1

I. I

-t. J

CHAPTER XIV
WASSIVVAT (WILLS)
~y t
()
/4111...,
..
C
I
. y di'spose of his ent ire pro per ty by
A Mus1im ma gif t int er viv as . He may
·e down his ent ire pro per ty in per · b t'
also ti He also has the tes tam ent ary pet uit y "!( ere ~ mg a ~a k f for his ala{
pow er ~f d1spos1ng of his pro per
ah~latd. t entary power is lim ited to the ty.I But
is es am dis pos al of onl y one -th ird of his
property. The reason for bes tow.mg t
testabmeMn ar§ p~ we r o~ ~AM u~ll1·
its limitation , has bee n thu s sta 1m, and for
Mussluman's pomt of view is a te~ . Y • . au ay ra . .wi from the
d1vme ms btu t10 n, sin ce its exe
regulated by the Koran . It offers to rcise is
the tes tat or t~e me an s of cor rec
certain extent the law of successio tin g to a
n, and of ena blm g som e of tho
who are excluded from inh eri tan ce se relatives
to obt ain a sha re in his goods,
recognizing the services ren der ed to and/or
him by a str ang er, or the dev oti
in his las t moments." At the sam on to him
e tim e the Pro ph et ha d dec lar
power should not be exercised to ed tha t "the
the inj ury of the law ful hei rs" . 2
Muslim law of wills is a compromis Thus, the
e bet we en two opp osi te ten den
when the Prophet has laid down cie s. One,
clearly, spe cif ic an d det ail ed rul
distribution of the property of a Mu es for the
slim aft er his de ath am on g his
natural to consider it und esi rab le for heirs, it is
any ma n to int erf ere wi th the div
Secondly, it is considered to be ine law.
a mo ral du ty of eve ry Mu sli
arrange~ents for the dis trib uti on m to make
of his pro per ty (w ith in the spe
of one-third) after his dea th.3 Th cified limit
is see ms to be the rea son wh
wassaya or wa ssi? yat has two me y the word
a moral exhortation. 4 ani ngs ; it me ans a wil l an d 1t
als o signifies
~p art fr?m the
one-third of his ass etslim itat ion tha t a Mu slim can no t be
qu eat h mo re than
:Y h . Th
ei;-
0
way of spi
th
, ere is ·
d. eh re~son for thi s lim ita tio n is
isc argmg a moral 0 bl' t· obv
• • .
yet ano the r lim ita tio n on beq ues t m ·
favour 0f
iou s· if a be qu est is allowed by
ritual d t· iga ion, b Y wa y of' mo ral exh ort
not get a share _on~ io~ s, th en the ati ons , or, by
pro per ty sho uld be giv en to tho
allowed to bequemth e inh eri tan ce se who do
of the dec eas ed. Th us a Mu slim
0 f those who a mo is not
are e • . re d tha n a th'ird wi th a vie w to no '
Yet, he is not allo~:~~e bby the Ko t aff ect ing the sh ares
ran to inh eri t the pro per ty of the
0 equ eath any thi ng to
decease~-
1 1-.A;,c::c::or:;dm-:--._g_to_t_h_ __ the hei rs. It is bec aus e if he 15
tradition · e Hedaya, "Wi
671) , and all our doctors lls are dec d the
2. M. Saut lare d to be law ful in the . Kor
' more over hav e con cur red in an an d ya
3 Thi . ayra quoted b Am this opi nio n". (The Ile a '
. s is based Y eer Ali
h 1
s au1d not sle on a trad it'ion whi , , 569
of Hadith c1 el even two nightsch 1 .
ertY,
4 94 wi :s dow n _that a Muslim, who possess
· The word 'Wasi,;, 3t~ 4• No. es_ P~~ nua l
l; Fyzee I~u t ?1-aking a will; See
a also means ' _anuc Law of Wil ls (1933) Mu ham ma d Ali,
a specific 1 63 No. 2.
egacy or the cap aci ty ' of the
'
execu tor·
( 25 4)
 I II·': ,I((/- I {1//I LL~,
255

llt lj l
lllH11 l1 (1J1t· tlJ11d N1Ll1 t1 '/H:'t✓ It, !11JljJJ111g IHH . d uty 10 rei:ipect of
I fll
djlu\1/lf~li" l111 v1: "' , .,, d LJJu , nil,, li.i•1(• ~Ji,,•Nn d, vot1on t<, him m h1~ last
11 111P~ ,l", tt 1
,d w l10 1•1• ;L 1,1,Ll il 1,i~ ]!,,UJ U11· f,t· l1ru1LulJ1Jll"
,
( 'JYl I ,,.,0
" ·•
d
u, ma e nugatory
,,,,,,,1"'111 ,ll lS ,.,,,, r1,·11I. 1.,, U1t. dJh)il,tiil,Jt,11 llliHlt· JU 'IJIJhtion
(
of •h,,o
L, ~,,(;
.• .
1·lillhat10ns
,11J1r t,I111 Jl1w1dJ l11v1, /llJ ' 11 ,.111ir,1 JJL t.1, l,1- •1111 ,d ,111161 -= ,aft er th e cl eath
· , bl gJV'"n
J)JJIlt•I
th•' L1111f,11 Li 11
ul 'l'ltJ will ,,I M1wl1111 1;, 1:1,11-1 11 1-d by M,rnlrni 1:iw. The provisions of
I y HfJ( 'f 1-.lil! Jfl/l L11d d1,•✓111 l1J LIJ<. '. ;u1;u-•,:-Ho11 Act, 1925, affect the
tttlf lll ll fl, I
tt• 1 will,, 11 ,1ugu1 1dly
~u• 1111
Wi· w,, 1dd du-11,1J /!l-1 U,,. M,mlun l:Jw of wills (wu,s:;iyyat) under the
· fl' l,111,dll (J) 1 11piH:iLy t,, riwl-: 1: ;j wJJJ , <11J fonnalities of making a will
(IIII11WII r. ,
/lii)IIUl,jH:f, 11 111Ltw 1,I w,ll, <iv) 1.1, wlHm, UH: pr<,perty may be bequeathed or
tlwl,iw1Lt11,11, <vi cc11rnLriH:LJ1m 1JI UH : will, :rnd Cv1) revocation of the will.

0{.1,swil,y to Ma lw a Wi 11
I 11:v,-ry Mw-1 l111J wl1<, 1:1 :,,, 1md L<, rn1ud :ind of Uw age of maJority, has the
1

r,,,p,wity will A:1 l1a', b,:<:11 h1:c:r1 eurlwr m this work, with the
1,/1 r,tiJl~i• :1
, ,r, , 1 c,I //liit, nq;1 :, dow<:t arJd dJV(Jft(:, t,h(j c1ge of majority of Muslim is
, , 11
1 1 111 1 1
f1J~uJ11!,1•d liy t.111 : l11d1:rn M:i11>11Ly Ad, 1wd1:r which the age of majority is the
cc,mpl1:L11,11 ,,( 1:1v,l1L1:1:1,U1 y1::1r JT1 <irdm&ry cases, and completion of
tw,mty lirHt y1•11r i" 1:a:H::; w h<:r1: Lhc: guardian of 11 minor 1s appointed under
tit,, <;1rnrdi111rn 1Jrid Wurd f! Ad I M uhlirn law-givers lay down that a will of a
mi111,r 111m 111: rntifi1:d fiy bJ1n on attaining majority/ but the will of a person
4furiH,,u11d 111ir1d 1;1mr11,L b,: r:1td1<:d 0n bi:-, regaming sanity. Not merely this,
Uii: M11fdir11 :11Jtb1,r il.1<:r1 h<,ld UwL the: will made by a sane person will become
irivalid, if a11fih1:q11u1tly bi: b1 :<:1,m <:H in·,<me.:1
IJ1J<l1:r U1<: ~;hi:i Jaw, a will mad<: by~ person, who has taken poison, or
4
hoi. w1,1111d,i1l hirn111df with :1 vi<:w L<J cc,mmitting suicide, is invalid. But a will
5
mt.uil; by H 111:rt-11,n, whCJ 1,su bH,!qu,mtJy commits suicide, is valid.
. A will mwfo by u p,mwn uwfor coercion, undue influence, or fraud is
invalid, Simi lurly, th<: <;<Jurt will r,crutjnize the will of a pardanaseen lady very
cartfully h,l,m: 1;1dmitting it,,
JormaUtie1 of a Wi 11
, Mu,dim lttw r<!quireH no HfJ<!cific formalities for the execution of a will. A
~1 ;ay b(: CJral or in writjng. When the will is in writing, no speci~c form i~
Ii own. It may not <Nf.:n br~ signed by the testator or attested by witnesses.
u°"'<-"':er, it iH rH~C,;h f•m ry that the intention of the testator should be ~lear and
c:~•~c,ca). ThuA, ~ J~t,t,,1r written by a Muslim shortly before his death,
eon ~ning directi<m8 for th~ disposition of his property, was accepted to
•titu~ a valid will ·, Th,~ name of the document is immaterial; whatever
'j-----::::-:--------
}~•Y be lti<;a)il;<l that unrfor Mu1dim Jaw, the age of' majority is completion of fifteen
2 a,u~ For ~tullK .-,,;,, Ty:JLji , 7G6 58.
3 ~ • I, 117
4 a.u,._ Ah, I, 4,,1.
I ..., 11, 2a2
I ~ w 11,,iJJui (] l,lifS1 :tl All !H t 154
7 Ji..... !(twa,,, v J<ft;; H.arrvilal v. Ahmed, HJG2 MB 56; Abdul v. Mirtu z ~, ~!~l 153
Pa ·
~ 94
,., IJ,xlluJ, 21 All 91; Abdul JlarrtRed v Mahomed Yoonus, 1 ·
 WIN MODERN INDIA
MUSLIM LA
,~6 sses the substantial character f
,,
• be give
f
. n to it. If ~t 0Bss; a document with the following~, a Will,
will. u d t •vOrds II
J1t11\lt' Jl\~) be treated as a ted my nephew to succee o my Propert ' l
.hell it will d. I have adop ·n 2 y and
t son, an titute a WI .
hit\' t' no held not to cons fi of declaration is necessary. Obviou 1
utle'', "'':1s a will is oral, no olrn\1 is very heavy, and an oral will : Y, the
When an ora w1 . t f . ••lUst b
f estt1blishmg . . d with every circums ance o time and 1 e
burdc:-d11 o'th utmost prec1s10nhan ests his title on so uncertain a foundat~ ace.a
Pro,e. beenw1 d ''Re w o r . b d t 11 ion as
observe ' . ·nee deceased, IS oun o a ege, as w 11
It ha:; rd f a man, s1
h
,poken wo s o . . the words on w h'ICh h e re 1·ies, with e as
t t' :; . tniost prec1s10n every
. wit11 u 1 tt4
pN' e. f time and p ace.
circU1nstanre O • will may be made by gestures. The Fat .
1 1
Vnder Mush~ k aw, amakes a bequest, and being unable to speak frwai
• ' r "A SlC man . . h h om
..\!cmgzn sa? s, d 'th his head, and 1t 1s known t at e comprehend
_J,.., " gwes a no
we~•e:;s.
Wl d d 'f h
t-if his mea:::iing be understoo an 1 e dies without
. s
·hat he is abou . 1 wf 1 115
" ,. . , of speech the bequest is a u .
rt1gallllllg po"' er ,
Subject-Matter of Will .
Any type of property, immovable or movable, corporea! or mcor~oreal,
which is capable of being transferred, ~ay form the subJ~ct-matter of a
bequest. It is not necessary that_ t~e subJ~ct-m~t~e~ ~f th~ will should be in
existence when the will is made, 1t 1s sufficient, 1f it 1s 1n existence at the time
of testator's death. 6 The bequest may consist of the corpus or of the usufruct.
Cnder Muslim law, it is possible that a testator may give to one person and
the usufruct to another. Thus, a right to occupy a house during a future period
of time, or to take the rents, or future produce, or usufruct for a limited time,
or for the life time of the legatee may validly constitute the subject-matter of
a "ill.7
. . As has been stated earlier, the testamentary power of a Muslim is
limited to the bequeathable one-third.
f hBequea tbable one-third.-The bequeathable one-third means a third
st
~xpt e e :t~ of a testator as it is left after the payment of his funeral
thu:~ses, e ts and other charges. The ]aw in this respect may be stated

'-"' li) All schools of Musl · 1 t

-.A. the bequest'-..OL im aw, except the Ithana Ashari school, hold tha
f consented to by ~~ ~an th e hequethable one-third is invalid unless
inferred from the c:nd~~~~e after the death of the testator. a Consent can be
Mere silence by - ··--
other heirs by not participating in the c·oncerned
~
~-~wkunt v. Jet, ;i8t~d;, ;~884) 11 IA 135
, en at v. Namde nuA 245 .
4. Babboo B o, <1931) 58 IA .
5. See T)·abj:n tertab v RaJendra 362.
6. Bai.the, I, ,6 . 593. ' (1867) 12 MIA 1.
7 See Tya_ 24
8 Abdul bJ1, _S. 673 (2)
9 v. Mirtu ·
· Abdul . za, 1991
v. ,\.f1rtuza 19 Pat 154
6' - ~~~ ' 91 Pat 154.
 WASSIYYAT (WILLS)
257
. m: and by remai ning ex parte canno t be consid ered as im 1· d
l('{'t'd)fir,- f t' t . C
1)1'{ t I Bequest o en ire prope r y m 1nvour of one heir withou t consen p le
2 t of
c1.1Ilse~~irs render s it void ab initio.
.ither 1") Accordi~g to the Ithana Ashar i school, the consen t of the heirs to
. l ; a bequest of mor~ than one-th ird, may be given even during
,~ ~ J
18
the. testato r, and i~ does not need ratific ation after the death of the
tilll - The Ithana Ashan s also hold that a beque st of any part
the 'life

of the estate
~ r e than beque athabl e one third may be made for the perfor mance
eren of
~s du t·ies or by. wa":/ of rr1:uzaribat
Ill · · ·
e obligato ry rehgio or qeraz (both words
th , the same meanm g, an enterp rise m which one invest s his capita l and
h8.,ether his labour ·th
0
W1 mut u al part·ic1pat1
. · 0n m
· profit ·
1s known as mazari bat
llll eraz) on the terms of equal divisio n of profits betwe en the
orQ legate e and the
heirs, / . .
~) Under a vahd custom ) a Musli m may be allowed to dispos e of his
entjruf!,O.£.er£Y under his will. The Sharia t Act, 1937, does not apply to wills,
and, erefore, a Muslim , who has the power to dispose of his entire proper ty
under a will, can do so even now. (See Chapt er I of this work for details).
(iv) If a testato r has no heirs, he may dispos e of his entire proper ty by
a will. The right of the State to take the proper ty by eschea t does not preven
t
an heirless testato r from beque athing his entire proper ty.
(v) A beques t of more than one-th ird may be valida ted by the consen t of
heirs. The rationa le behind this rule is that the limita tion on the testato
r's
power of disposition is solely for the benefi t of the heirs, and if they want
to
forego the benefit, they are free to do so. The consen t of heirs may be expres
s
or implied. For instan ce, P beque aths his entire proper ty in favour of X,
a
1 stranger. The will is atteste d by P's two sons, A and B, who are the only heirs.
After P's death, X enters into posses sion of the proper ty and recove rs rents
with the full knowledge of A and B. These facts are suffici ent to indica te
the
implied consent on the part of A and B. 3 Conse nt once given canno t be
rescinded. 4
(vi) Where a testato r dies leavin g behind only a wife/h usband
as the
sole heir and no blood relatio ns, then if the testato r is a male, he can
bequeath 5/6 of his estate , and if the testato r is a female, she can beque ath 2/3
of the estate. For instan ce a Musli m woma n makes a will under which she
~eath s one-half of her ~roper ties to her husba nd. She dies leavin g behind
ue~husband and no blood relatio n. Under Musli m law, beque sts to
'the 113 of property are valid. Thus, the husba nd will t~e. 1/3 of thethee~tate heir
all hbeciueathable 1/3 under the will and 1/2 of the remai_nmg as. an ~eir. In
~ ~es 2/3-1/ 3 under the will and 1/3 as an heir). Ordma nly, the
~ g 1/3 will go to the State by eschea t, but on accoun t of the beque st
of
~ him (a woman can beque ath upto 2/3 under these circumstances), ~e
bequ takes 1/6 of the remai ning 1/3 to complete the one-ha lf estate that 18
as a~ thed to him. In the result the husba nd takes 1/3 as heir and 1/3 + 1/6,
e&chea8rtee, i.e., in all he takes 5/6; the remai ning 1/6 goes to the State by
~
2. ~"1, / ' v. Fatima Bi, 2002 Mad. 484.
3.n.,,,L.~ 10 Mohammed Yakub v. Llahi Baksh, AIR 2019 Chh. 11 3.
~
11__~
v._Abdul, (1902) 26 Born 497; Sharifa v. Gu l am, (1892) 16 Mad 43; Md.
l lied. v. Aishabai, 1935 Born 84.
h, I, 671.
 MUSLIM LAW IN MODERN INDIA
258
. Musli m can beque st his entire prope rty Ah
(vii) An 1:eir1ess heir can beque st the entire prope rty ~ • J.VtUslirn
Wh
has only his ~fe as ~n , , ~ ('(' I\ inus the sha o
f tl1 wife i -1 \ ~

r
o e ... .
f ~ Musli m had marri ed or got his marri•age regist ered te
(vm) I . At l954 then Musli m law of succe ssion does UUder th
. 1 I\Iarr1 aae c ' ' . A
S pec1a ct, 1925 , and there£not a PPly toe
0
.
~ ) h m He 1s crovern ed by the Succe ss10n . ' ore h
')(!. b~q~e ath his°entire prope rty by a w~11 .
,, \
' e can
t ·n futur e and conti ngen t bequ eath s.-A beque t.
l '\.... ,, Bequ es s I
. d· •a contin gent beque st. Wh en a M us 11m ·
ma
k
es a bequ t fu+-..
s in
.~ute
is vo1 . so is .d d th b t . es With
. . th n the condit ion 1s v01 , an e eques 1s valid. But th·
cond ition, e a
e read subJec t t o what has been sa1'd a b out 1·c- is sho Id
11e-e states 1n Chapt er X. u
'- f_ B uest for pious purp oses. -A beque st may be made fo .
~ Such b; quests fall under three categ ories : (i) beque sts forr ~ P10~s
purpos es. .
z.e., for purpo ses expre ssly ord~~ ed b y t h e .n.ora r,r .
n su~h as hey_ ~ ~
1 araiz

zakat (tithe) and expiat ion, (11) beque sts for waJiw at, i.e_., which
~~
--1nem selves neces sary and prope r, thoug h n ~ expre ssly ordain ed,
such as
sadaka , filrat, ch.gity given on the day of break ing of the fast, and
sacrifices
afia (iii) b~ sts f o r ~ ' or the beque sts of purel y volun tary nature su h
as beque st for the poor, for buildi ng mosqu e, a bridg e or an inn .•2 The
one~thi~d
rule applie s to beque sts for pious purpo ses also. The beque sts for faraiz
have
priorit y over the other two, and the beque sts for faraiz , a beque st for
haj has
priorit y over zakat and expiat ion, and zakat over expia tion. 3
When a beque st violat es the one-th ird rule, and some of the heirs

the consen ting heirs only.

'>i.. ;fr:.
consen t to it, while others do not, the beque st is payab le out of the

al?~t~ ment of legac ies. When a testat or beque aths in violation of

shares of

/ ~ne-th ird rule and the heirs refu to give conse nt, the beque sts,
under t~e
Hanaf i law, abate rateab ly. Thus, if a Sunn i Musli m beque aths 1/2
of his
estate to P and 1/4 to Q, since the total excee ds one-t hird, the legaci
es will be
r~teab ly reduce d at the ratio of 1/2 : 1/4. Or, suppo se A dies leavin g
behind a
will .under which he direct s Rs. 100 to be paid to his relati ves Rs. 100 th
, to . e
F akirs, and Rs. 40 for expira tion
of praye rs that he misse d. He leaves be~d
an estate worth Rs 216. The total amou nt of legac ies come of Rs. 240.
the beque athabl e one-th ird is only Whi~e/
Rs. 72. Hence , the legaci es must abate in
the pr~po r~i
of 72 to 240, i.e., they will be reduc ed to 40, 30 and 12'
respectively.4
Unde e Sh· 1 h · date takes
. . ia aw, t e rule is differ ent Bequ est of prior
pno~t y over th0 se of later date unles s the l~ter beque st was intend d to
~:v~ a:!h;/ ;~~l~ r. For i~stan ce, a Shia beque aths 1/3 of his e state
1/3 wh'l B
l e
· The heirs do not conse nt. The resul t will be that A p 1)4
:ill
; 1)4
take
to Q and 116and C will not t k
' .
to R. T a _e anyth ing. Or, suppo s~ A gives
. 1/12 to ' .
Since this
completes the hen P will take 1/12 and Q will take 114 . essivelY
113 estate
bequea thed to A B ' R will t a k e noth"1ng but 1f
. h
t e same 1/3
. . succ
revocst1.0Il
n:=-:::-;---:-:
1 l Damodar v Shah....'_an-=:d:_:C, then it mean s that the last beque st is in
. . b. 7
2. See 'l'yabji, ·
1. l..]a ibz, 1989 Bom 1.
76
~ Ba~li~, I, 653-54.
. This is based on Ty b ..
I\ °I' a ~1: S. 6 71, lllustra tion 1.
l h• j Ah,~ I(
t~ ~
 IN MODERN !NOIA
MUSLIM LAW
a matter of policy, does not all
5
260 k .,1 'fhe laW, ade of devolution of property If how a
· Boo ··· · · mo · e·
ntion of Bis ·th the I(orani~ then it will a mo unt to the dimin t' is
contranv~o interferebwq1uest to the h_ellirsth' erefore, induce a breach of the t~e ion
perso ke a e d w1 , th b s of
allowed to :au.1 f other heirs, _an hemselves consent to e equest, they admit
of
the shares o
2 tl 0 wever,
1·r the heirs t
. hares, an
d the law allow s them to do so It .
h · is
kindred. n. t· n in their s the heir gave 1s consent he Was
1untal'Y reduL io t the time when an
vo . 1 that a
imm atena t3 ·
d'f£ rent view. The Sh araya-u l -I s l am says "A.
insolven .Ithana Asharis ta_ke a d1. ehighly proper wheth er they be his he'.
The kmdre 1s . .
1e 1s not impugned it1rs.
.
. favour of one the one-third ru
bequest in th t so long as Th .f p ' is
" 4 They hold a . heir or a stranger. us, 1 bequeaths 113
or no t • h 1 gatee 1s an • d A d
. material that t e e A d dies leaving beh1n an two more sons B
im h' son , an f B d '
of his property to is A. I'd without the consent o an C. But if the
1
and C. The legacy to ~t~~ ~ limit then it will not be valid without the
legacy oversteps t~e oneh' : may b~ given either during the life time of the
consent of other hhi~irsd, wthicThe Allahabad High Court in Fahmida v. Ja'h 1
s
t t or after s ea · • j '
tes a or h b uest to an heir exceeds one-third of the net assets of the
held that w ere a eq · h h ·
d d the other heirs do not consent to 1t t en t e entire bequest is
decease , an f h' · d ·
• l'd 6 Mulla doubts the correctness o t 1s view an quotmg the
mva i . • • "If h 1
Sharaya-ul-Islam, says that the correct view_ is : a. perso~ s o~ d make a
will excluding some of his children from their share 1n the 1nhentance, the
exclusion is valid." He further observes, ''Where a bequest is made of the
entire property to one heir to the exclusion of other heirs, the will is to be
read as if it did not contain any disposition of the property. But it does not
follow that where a bequest to an heir is not of the entire estate, but merely
exceeds the legal third, such bequest also is void in its entirety. 117
. Custom.-A custom which limits the choice of persons in whose favour
aEwill chan be mad~, cannot be said to be against the public policy. Among the
unuc Commuruty of M dh P d
cannot ·11 a ya ra esh, under Guru-Chela system a guru
w1 more than one th' d Of h' , h
consent of Chel Th - ir is property to an outsider without t e
a. e custom was held valid a
Legacy of murder -I .
murderer or a pers h · n most systems of law it is a rule that a
to a legacy. Under tohn,Hw o abets the murder of the d~ceased is not entitled
rul · e anafi la th· '
hoe. 1~ that the murderer . w, Is rule is found in most strict terms. The
m1c1de was intentional
man-slaye is _excluded from taking legacy whether the
the b
1 or accident 1 Th
r on Y when the h . . a · e Ithana Ashari law exclu es
' d the
equest is made before o~:~1de is intentional. It is immaterial whether
~ er the act causing the death.9
: · '<luotedb~
2 '1'h Y Arneer Ar1
· e Bedaya , I, 592
3 . Aziz-un-n. ' 1' 671. .
4. Bailli isa v. Cinema
5. (19 e, II, 247. ' (1920) 42 All
6. A 0~) 3 All 153 593.
nirit v M ·
7. Mun . Ustafa (19
8. Ill a (17th edit-' 24) 46 All
9 Yas v. Bad h ion), 127 28.
• 'lyabji, 782 s ah , 1990 ~ ......
· "t.t' 334_
 W/\h!,IYY/\I (WII I ~l) 261

'\l\ l
. ,dun of WIUJ4\
l'~,,~U:.~ , , ,l 111111 1-!'ov, 1 111111K I.ho 1•nnnl.111<·Lio11 of w1lla rn that a Musli· m
11 11
1 I\Ii'1 1•1\llPI
·1'h1 I 11r•1l Ill 111•1•111•d11111 1P w1t.h t111, rul11H or conl:ltruction of the will
1
,,,II 111 11\' ill l\,h111lht1 l,,w, t.lH• ln111;11. np,11 11r1od by tho t.mit.ator and the
11
\~hI I1''" ,, ,•in•1111111l.111111c1H, 11. 111 nlno n KPtwrnl l'1tle• of construction of wills
•I',1,11111t.,1111
....n 1
, ,lill1•r·r11tl, 111 ,11111,1011 11pppn1<r1, 11 wt'I I 11p1mlrn from the death of the
fllltl1 tin• li11qo1111l.11, 1•111d,1n1H•d
1l1111 11111...... . .
111 ii, 1.nk«- c:IToct. occordmgly. It is a
ill I
.•,,1 11, ,,I ,,,11111tiud,1P11 ol w fl l. 1t1I, Uw courtl1 try
trlitr1t111, . • to .
g1vo effect as far
111
....i\ihi t, 1 l\111 1111,r-nt,1011
1"'" (11.. . nl. t.lH1 l.Pr!l.nl.or. Whoro u testator used ' such
1
A~ 111\r,., ~ ' lr111>-111np.1 1,h:11, it,11 co1u1l.n1d1011
1
, 1H not pOE1s1ble
, by •
g1vmg usual
nr.,
r~ ,
11~ 11 1111
1111\:
111 1 ,uil
11
wo1·d11 1111Pd, t,li<'II it 111
11 \~\Jt~'i.U.UL. tl'liw1, wliow
loll to tho hairs to give it whatever
n t.01:1t11t,or luys down in his will that
!1\m t \t1~, 111' 111m11' t,l'llhi1 11hould lH, r,ivon Lo P" or "I leave a garment or a
~1 ,k 11ti1 q°, th1 11 I11 11·11
1 .
1 1
• llll\Y ~1v(1 1,o I' nnd Q whatever they like, or. any
11111
~ w 1 1t,, rmrh :u1 11 tll 1W t~ ont, or nn old ono or any book, a copy of the Koran
1
1 1111ht111l1 111' 1111t1n1t Wh< 11·11 11 1.oHtat.or \JoquoaLhs nn article by description

w,tt11 ,ut 1q1pr,1prmt.ll\f! 11ny HIH1cil'ic nrtido, and if' the testator does not own
111

~·11itud1 urltl'l<' nl. Uw Li1m1 ol' hiH d.ouH1, the bequest fails, unless the
111i11ti111tlt1\I ii-I t,1 lH,qw 1:tlh Uw vnhw of Lho nrticle indicated. 1 In such a case the
i1l'tid11 1\f-l 1hit1,•ri\w<l hy t.lw l.01-1Lnl,or will be purchased out of the assets and
h1111dt1tl 11\1111' 1.(1 I h1 1 hip,tll,l10,
~~t,nUon (lf Urn Will J_
,l11~t, I\H in ot.luw ~.vHLcnJ/ ol' luw, i:io undor Muslim law, a testator may
r,1,•okt1 hh1 will or 1my port, of it. nny t.ime, oither expressly or by implication.
Similm·lv, t\ L111-1tnt.m· iH ali;o froo to mnlrn nny additions to his will. But if the
:trltlltion t.n t.\w i~uh,j,,d, of Llw boquot:1t is such thut the subject of the bequest
2
~111m11t lw 1hilivor1,d with Lho nddit.ion, thon the bequest stands revok.ed.
l~xp1't1~s l'OVOl'nUon. - lf n LosLntor makes a bequest of some property
111 11 \)llt':,mn, nnd hy tmhl'l('(\\WnL will, he bequeaths the same property to
tmoUw,· \Wl'~ot\, Uw l'iri:,t. boq\wsL iH revoked. But bequest of the same property
to Ol~ti pt1l'Hol\ ii1 l,nrlitn· portion ol' tho will and Lo another person in the later
P01-t1on of Uw ,l\,il} clo1)l:I not rcvoko the earlier bequest, but both the legatees
shnrt,, Uw prup,,rty oq,mlly.:1 A will nmy be expressly revoked by tearing it off,
01' by burning it.. It s ,ms thnt moro doniul of a will, will not operate as its
01
r\\vocntion.
ln\pUt,d rtwocniiou~ -Any net inconsistent with the bequest will go to
:-'~ke U10 will. 1'hu•,
1111
nd which results in the extinction of the
ubjuct-mnU,t'r of tho bt,qno1-1t, or ox.tinction of the proprietary rights of the
~stntor will implit,d\y rovok~ t,he will. For instance, bequest of a plot of land
la ~voked when tht' · to~intor huil<ls a house on it; or bequest of a house is
l'tvoked whon th,• t.t,•tntor s,,\ls or mnltea a gift of it to a n ~ 1

l~·
-- •3' Ibid
,,-t-7_9_3 _ _ __
! •~lb~1d::-.-
D- ·• Stetion 2t:1'
· uaUUt, l, ~:lo.
1tt