POSITION PAPER
Committee: United Nations Human Rights Council
(UNHRC)
Country: Republic of Iraq
Agenda: Peaceful De-escalation of the Israel-Palestine
Issue
I. Introduction
The Republic of Iraq, a nation committed to the principles of peace, justice, and the resolution of
conflicts through diplomacy and dialogue, welcomes the opportunity to address the United Nations
Human Rights Council on the crucial matter of the peaceful de-escalation of the Israel-Palestine issue.
The longstanding conflict between Israel and Palestine has resulted in immense human suffering, loss
of life, and the violation of human rights. Iraq recognizes the gravity of this situation and is dedicated
to seeking a peaceful and just resolution to this enduring crisis.
Palestinian authorities said at least 1,055 people have been killed and another 5,184 have been injured
in Gaza due to Israeli retaliatory attacks. In Israel, at least 1,200 people have died and more than
2,900 others have been injured by Hamas forces. These are the shocking numbers which have come
forward due to the recent aggression. The Republic of Iraq firmly believes that this violence needs to
be put to an end as humanity is being endangered.
II. Historical Context
To comprehensively address the Israel-Palestine issue, it is essential to consider the historical context
that has contributed to this long-standing conflict. The dispute is rooted in a complex history of
competing nationalisms, religious claims, territorial disputes, and geopolitical interests. It is
characterized by a series of wars, territorial disputes, and diplomatic efforts, with each side harbouring
legitimate grievances and aspirations.
The Balfour Declaration of 1917, the subsequent British Mandate, and the partition of Palestine in
1947 set the stage for a conflict that has endured for decades. The 1948 Arab-Israeli war, Six-Day War
in 1967, and the Yom Kippur War in 1973 are key events that shaped the contours of the Israel-
Palestine issue. The unresolved status of Jerusalem, the right of return for Palestinian refugees, and
the establishment of a viable Palestinian state remain central issues in the conflict.
III. Human Rights Violations
The Israel-Palestine conflict has, regrettably, been marked by numerous human rights violations on
both sides. Iraq is deeply concerned about the loss of innocent lives, the displacement of civilians, and
the denial of fundamental human rights in the region. These violations must be addressed
comprehensively as part of any peace initiative.
1. Gaza Blockade: the Israeli blockade of Gaza has had severe humanitarian consequences for the
Palestinian population. The restrictions on the movement of people and goods have resulted in
significant economic and social hardships, limiting access to essential services, hindering
economic growth, and impacting healthcare provision. The blockade has been widely criticized
for violating human rights and has prompted international efforts to alleviate its impact.
2. Violation of Humanitarian Law: Both sides have been accused of violating international
humanitarian law during various conflicts, including the targeting of civilians and civilian
infrastructure.
3. Settlement Expansion: the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank is widely
regarded as illegal under international law and has been criticized for undermining the prospect
of a two-state solution. Settlement expansion has resulted in the fragmentation of Palestinian
territory, restricted Palestinian access to land and resources, and perpetuated discriminatory
policies against Palestinians. The international community has consistently condemned
settlement expansion as an obstacle to peace.
4. Right of Return: The right of return for Palestinian refugees is a fundamental issue for many
Palestinians, and it remains unaddressed, causing prolonged suffering and uncertainty.
Iraq firmly believes that these human rights violations must be addressed as part of any peace process
and that a just resolution should include mechanisms for accountability and redress for the victims.
IV. Iraq's Position
Iraq is committed to a just and comprehensive peace solution for the Israel-Palestine issue, one that
respects the sovereignty and rights of both parties. The following points represent our position on the
matter:
1. Two-State Solution: Iraq supports the establishment of an independent and sovereign
Palestinian state, living side by side with the State of Israel, based on the 1967 borders, with
East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine. This solution is widely recognized as a just and
equitable means of resolving the conflict.
2. Reaffirmation of International Law: All parties involved should reaffirm their commitment to
international law and the relevant UN resolutions, including UN Security Council Resolution
242 and 338.
3. Unconditional Dialogue: Iraq calls for an unconditional and direct dialogue between Israel
and Palestine. All parties involved, including regional actors and international organizations,
should facilitate this process. The Quartet on the Middle East (comprising the United Nations,
the United States, the European Union, and Russia) can play a pivotal role in mediating
negotiations.
4. Ceasefire and Confidence-Building Measures: A sustainable ceasefire and confidence-
building measures are necessary to create an environment conducive to negotiation. Both
parties should immediately cease hostilities and undertake steps to build trust.
5. Promotion of Coexistence: Iraq encourages the promotion of dialogue, understanding, and
peaceful coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians. Educational and cultural exchanges
can contribute to mutual understanding and tolerance.
6. Humanitarian Assistance: Iraq emphasizes the importance of ensuring humanitarian
assistance reaches those in need, particularly in Gaza. The international community should
work to alleviate the suffering of the Palestinian people.
7. Addressing Refugees: Iraq recognizes the importance of addressing the issue of Palestinian
refugees in a fair and just manner, taking into account the legitimate aspirations of the
displaced.
V. International Cooperation
Iraq acknowledges that the Israel-Palestine issue is not isolated but has a regional and global
dimension. The involvement of the international community is crucial for a lasting resolution.
Therefore, we propose the following steps:
1. UN-led Peacekeeping Mission: The establishment of a UN-led peacekeeping mission in the
region can help maintain security and stability during the transition to a final resolution.
2. Economic Development and Reconstruction: International organizations and donor countries
should support the economic development and reconstruction efforts in Gaza and the West
Bank to improve living conditions for the Palestinian population.
3. Diplomatic Engagement: Iraq encourages the international community, including the Middle
East Quartet, to remain engaged and play an active role in facilitating dialogue and
negotiations.
4. Regional Involvement: Regional actors, including the Arab League, should actively engage
in the peace process, fostering regional cooperation and stability
VI. Conclusion
The Israel-Palestine issue is one of the most intractable conflicts in the world, with deep-rooted
historical, political, and humanitarian dimensions. Iraq firmly believes that a just and peaceful
resolution is not only possible but essential to ensure the well-being and rights of the Palestinian and
Israeli peoples.
The Republic of Iraq calls upon all members of the United Nations Human Rights Council to unite in
the pursuit of peace and justice, to support the two-state solution, and to work collectively to bring an
end to the suffering and violence in the region. Let us remember the profound humanitarian and
human rights implications of this conflict and remain committed to finding a solution that respects the
rights and dignity of all involved.
In conclusion, Iraq emphasizes its unwavering commitment to a comprehensive, just, and lasting
peace for the Israel-Palestine issue and stands ready to engage constructively with all parties in pursuit
of this noble objective. It is through diplomacy, cooperation, and the unwavering dedication to human
rights and justice that we can bring an end to this enduring conflict and foster peace in the region.
