equation, as a
function of distance x measured from the
left end, for a simply supported beam of
span carrying uniformly distributed
load E per unit lenth will be given by:
El
E
(c) M = (1-x)² – (1-x)³
2
2
Elx Ex²
2
2
(d) M =
= Ex²
(Engg. Services)
Elx
2
2. A simply supported beam is loaded as
shown in the figure given below. The
maximum shear force in the beam will be:
W
2W W
(a) Zero
(c) 2 W
(b) W
(d) 4 W
Answers
Enga
41
(c) Where fibres are subjected to
maximum compression
(d) Where fibres do not undergo strain.
17. The assumptions generally made in the
theory of pure bending is
(a) The value of the Young's modulus
is the same for the beam material in
tension as well as in compression
(b) The elastic limit is well exceeded
(c) The material of the beam is non-
homogeneous
(d) The transverse section of the beam
suffers permanent distortion.
3. If a beam is subjected to a constant bending
moment along its length, then the shear
force will
(a) Also have a constant value every
where along its length
(b) Be zero at all sections along the beam
(c) Be maximum at the centre and zero
at the ends
(d) Be zero at the centre and maximum
at the ends. (Engg. Services)
W
B
2W
C
W
D
★★
E
★★
Which one of the following portions of
the loaded beam shown in the figure given
above is subjected to pure bending?
(a) AB
(b) DE
(c) AE
(d) BD
(Engg. Services)
5. The bending moment shown in the figure
at the fixed end will be:
42
(a) Zero
(c) 20 Tm
-2.5m-
Code: A
4
4
3
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4T
(Engg. Services)
below the Lists.
List-I
List-II
(Condition of beam)
(BM diagram)
A. Cantilever subjected to 1. Triangle
bending moment at the
end.
B. Cantilever carrying 2. Cubic
uniformly distributed
load over the whole
parabola
length.
C. Cantilever carrying 3. Parabola
linearly varying load
from zero at the fixed
end to maximum at the
(a)
(c)
2.5m-
support.
D. A beam having load at 4. Rectangle
centre and supported at
the ends.
(b) 10 Tm
(d) 50 Tm
a
C
B C
1
3
4 2
4
3a
(Engg. Services)
7. The bending moment diagram for the case
shown below will be q as shown in:
W
D
N N N Q
(b)
S
10 Tm
1
D
3
1
1
2
a
8. A beam AB is hinge-supported at its end is
loaded by couple P.c. as shown in the given
figure. The magnitude of shearing force at
a section x of the beam is:
P
B
A
many
(a) 0
(c) P/2L
(Engg. Services)
9. If the bending moment diagram for simply
supported beam is of the form given below,
then the load acting on the beam is
(b) P
(d) P.c./2L
(a) A concentrated force at C
(b) A uniformly distributed load over the
whole length of the beam
(a)
(c) Equal and opposite moments applied
at A and B
(d) A moment applied at C
(b)
(c)
B
B
10. A beam is simply supported at its ends
and is loaded by a couple at its mid-span
as shown in figure A. Shear force diagram
for the beam is given by the figure
(d)
(Engg. Services)
KON
11. The shear force diagram shown in the
following figure is that of a:
1/4
1/4
(a) Freely supported beam with symmetri-
cal point load about mid-span
(b) Freely supported beam with symmetri-
cal uniformly distributed load about
mid-span
(c) Simply supported beam with positive
negative point loads symmetrical about
the mid-span
(d) Simply supported beam with
symmetrical varying load about mid
span.
(Engg. Services)
"f"
Ⓒ
1/2
12. Constant bending moment over span
will occur in:
(a)
|W
(d)
W
W
W
!!!!!!!!
I
W
kad
13. A beam subjected to a load p is shown in
the given figure. The bending moment at
the support AA of the beam will be:
(Engg. Services)
A
A
L/2-
P
(b) PL/2
(d) Zero
Of these statements
(a) 1 and 3 are correct
(b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
(d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(a) PL
(c) 2 PL
If at section distant from one of the ends
of the beam, M represents the bending
moment, V the shear force and w the
intensity of loading, then
1. dM/dx = V
2. dv/dx= w
3. dw/dx=y (the deflection of the beam
at the section)
(a) Rectangle and triangle
(b) Triangle and rectangle
43
(Engg. Services)
15. The shear force and bending moment
diagrams for a cantilever beam carrying
a concentrated load at free end will
respectively be:
(c) Rectangle and parabola
F
L/2
B
16. The given figure shows the shear force
diagram for the beam ABCD bending
moment in the portion BC of the beam
(a) Is a non-zero constant
(b) Is zero
(c) Varies linearly from B to C
(d) Varies parabolically from B to C
(Engg. Services)
44
17. The maximum bending moment in a
simply supported beam of length L loaded
by a concentrated load W at midpoint is
given by
(a) WL
(c)
WL
4
(b)
WL
2
WL
8
(Engg. Services)
18. If the shear force acting at every section
of a beam is of the same magnitude and of
the same direction then it represents a:
(a) Simply supported beam with a
concentrated load at the centre.
is simply supported at its ends by two
cantilevers AB = 1 m long and CD = 2 m
long as shown in the figure
100 kgf
(b) Overhung beam having equal
overhang at both supports and
carrying equal concentrated loads
acting in the same direction at the free
ends.
(c) Cantilever subjected to concentrated
load at the free end.
(d) Simply supported beam having
concentrated loads of equal magnitude
and in the same direction acting at
equal distances from the supports.
19. Consider the following statements in case
of beams:
1. Rate of change of shear force is equal to
the rate of loading at a particular section.
2. Rate of change of bending moment is
equal to the shear force at a particular
section.
(a) 1 alone
(c) 1 and 2
3. Maximum shear force in a beam occurs
at a point where bending moment is
either zero or bending moment changes
sign.
Which of the above statements is/are
correct?
(b) 2 alone
(d) 1, 2 and 3.
(Engg. Services)
20. A 2 m long beam BC carries a single
concentrated load at its mid-span and
kim-k
2 m
✈2m
The shear force at end A of cantilever AB
will be
(b) 40 kgf
(d) 60 kgf.
(Engg. Services)
21. If a beam is subjected to a constant bending
moment along its length, then the shear
force will
A
B
(a) Zero
(c) 50 kgf
(a) Also have a constant value everywhere
along its length
(b) Be zero at all sections along the beam
(c) Be maximum at the centre and zero
at the ends.
(d) Zero at the centre and maximum at
the ends.
(Engg. Services)
22. A lever is supported on two hinges at A
and C. It carries a force of 3 kN as shown
in the figure.
3 kN
T
1m
1m
-1m
1m
The bending moment B will be
(a) 3 kN-m
(c) 1 kN-m
(b) 2 kN-m
(d) 3 kN-m
(Engg. Services)
23. For the beam shown in the figure, the
elastic curve between the supports B and
C will be
f
B
(a) Circular
(b) Parabolic
(c) Elliptic (d) A straight line
(c) Wx
(Engg. Services)
24. At a certain section at a distance 'x' from
one of the supports of a simply supported
beam, the intensity of loading, bending
moment and shear force are W, M. and V
respectively. If the intensity of loading is
varying continuously along the length of
the beam, then the invalid relation is
(a) Slope 0₂
=
dMx
d₂
d² Mx
dx²
dV
x
(d) Wx
(Engg. Services-2k)
below the lists:
dx
M₂
V₂
List-I
A. Bending
moment
is constant
B. Bending
P
moment is
maximum or
minimum
C. Bending
moment is
zero
D. Loading
constant
List-II
1. Point of contrafle-
xure
2. Shear force change
sign
3. Slope of shear force
diagram is zero
over the position of
the beam
4. Shear force is zero
over the portion of
the beam
Code:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
a
3
(a) 2/12
4
(c) //
1
2
(Engg. Services-2k)
26. A horizontal beam carrying uniformly
distributed load is supported with equal
overhangs as shown in the given figure
2000000 oooooo
a
The resultant bending moment at the mid-
a
span shall be zero if f is
(a)
A
4
3
4
3
(b)
S
B
1
2
2
1
A
C
2
A
B
(Engg. Services-01)
27. Bending moment distribution in a built
beam is shown in the given figure
WIN
D
3
4
3
4
(b) ²/
3
The shear force distribution in the beam is
represented by
(d) 1/3
45
E
E
E
E
46
28. A simply supported beam of length L,
cross-section A carrying a uniformly
distributed total load of W will have
maximum bending moment of
WL
WL
2
4
WL²2
(c)
(d)
8
29. The point of contraflexure occurs in
(a) Simply supported beams only
(b) Cantilever beams only
(c) Continuous beam only
(a)
28. (c)
(b)
WL
16
(d) Overhanging beams only
30. For a beam of uniform strength if its depth
is maintained constant, then its width will
vary in proportion to
(a) Bending Moment, BM
(b) (BM)²
(c) (BM) ¹¹/2
(d) (BM)³
(a) (d/b) 8
(c) (d/b)³8
31. A simply supported beam of span L which
carries over its full span a load varying
uniformly from zero at either ends to W
kg/m at mid-span, will have zero shear
force at
(a) Ends
29. (d) 30. (a)
1. A simply supported beam with width b
and depth d carries a central load W and
undergoes deflection 8 at the centre. If
the width and depth are interchanged, the
deflection at the centre of beam would
attain the value:
(b) (d/b)² 8
(d) (d/b)* 8
(b) Mid-span
(c) Both at ends as well mid-span
(d) At L/4 from either end
32. If shear force is zero along a section, the
bending moment at that section will be
Answers
31. (b)
32. (d) 33. (b)
2.17 SLOPE AND DEFLECTION
(a) 0.44 8
(c) 1.558
(Engg. Services)
2. A simply supported beam of rectangular
section 4 cm × 6 cm carries at mid-span
concentrated load such that the 6 cm side
lies parallel to the line of action of loading
undergoes deflection 8 under the load. If
the beam is now supported with the 4 cm
side parallel to the line of action of loading,
the deflection under the load will be:
(a) Zero
(b) Minimum
(c) Maximum
(d) Minimum or maximum
33. A continuous beam is :
(a) One which is constrained at both ends
(b) One resting upon several supports
(c) One which is part of a system
consisting of a number of beams
(d) One which is very long as compared
to width of beam.
(b) 0.675 8
(d) 2.25 8
(Engg. Services)
3. A simply supported beam of constant
flexural rigidity and length 2 carries a
concentrated load W at its mid span and
the deflection under the load is 8. If a
cantilever beam of the same flexural
rigidity and length is subjected to load
W at free end, then the deflection at the
free end will be:
(a) 8/2
(c) 28
(b) 8
(d) 48
(Engg. Services)
4. A cantilever beam of rectangular cross-
section is subjected to a load Wat its free
end. If the depth of the beam is doubled
and the load is halved, the deflection of the
free end as compared to original deflection
will be:
(a) Half
(b) Double
(c) One-eighth (d) One-sixteenth
(Engg. Services)
5. Two identical cantilevers are loaded as
shown below,
M=W 1/2
(a)
(b)
If the slope at the free end of the cantilever
in Fig (a) is 8 then the slope at the free end
of the cantilever in Fig (b) will be
(a)
(a) 8/3
(c) 28/3
1
(b) ½ 8
W
(c) 2/8
(d) 8
6. A beam having uniform cross-section
carries uniformly distributed load of
intensity w per unit length over its entire
span, and its mid span deflection is d.
The value of mid-span deflection of the
same when the same load is distributed
with intensity varying linearly from 2w
per unit at one end to zero at the other end
is 8
(b) 8/2
(d) d
(Engg. Services)
7. A cantilever beam carries a load W
uniformly distributed over its entire length.
If the same load is placed at the free end
of the same cantilever, then the ratio of
maximum deflection in the first case to
that in the second case will be
(a) 3/8
(c) 5/8
(Engg. Services)
8. The given figure shows a cantilever of
span 'L' subjected to a concentrated load
'p' and a moment 'M' at the free end.
Deflection at the free end is given by
P
(a)
M
(c)
(b) 8/3
(d) 8/5
ML²
PL²
+
2EI 3EI
ML² PL²³
+
2EI 3EI
(Engg. Services)
9. For a cantilever beam of length 'L' flexural
rigidity El and loaded at its free end by a
concentrated load W, match List I with List
II and select the anwer.
List-I
PL² ML²
+
2EI 3EI
ML² PL³
+ (d)
3EI 2EI
Codes: A
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A. Maximum bending
amount.
B. Strain energy
C. Maximum slope
D. Maximum deflection
1
(b)
B
4
4
C
3
3
List-II
1. WL
ANMM
!!!!!!!!
2. WL²12EI
3. WL³/3EI
4.
W²16EI
D
47
2
2
1
3
1
2
(Engg. Services)
10. The two cantilevers A and B shown in the
given figure have the same uniform cross-
section and the same material. Free end
deflection of cantilever 'A' is 8. The value
of the mid-span deflection of the cantilever
'B' is
3
48
F
B
TTTTTTTT
(a) — 8
(c) 8
2
(b) 3/8
(d) 28
11. (c) 12. (c)
(Engg. Services)
11. A cantilever of length L, moment of
inertia I, Young's modulus E carries a
concentrated load Wat the middle of its
length. The slope of cantilever at the free
end is
(a)
Answers
1. The shear stress at a point in a shaft
subjected to a torque is:
(a) Directly proportional to polar moment
of inertia and to the distance of the
point from the axis
(b) 2:3
(d) 2:1
2.18 TORSION OF SHAFTS
(b) Directly proportional to the applied
torque and inversely proportional to
the polar moment of inertia
(c) Directly proportional to the applied
torque and polar moment of inertia
(d) Inversely proportional to the applied
torque and the polar moment of
inertia.
(Engg. Services)
2. A solid circular shaft has been subjected
to a pure torsion moment. The ratio of
maximum shear stress to maximum
normal stress at any point would be
(a) 1:2
(c) 1:1
WL²
2EI
WL²
8EI
(Engg. Services)
(Engg. Services-01)
12. A beam simply supported at the ends
carries a load W at the centre, causing
deflection 8₁. If the width of beam is
doubled the deflection at the centre under
the same load will be
(a) d
(c) 1/8,
WL²
4EI
WL²
16EI
(b)
(a) T/4
(c) T/12
IN IM
2
(d) 17/01
3. A solid shaft of diameter D carries twisting
moment that develops maximum shear
stress t. If the shaft is replaced by a hollow
one of outside diameter D and inside
diameter D/2, then the maximum shear
stress will be
(a) 1.067 T
(c) 1.333 T
(b) 1.143 t
(d) 1.2 t
(Engg. Services)
4. A solid shaft of diameter 100 mm, length
1000 mm is subjected to a twisting
moment T. The maximum shear stress in
the shaft is 60 N/mm². A hole of 50 mm
diameter is now drilled throughout the
length of the shaft. To develop a shear
stress of 60 N/mm² in the shaft, the torque
T must be reduced by
(b) 7/8
(d) T/6
(Engg. Services)
5. Two hollow shafts of the same material
have the same length and outside diameter,
shaft 1 has internal diameter equal to one-
third of the outer diameter, and the shaft
2 has internal diameter equal to half of
the outer diameter. If both the shafts are
subjected to the same torque, the ratio of
their twists 0₂/0₂ will be equal to:
(b) 8/27
(a) 16/81
(c) 19/27
(d) 243/256
(Engg. Services)
6. A shaft was initially subjected to a bending
moment and then was subjected to torsion.
If the magnitude of bending moement is
stated to be same as that of the torque,
then the ratio of maximum bending stress
to shear would be
(a) 0.25
(c) 2.0
(b) 0.5
(d) 4.0
(Engg. Services)
7. A circular shaft can transmit torque of
5 kNm. If the torque is reduced to 4 kNm,
then the maximum value of bending
moment can be applied to the shaft is
(a) 1 kNm
(c) 3 kNm
(b) 2 kNm
(d) 4 kNm
(Engg. Services)
8. Bending moment M and torque T are
applied on a circular shaft. If the maximum
bending stress equals the maximum shear
stress developed, then
(a) M=T/2
(c) M=2T
16
(a) — t
15
(b) M=T
(d) M= 4T
(Engg. Services)
9. Maximum shear stress in a solid shaft of
diameter D and length L twisted through
an angle 0 is T. A hollow shaft of same
material and length having outside and
inside diameters of D and D/2 respectively
is also twisted through the same angle
of twist 0. The value of maximum shear
stress in the hollow shaft will be
(b)
8
T
(a) d
(c) ď³²³
(Engg. Services)
10. Angle of twist of a shaft of diameter 'd' is
inversely proportional to
(b) ď²²
(d) d
T
Ⓒ
(Engg. Services)
11. The outside diameter of a hollow shaft is
twice that of its inside diameter. The
torque-carrying capacity of this shaft is
M₁.A solid shaft of the same material has
the diameter equal to the outside diameter
of the hollow shaft. The solid shaft can
carry a torque of M₁2. The ratio M₁/M₁₂
is
(c)
(d) t
15
16
1²/2
IN
(b)
49
1
16
(Engg. Services-01)
12. The diameter of shaft A is twice the
diameter of shaft B and both are made
of the same material. Assuming both
the shafts to rate at the same speed, the
maximum power transmitted by B is
(a) The same as that of A
Mit
(d)
3
(b) Half of A
(c) 1/8th of A
(d) 1/4th of A
(Engg. Services-01)
13. If two shafts of the same length, one of
which is hollow, transmit equal torques
and have equal maximum stress, then they
should have equal
(a) Polar moment of inertia
(b) Polar modulus of section
(c) Diameter
(d) Angle of twist
50
14. In case of a circular shaft subjected to
torque the value of shear stress
(a) Is uniform throughout
(b) Has maximum value at the axis
(c) Has maximum value at the surface
14. (d) 15. (a)
(d) Is zero at the axis and linearly
increases to a maximum value at the
surface of the shaft.
15. A twisting couple in a shaft induces in the
shaft
(a) Shear stress (b) Bending moment
(c) Deflection (d) All of the above
Answers
2.19 SPRINGS
1. A closed coil helical spring is subjected
to a torque about its axis. The spring wire
would experience a
(a) 1
(b) 2
(a) Bending stress
(b) Direct shear stress
(c) Torsional shearing stress
(d) Direct tensile stress of uniform
intensity at its cross-section
(Engg. Services)
2. If a compression coil spring is cut into two
equal parts and the parts are then used in
parallel, the ratio of the spring rate to its
value will be
(c) 4
(d) Indeterminable for want of sufficient
data
(Engg. Services)
3. A length of 10 mm diameter of shaft wire
is coiled to a close coiled helical spring
having 8 coils of 75 mm diameter, and the
springs has a stiffness k. If the same length
of wire is coiled to 10 coils of 60 mm mean
diameter, then the spring stiffness will be
(a) k
(b) 1.25 k
(d) 1.95 k
(c) 0.64 k
(Engg. Services)
4. A closely coiled helical spring is acted
upon by an axial force. The maximum
shear stress developed in the spring is Ä.
Half of the length of spring is cut off and
the same axial force. The maximum shear
stress in the spring in new condition will be
(a) Ä/2
(b) Ä
(c) 2 Ä
(d) 4Ä
(Engg. Services)
5. Flat spiral spring are used in
(a) Cycles
(b) Road vehicles
(c) Railways wagons
(d) Watches
(Engg. Services)
6. When a helical compression spring is cut
into two equal halves, the stiffness of each
of the resulting springs will be:
(a) Unaltered
(b) Double
(c) One-half
(d) One-fourth
(Engg. Services-02)
7. A helical spring has N turns of coil of
diameter D, and a second spring made of
same material has N/2 turns of coils of
diameter 2D. If the stiffness of the first
spring is s, then the stiffness of the second
spring will be
(a) s/4
(c) 2s
(b) s/2
(d) 4s
(Engg. Services)
8. The maximum shear stress occurs on the
outermost fibres of a circular shaft under
torsion. In a close coiled helical spring, the
maximum shear stress occurs on the
(a) Outermost fibres
(b) Fibres at mean diameter
(c) Innermost fibres
(d) End coils

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Engineering Mechanics

1. Forces are called concurrent when their

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