Reference For Stem Report

SAN JUAN DE DIOS EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.
2772-2774 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay City 1300 Philippines

Hospital - Tel. Nos.: 8-831-9731/36; 8-831-5641/49 Website: www.sanjuandedios.org
College - Tel. Nos.: 8-551-2756; 8-551-2763 Website: www.sjdefi.edu.ph
Senior High School Department
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Semester: 2nd S.Y. 2021-2022
Nature of Inquiry and Research

PART I: COURSE BACKGROUND
MAIN TOPIC
Lesson 1. The Importance of Research in Daily Life

Lesson 2. The Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

 Every day you are confronted with various challenges in any aspects of life be it social,
political, environmental, and personal. It may connect between persons, groups, or an
organization.
 These are the times that there must be a solution not only to resolve it but to improve your
lives.
 As a learner how can you find a solution to these problems that is based on expertise not
on common beliefs, predictions, or theories?
 You need to have this knowledge through organized and well-planned procedures that are
accurate and useful.
 Thus, you need to do research.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY/ COMPETENCIES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. share research experiences and knowledge;
2. explain the importance of research in daily life; and
3. describe the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research.
PART II: MODULE CONTENT
“There are many things you want to know in this world – people, things, places
events”
Research is asking what you know and think. It facilitates you to investigate on the right
information. It is of great importance to man in everyday life. The quality of man’s life is
improved through research making it easier and valuable from simple to modern. Research
develops in you a mindset to not believe everything easily available and seek for truth. Research
polishes our mind to give a careful vision to look. It is a means in solving complex issues in
different sectors including health, communications, business, and the environment.
PRE – ASSESSMENT
What I Know
Direction: A. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a
research, FALSE if you think it is not.
1. There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
2. To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid listening to another
researcher.
3. A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is studying.
4. An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer to the question asked by
the researcher.
5. The researcher has the final say in his findings.
B. Underline the words that are related to the definition of research.

biases instrument theories factual investigation
intuition discovery system subjective Interview
dreams experiences data phenomena guessing
productivity drama validate opinions literature
C. Using the words encircled, formulate your own definition of research.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
When you finished this module, you are expected to:

1. share research experiences and knowledge;
2. explain the importance of research in daily life;
3. describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research;
4. differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and
5. provide examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports, science,
business, agriculture and fisheries, information and communication technology, and
social inquiry).
DISCUSSION OF THE CONTENT OF THE LESSON/TOPIC

Lesson 1: The Importance of Research in Daily Life
CORE CONCEPT
What should a researcher look for?

 Search for new ideas.
 Improve certain process.
 Create something useful out of something old.
 Try to explain a series of observation.
I. What is Research?
1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which

includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an
individual ‘s speculation with reality.
2. Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs,
guesses or theories.
3. In research a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the
need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and
effectiveness.
4. It is a process of inquiring.
II. Nature of Inquiry

1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. It is a
problem solving technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the
different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.
III. Investigation and Immersion
Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”.

It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.
Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the

data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or examined by
him in detail.
Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept of

“research” comes in.
IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research
 Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or
investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or analyze something to request for truth,
information, or knowledge.
 Research is systematic and objective creation of knowledge systematic (with a system or
method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented), knowledge
creation (a creative process)
V. Purposes of Research
1. To inform action.
2. To prove or generate a theory.
3. To enhance knowledge in a field or study.
VI. Importance of Research in Daily Life

1. Research directs us to inquire about the right information by conducting further investigation of
the actual condition. It leads us to be cautious in giving results and findings by proving lies and
supporting the truth.
2. Research empowers us with knowledge and discovers new things and issues in life. It helps us
solve problems in health, crimes, business, technology, and environment.
3. Research facilitates learning as an opportunity to share valuable information to others as a way
of recognizing various concerns for public awareness.
Let’s share
Directions: Answer the questions briefly.
1. What is Research?
2. What is inquiry and its nature?
3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?
4. How important is research in your daily life activities?
5. Why is there a need to conduct research?
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
LEARNING ACTIVITY #1
Title: IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
Discussion of Lesson 1
You just learned the importance of research in daily life. Answer the following
questions briefly.
1. Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research? Share
and describe your experiences. What are your challenges and difficulties?
2. As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily life?
3. What is the importance of research in your education as a 21st Century learner?
4. As a learner, what do you want to research on? Why?
REMINDER: Be sure to share your answers with the class during your synchronous
meetings.
Lesson 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and

Ethics of Research
CORE CONCEPT
Research is the systematic application of the scientific inquiry in order to find solutions to
problems and to contribute knowledge.
Importance of Research:
1. Gather relevant information
2. Improve quality of life
3. Understand history
4. Personal and Professional Development
I. Characteristics of Research?
1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the

researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and
ends with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data,
whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic
method and procedures.
7. Replicability. The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
II. The Seven Steps of the Research Process
Step 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem).
 Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem
1. Researcher ‘s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator ‘s ability and training
Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related Literature).
Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology).
Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research)
and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for
quantitative research) (Data Gathering Activities).
Step 5. Process and analyze data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research) and
statistical tools (for quantitative research).
Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.
Step 7. Define new problem.
III. Ethics in Research
Research ethics are guidelines for the responsible conduct of research which
educates and monitors researchers to ensure high standard. It promotes the aim
of research, such as expanding knowledge and supports the values required for
collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness.
Ethical considerations in conducting research

1. Objectivity and integrity
2. Respect of the research subjects ‘right to privacy and dignity and protection of
subjects from personal harm
3. Presentation of research findings

4. Misuse of research role
5. Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance
6. Distortions of findings by sponsor
What are these ethics in research?
1. Informed Consent.
This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the participants in your study.
Inform your participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of
one-on-one interview at the convenient time they are available. Participation to the study will be
completely voluntary.
2. Honesty.
It report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate,
falsify, and misrepresent the data.
3. Objectivity.
Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review,
personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
4. Integrity.
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought
and action.
5. Carefulness.
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the
work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.
6. Openness.
Share data, results, ideas, tools, and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
7. Respect for Intellectual Property.
Honor patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual
property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give
credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize, fabricate, and falsify.
8. Confidentiality.
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication,
personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.
9. Responsible Mentoring.
Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make
their own decisions.
10. Responsible Publication.
Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career.
Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.
11. Respect for Colleagues.
Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others.
12. Social responsibility.
Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research,
public education, and advocacy.
13. Non-discrimination.
Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or
other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.
14. Competence.
Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong
education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.
15. Legality.
Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.
16. Animal Care.
Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct
unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.
17. Human Subjects protection.
When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize
benefits, respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.
IV. Rights of Research Participants
1. Human Rights.
They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and
are regularly protected as natural and legal rights. They constitute a set of rights and duties
necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings.
2. Intellectual Property.
It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value.
3. Copyright Infringement.
It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without permission of the
copyright holder. Copyright infringement means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder,
such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party
Examples:
a. Downloading movies and music without proper payment for use.
b. Recording movies in a theatre
c. Using others’ photographs for a blog without permission
d. Copying software code without giving proper credit
e. Creating videos with unlicensed music clips
4. Voluntary Participation.
People must not be coerced into participating in research process. Essentially, this means
that prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in
research and must give their consent to participate.
5. Anonymity.
It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing
their identity. It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given
nor known.
6. Privacy.
It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret. It is the ability
of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.
V. Ethical Standards in Research Writing

Research Misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism. It doesn’t
include honest error of differences of opinion. It can erode trust between researchers
and funding agencies, which make it more difficult for colleagues at the same
institution to receive grants.
Plagiarism refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and
results without giving due credit. It should not be tolerated as the unauthorized use of
original works, a violation of intellectual property rights.
Three different acts are considered plagiarism:

1. Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas,
2. Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks, and.
3. Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.
Let’s share
Directions: Answer the questions briefly.

1. Why is research practical and realistic?
2. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.
3. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?
LEARNING ACTIVITY #2
Title: CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
Discussion of Lesson 2
You just learned the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research.
1. As a researcher, you can play the role of a member of a research team, can you identify
the processes involved in conducting research and its characteristics? Enumerate those
processes.
2. What is the importance of following the ethical standards in conducting a research?
REMINDER: Be sure to share your answers with the class during your synchronous
meetings.
LESSON SUMMARY:
 Is a systematic and organized process of collecting, organizing, analyzing,

and interpreting data to find answers to our queries.
 Is an organized way of finding new ideas from existing knowledge with
the help of useful tools that will lead us to discover new and useful
concepts in order to improve the quality life.
EVALUATION /POST ASSESSMENT
POST-ASSESSMENT:
The Worksheet will be uploaded in the Google Classroom under the

Classwork (folder Module 1).
Description: Individual Activity
Date of Submission: February 14, 2022
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: After completing this lesson, you may

now assess yourself to know how much you learned in this topic.
The link for the quiz on this lesson will be uploaded in the Google
Classroom, using Google Forms, and will be available as instructed in
our FB messenger group chat.

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SAN JUAN DE DIOS EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC.

2772-2774 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay City 1300 Philippines

Senior High School Department

Nature of Inquiry and Research

Lesson 1. The Importance of Research in Daily Life

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY/ COMPETENCIES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Senior High School Department

PART II: MODULE CONTENT

B. Underline the words that are related to the definition of research.

C. Using the words encircled, formulate your own definition of research.

Senior High School Department

When you finished this module, you are expected to:

DISCUSSION OF THE CONTENT OF THE LESSON/TOPIC

What should a researcher look for?

1. Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which

II. Nature of Inquiry

Senior High School Department

III. Investigation and Immersion

Investigation has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”.

Immersion is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the

Combining the idea of “inquiry”, “investigation” and “immersion”, the concept of

IV. Differentiate Inquiry from Research

VI. Importance of Research in Daily Life

Senior High School Department

Title: IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

Senior High School Department

Lesson 2: The Characteristics, Processes, and

1. Empirical. Research is based on direct experience or observation by the

Senior High School Department

Ethical considerations in conducting research

3. Presentation of research findings

Senior High School Department

Senior High School Department

Senior High School Department

V. Ethical Standards in Research Writing

Three different acts are considered plagiarism:

Senior High School Department

Directions: Answer the questions briefly.

 Is a systematic and organized process of collecting, organizing, analyzing,

Senior High School Department

EVALUATION /POST ASSESSMENT

The Worksheet will be uploaded in the Google Classroom under the

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: After completing this lesson, you may

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