Unit 1 Indices_______

Revision Notes
1.1 Law of indices
a0 = 1, where a  0.
1
a–n = , where a  0 and n is a positive integer.
an
If m and n are integers and a, b  0, then
(a) am  an = am + n
(b) am  an = am – n
(c) (am)n = am  n
(d) (ab)n = anbn
nn
a a
(e)   = n
b b

Exercise
m 12 n8 n5
1. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
n3 m12

( m 5 n 2 ) 6 m 26
2 .Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ 9 ]
m 4 n 3 n

x 20 y13 y7
3. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
( x 5 y )6 x10

( xy 2 )3 x3
4. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
y4 y10

m9 n35
5. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
( m 3 n 7 ) 5 m6

( x8 y 7 )2
6. Simplify 5 6
and express your answer with positive indices. [ x11 y 20 ]
x y

(m 4 n 1 )3 m 22
7. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
( m 2 ) 5 n3

xy 7 x9
8. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
( x 2 y 3 ) 4 y5

(mn  2 )5 m9
9. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ ]
m 4 n10
1
  23
10. Simplify  3
 2
 
4 5
and express your answer with positive indices. [ 9 ]

( a 3b  2 ) 4 a17
11. Simplify and express your answer with positive indices. [ 14 ]
a 5 b 6 b

12. (3a ) 2  a 3 
A. 3a 5 B 6a 6 C. 9a 5 D. 9a 6
13. (27  9n1 )3 
A. 36 n12 B. 36 n15 C. 39 n12 D. 39 n18
14. (2n3 )5 
1 1 1 1
A. B. C. D.
32n 2 32n15 10n125 10n 243
(3 y 6 ) 4
15. =
3y2
A. 4 y 5 B. 4 y 8 C. 27 y12 D. 27 y 22

16. 8222  5666 

A. 10666. B. 10888. C. 40666. D. 40888.
 1 
17.  555  3444 
9 
1 1 1
A. 0. B. .
111
C. 222
. D. 666
.
3 3 3
82 n 1
18. 
43n 1
A. 1. B. 2. C. 2n . D. 2 n .
(6 x 7 ) 2
19. 
4 x5
A. 3x 4 . B. 9x 4 . C. 3x9 . D. 9x9 .
6x
20. 
(3x  5 )  2
2 x8 54 2
A. 54x8 . B. . C. . D. .
3 x9 3x9

21.
 2 8  
n 3n

64n
A. 4 n B. 4 2n C. 4 -3n D. 4 -4n

812 n 3
22. 
 27  n 1 2

A. 3. B. 32 n 6 . C. 34 n8 . D. 310 n14 .

Answer:
12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. B

2
Unit 2 Factorization
Revision Notes
4.1 Identities
a2 – b2  (a + b)(a – b)
a2 – 2ab + b2  (a – b)2
a2 + 2ab + b2  (a + b)2

4.2 Cross-method
Using the fact that
(x + m)(x + n) = x2 + (m + n)x + mn  x +m
) x +n
to factorize polynomials.
x2 + mx
+) nx + mn
Exercise x2 + (m + n)x + mn

1. Factorize (a) x 2  6 xy  9 y 2 , (b) x 2  6 xy  9 y 2  7 x  21 y.

2. Factorize (a) 9 x 2  42 xy  49 y 2 , (b) 9 x 2  42 xy  49 y 2  6 x  14 y .
3. Factorize (a) 3m 2  mn  2n 2 , (b) 3m 2  mn  2n 2  m  n .
4. Factorize (a) 4m 2  25n 2 , (b) 4m 2  25n 2  6m  15n .
5. Factorize (a) a 2  2a  3 , (b) ab 2  b 2  a 2  2a  3 .
6. Factorize (a) x3  x 2 y  7 x 2 , (b) x3  x 2 y  7 x 2  x  y  7 .
2 3
7. Simplify  .
4x  5 1  6x
8. Factorize (a) 5m  10n, (b) m 2  mn  6n 2 , (c) m 2  mn  6n 2  5m  10n.

9. Factorize (a) x 2  4 xy  3 y 2 , (b) x 2  4 xy  3 y 2  11x  33 y .

10. Factorize (a) 9r 3  18r 2 s , (b) 9r 3  18r 2 s  rs 2  2 s 3 .

3 2
11. Simplify  .
7 x  6 5x  4
12. Factorize (a) 4m 2  9 , (b) 2m 2 n  7 mn  15n , (c) 4m 2  9  2m 2 n  7 mn  15n .
13. Factorize (a)  2    6 , (b)  4   3  6 2
14. Factorize (a) 6 x 2  xy  2 y 2 (b) 8 x  4 y  6 x 2  xy  2 y 2
15. Factorize (a) 9c 2  6c  1 , (b) (4c  d )2  9c 2  6c  1.
16. (4 x  y ) 2  (4 x  y ) 2 
A. 0 B. 2 y 2 C. 8xy D. 16xy
17. hl  kl  hm  km  hn  kn 
A. (h  k )(l  m  n ) B. (h  k )(l  m  n ) C. (h  k )(l  m  n ) D. (h  k )(l  m  n )
18. u 2  v 2  5u  5v 
A. (u  v )(u  v  5) B. (u  v )(u  v  5) C. (u  v)(u  v  5) D. (u  v)(u  v  5)
19. ( x  1)( x  x  1) 
2

A. x 3  1 B. ( x  1)3 C. x 3  x 2  x  1 D. x 3  2 x 2  2 x  1

3
 20. 16  (2 x  3 y ) 2 
A. (4  2 x  3 y )(4  2 x  3 y ). B. (4  2 x  3 y )(4  2 x  3 y ).
C. (4  2 x  3 y )(4  2 x  3 y ). D. (4  2 x  3 y )(4  2 x  3 y ).
21. 3m 2  5mn  2n2  m  n 
A. (m  n )(3m  2n  1) . B. (m  n )(3m  2n  1) . C. (m  n)(3m  2n  1) . D. (m  n)(3m  2n  1) .
22. h 2  6h  4k 2  12k 
A. ( h  2k )(h  2k  6) . B. ( h  2k )(h  2k  6) . C. ( h  2k )(h  2k  6) . D. ( h  2k )(h  2k  6) .
1 1
23.  
3x  7 3x  7
14 14 6x 6x
A. . B. . C. . D. .
49  9x 2 9 x  49
2
49  9 x 2 9 x  49
2

24. (a  b)(a 2  ab  b 2 ) 
A. (a  b)3 . B. a 3  b3 . C. a 3  2ab 2  b3 . D. a 3  2a 2b  2ab 2  b 3 .
5 2
25.  
4 k  3 4k  3
12k  21 12k  9 14k  21 14k  9
A. . B. . C. . D. .
16k  9
2
16k 2  9 16k 2  9 16k 2  9
26. (u  v )(u  v)(u  1) 
A. u 3  u 2  uv 2  v 2 B. u 3  u 2  uv 2  v 2 C. u 3  u 2  uv 2  v 2 D. u 3  u 2  uv 2  v 2
6 7
27.  
n6 n7
n n n  84 n  84
A. B. C. D.
(n  6)(n  7) (n  6)(7  n) (n  6)(n  7) (n  6)(7  n)
28. (3a  2b)(4a  5b)  a (6a  4b) 
A. (3a  2b)(2a  5b) . B. (3a  2b)(6a  5b) . C. (3a  2b)(2a  5b) . D. (3a  2b)(6a  5b)
29.        
2 2

A. (   )(    1) . B. (   )(    1) C. (   )(    1) D. (   )(    1)

Answer:
1.(a) ( x  3 y )2 (b) ( x  3 y )( x  3 y  7) 2. (a) (3 x  7 y ) 2 (b) (3 x  7 y )(3 x  7 y  2)
3.(a) (3m  2n )( m  n ) (b) ( m  n )(3m  2n  1) 4. (a) ( 2m  5n )(2m  5n ) (b) 2m  5n )(2m  5n  3)
5.(a) ( a  1)(a  3) (b) (a  1)(b  a  3) 6. (a) x ( x  y  7) (b) ( x  1)( x  1)( x  y  7)
2 2

13
7. 8. (a) 5(m  2n ) (b) ( m  3n )(m  2n ) (c) (m  2n )( m  3n  5)
(4 x  5)(6 x  1)
9. (a) ( x  3 y )( x  y ) 10. (a) 9r 2 (r  2 s ) (b) (r  2 s )(3r  s )(3r  s)
x
11. 12. (a) (2m  3)(2m  3) (b) n(2m  3)(m  5) (c) (2m  3)(2m  mn  5n  3)
(7 x  6)(5 x  4)
13. (a) (  3)(  2) (b)  2 (  3)(  2) 14. (a) (2 x  y )(3 x  2 y ) (b) (2 x  y )(4  3 x  2 y )

 3c  1
2
15. (a) (b) (7c  d  1)(c  d  1)

16. D 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. D

4
Unit 3 Percentage
Revision Notes

2.11 Percentage Increase

(a) Increase = new value – original value
increase
(b) Percentage increase =  100%
original value
2.12 Percentage Decrease
(a) Decrease = original value – new value
decrease
(b) Percentage decrease =  100%
original value
2.13 Percentage Change
(a) Change = new value – original value
change
(b) Percentage change =  100%
original value
Note: (i) When new value > original value (i.e. the value increases), the sign of the
percentage change is positive (+).
(ii) When new value < original value (i.e. the value decreases), the sign of the
percentage change is negative (–).

2.21 Profit
(a) Profit = selling price – cost price
profit
(b) Profit % =  100%
cost price
Selling price = cost price  (1 + profit %)

2.22 Loss
(a) Loss = cost price – selling price
loss
(b) Loss % =  100%
cost price
Selling price = cost price  (1 – loss %)

2.23 Discount
(a) Discount = marked price – selling price
discount
(b) Discount % =  100%
marked price
Discount = marked price  discount %
Selling price = marked price  (1 – discount %)

5
2.3 Simple Interest
If the principal is $P and the annual interest rate is R%, then
the simple interest ($I) received after T years is given by:
I = P  R%  T
(a) Amount ($A) = principal ($P) + interest ($I)
(b) Since I = P  R%  T, we have
A = P(1 + R%  T)
2.4 Compound Interest
Suppose $P is deposited in a bank at an interest rate of R% per period, and the compound
interest is calculated once per period. Then the amount ($A) after n periods is given by:
A = P(1 + R%)n total number of periods

interest rate
per period

Exercise
1. The cost of a chair is $360. If the chair is sold at a discount of 20% on its marked price, then the percentage
profit is 30%. Find the marked price of the chair.
[$585]

2. The daily wage of Ada is 20% higher than that of Billy while the daily wage of Billy is 20% lower than that of
Christine. It is given that the daily wage of Billy is $480.
(a) Find the daily wage of Ada. [$576]
(b) Who has the highest daily wage? Explain your answer.
[Daily wage of Christine is $600. Christine has the highest wage.]

3. The marked price of a handbag is $560. It is given that the marked price of the handbag is 40% higher than the
cost.
(a) Find the cost of the handbag. [$400]
(b) If the handbag is sold at $460, find the percentage profit. [15%]

4. John sold a computer game to Peter and made a profit of 20%. Peter then sold it to Mary at a loss of 20%. If
John made a profit of $40, find the amount that Mary paid for the computer game. [$192]

5. The marked price of a toy is $255. The toy is now sold at a discount of 40% on its marked price.
(a) Find the selling price of the toy. [$153] (b) If the % profit is 2%, find the cost of the toy. [$150]

6. The cost of a book is $250. The book is now sold and the % profit is 20%.
(a) Find the selling price of the book. [$300]
(b) If the book is sold at a discount of 25% on its marked price, find the marked price of the book. [$400]

6
7. In a recreation club, there are 180 members and the number of male members is 40% more than the number of
female members. Find the difference of the number of male members and the number of female members.
[30]

8. The marked price of a vase is 30% above its cost. A loss of $88 is made by selling the vase at a discount of
40% on its marked price. Find the marked price of the vase. [$520]

9. A wallet is sold at a discount of 25% on its marked price. The selling price of the wallet is $690.
(a) Find the marked price of the wallet. [$920]
(b) After selling the wallet, the percentage profit is 15%. Find the cost of the wallet. [$600]

10. The marked price of a shirt is higher than its cost by $80. The shirt is sold at a discount of 10% on its marked
price. After selling the shirt, the percentage profit is 30%. Find the marked price of the shirt. [$260]

11. A fan is sold at a discount of 30% on its marked price. After selling the fan, the profit is $78 and the
percentage profit is 26%. Find the marked price of the fan. [$540]

M.C.
1. John buys a vase for $1600. He then sells the vase to Susan at a profit of 20%. At what price should Susan sell
the vase in order to have a profit of 20%?
A. $2240 B. $2304 C. $2400 D. $2500
2. If the circumference of a circle is increased by 40%, then the area of the circle is increased by
A. 18% B. 20% C. 40% D. 96%
3. In a company, 37.5% of the employees are female. If 60% of the male employees and 80% of the female
employees are married, then the percentage of married employees in the company is
A. 32.5% B. 45% C. 55% D. 67.5%
4. Mary sold two bags for $240 each. She gained 20% on one and lost 20% on the other. After the two
transactions, Mary
A. lost $20 B. gained $10 C. gained $60 D. had no gain and no loss
5. If the length and the width of a rectangle are increased by 20% and x% respectively so that its area is
increased by 50%, then x =
A. 20 B. 25 C. 30 D. 35
6. Susan sells 2 cars for $80 080 each. She gains 30% on one and loses 30% on the other. After the two
transactions, Susan
A. loses $15 840 B. gains $5 544 C. gains $10296 D. has no gain and no loss
7. A sum of $50 000 is deposited at an interest rate of 8% per annum for 1 year, compounded monthly. Find the
interest correct to the nearest dollar.
A. $4 000 B. $4 122 C. $4 143 D. $4 150
8. There are 792 workers in a factory. If the number of male workers is 20% less than that of female workers,
then the number of male workers is
A. 352 B. 360 C. 432 D. 440

7
9. If the angle and the radius of a sector are decreased by x% and 50% respectively so that its area is decreased
by 90%, then x =
A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80
10. If the price of a souvenir is increased by 70% and then decreased by 60%, find the % change in the price of
the souvenir.
A. - 58% B. -32% C. 2% D. 10%
11. A sum of $50 000 is deposited at an interest rate of 6% per annum for 3 years, compounded quarterly. Find
the amount correct to the nearest dollar.
A. $59 000 B. $59 551 C. $59755 D. $59781
12. The monthly salary of Donald is 25% higher than that of Peter while the monthly salary of Peter is 25%
lower than that of Teresa. It is given that the monthly salary of Donald is $33 360. The monthly salary of
Teresa is
A. $31 275. B. $33 360. C. $35 584. D. $52 125.
13. A sum of $2 000 is deposited at an interest rate of 5% per annum for 4 years, compounded half-yearly. Find
the interest correct to the nearest dollar.
A. $400 B. $431 C. $437 D. $440
14. A sum of $100 000 is deposited at an interest rate of 2% per annum for 3 years, compounded monthly. Find
the interest correct to the nearest dollar.
A. $6000 B. $6121 C. $6176 D. $6178
15. A sum of $65 000 is deposited at an interest rate of 7% per annum for 8 years, compounded quarterly. Find
the amount correct to the nearest dollar.
A. $101 400 B. $111 682 C. $113 244 D. $113609
16. The cost of a toy is x% lower than its selling price. After selling the toy, the percentage profit is 25%. Find
x.
A. 20 B. 25 C. 75 D. 80
17. In a school, 33% of the students are overweight. It is given that 60% of the students in the school are girls
and 45% of the girls are overweight. If x% of the boys in the school are overweight, then x =
A. 15 B. 18 C. 25 D. 55

18. A sum of $88 000 is deposited at an interest rate of 6% per annum for 4 years, compounded monthly. Find
the interest correct to the nearest dollar.
A. $21120 B. $23098 C. $23803 D. $23825

Answers: 1-5. BDDAB 6-10. ADACB 11-15. DCCDC 16. AAC

8
Unit 4 Formulae, identities and equations

Revision Notes
5.1 Subject of the formula
Consider the formula A = xy.
A is the variable that stands alone on the L.H.S. and does not appear on the R.H.S.
A is called the subject of the formula.

5.2 Solving problems using simultaneous equations

To solve problems using simultaneous equations:
Step: Identify the two unknowns in the question and then use different letters
(e.g. x, y) to represent them.
Step: Set up simultaneous equations according to the given conditions in the
question.
Step: Solve the simultaneous equations in Step and check whether the solution
obtained satisfies the given conditions.
Step: Write down the answer to the question clearly.

Exercise

3a  b 7b  8
1. Make a the subject of the formula  b 1. [a  ]
8 3

2. There are 132 guards in an exhibition centre consisting of 6 zones. Each zone has the same number of guards.
In each zone, there are 4 more female guards than male guards. Find the number of male guards in the
exhibition centre. [54]

5 b 2b  5
3. Make a the subject of the formula  3b . [a  ]
1 a 3b

4. The ratio of the capacity of a bottle to that of a cup is 4:3. the total capacity of 7 bottles and 9 cups is 11 litres.
Find the capacity of a bottle. [0.8 litre]

6a
5. Make b the subject of the formula a (b  7)  a  b. [b  ]
1 a

6. In a football league, each team gains 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 point for a loss. The
champion of the league plays 36 games and gains a total of 84 points. Given that the champion does not lose
any games, find the number of games that the champion wins. [24]
9
 3 1 h
7. Make k the subject of the formula   2. [k  ]
h k 3  2h

8. The price of 7 pears and 3 oranges is $47 while the price of 5 pears and 6 oranges is $49. Find the price of a pear.
[$5]
7  5m
9. (a) Consider the formula 2(3m + n) = m +7. (a) Make n the subject of the formula. [ n  ]
2
(b) If the value of m is increased by 2, write down the change in the value of n. [decreased by 5]

4a  5b  7 4a  7
10. Make b the subject of the formula  8. [b  ]
b 3

11. The number of apples owned by Ada is 4 times that owned by Billy. If Ada gives 12 of her apples to Billy,
they will have the same number of apples. Find the total number of apples owned by Ada and Billy. [40]

BC
12. Make x the subject of the formula Ax  (4 x  B )C. [ x ]
A  4C

3x  y 3x
13. Make y the subject of the formula k  . [y ]
y k 1

14. There are only two kinds of admission tickets for a theatre: regular tickets and concessionary tickets. The
prices of a regular ticket and a concessionary ticket are $126 and $78 respectively. On a certain day, the
number of regular tickets sold is 5 times the number of concessionary tickets sold and the sum of money for
the admission tickets sold is $50 976. Find the total number of admission tickets sold that day. [432]

a  4 b 1 2a  5
15. Make b the subject of the formula  . [b  ]
3 2 3

16. Make h the subject of the formula 9(h  6k )  7 h  8 . [ h  4  27 k ]

17. The length and the breadth of a rectangle are 24 cm and (13 + r) cm respectively. If the length of a diagonal
of the rectangle is (17 – 3r) cm, find r. [r = −3]

18. In a playground, the ratio of the number of adults to the number of children is 13 : 6. If 9 adults and 24
children enter the playground, then the ratio of the number of adults to the number of children is 8 : 7. Find
the original number of adults in the playground. [39]

4  3a  4  5b 
19. Make a the subject of the formula  5.  3 
b

10
20. The number of stickers owned by a boy is 3 times that owned by a girl. If the boy gives 20 of his stickers to
the girl, then the number of stickers owned by the girl is 2 times that owned by the boy. Find the total
number of stickers owned by the boy and the girl. [48]

21. Let x and y be two numbers. The sum of x and y is 456 while the product of 7 and x is y. Find x. [57]

M.C.
1. If p and q are constants such that x 2  p  ( x  2)( x  q)  10 , then p =
A. 4 B. 2 C. 6 D. 10

2. If m  2n  6  2m  n  7 , then n =
A. 4 B. 1 C. 3 D. 11

3. If m( x  3)2  n( x  1)2  x 2  38 x  41, then m =

A. 4 B. 1 C. 3 D. 5

4. Let p and q be constants. If x 2  p( x  5)  q  ( x  2)( x  5), then q =

A. 25 B. 10 C. 3 D. 5

5. The price of 2 bowls and 3 cups is $506. If the price of 5 bowls and the price of 4 cups are the same, then the
price of a bowl is
A. $88 B. $92 C. $110 D. $115

6. If p  3q  4 and 5 p  9q  2 , then p =
A. 5 B. 3 C. 3 D. 5

a b
7. If   3, then x =
x y
ay ay by by
A. . B. . C. . D. .
3y  b b  3y 3y  a a  3y
8. If 4    7  3  5 , then  
A. 3. B.  2. C. 2. D. 3.

a  4b b
9. If  2  , then a =
2a a
2b 3b 5b 6b
A. . B. . C. . D. .
3 2 6 5

10. If m and n are constants such that 4 x 2  m( x  1)  28  mx( x  3)  n( x  4) , then n =

A. 8. B. 7. C. 4. D. 16.

11
  
11. If  , then x =
1 x x
   
A. . B. . C. . D. .
       
12. If m  n and 2m2  5m  2n 2  5n  14 , then (m  2)(n  2) 
A. −8. B. 2. C. 6. D. 16.

13. If 6 x  7 y  40  2 x  11 y , then y =
A. −4. B. 2. C. 4. D. 9.
14. If  and  are constants such that ( x  8)( x   )  6  ( x  9)2   , then  
A. −26. B. −10. C. −7. D. −6.
5
15. If h  3  , then k =
k 4
4h  7 4h  17 4h  7 4h  17
A. . B. . C. D. .
3 h 3h 3 h 3 h
16. If a (a  b)  2(b  a ) , then b 
a2  a a 2  2a a 2  2a a2  a
A. . B. . C. . D. .
2a 2a 2a 2a

17. (3a  2b)(4a  5b)  a (6a  4b) 

A. (3a  2b)(2a  5b) . B. (3a  2b)(6a  5b) . C. (3a  2b)(2a  5b) . D. (3a  2b)(6a  5b)
18. If h and k are constants such that ( x  h)( x  6)  ( x  4)  k , then k =
2

A. 28. B. 16. C. 4. D. 2.

19. If m(m  a )  a (1  m), then a =
2 m2  m
A. m B. 2m C. m D.
2
20. If a, b and c are non-zero constants such that a ( x  3)  b(3x  1)  c ( x  2) , then a:b =
A. 1:3 B. 1:5 C. 3:1 D. 5:1

21. If m and n are constants such that ( x  3) 2  mx  ( x  n)( x  1)  2n , then m =

A.−14 B. −8 C. 4 D. 9

2 3
22. If   4 , then u =
u v
2v 2v 3v 3v
A. B. C. D.
4v  3 3  4v 4v  2 2  4v
Answer:
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. A 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D
21. A 22. A

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