JOSE RIZAL

Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, wide known as Jose Rizal

Spanish pronunciation: (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino
nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of
the Philippines. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and
a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated
political reforms for the colony under Spain
Born José Protasio Rizal Mercado (y)
Alonso Realonda
June 19, 1861
Calamba, Laguna, Spanish
Philippines

Died December 30, 1896 (aged 35)

Bagumbayan, Manila, Spanish
Philippines

Cause of Execution by firing squad

death
Monuments Lunita Park, Manila
Calamaba, Laguna,
Daet, Camarines, Norte

Other Names Pepe, Jose (Nick Names)

Alma mater Ateneo Municipal de Manila,

University of Santo Tomas,
Universidad Central de Madrid

Organization La Solidaridad, La Liga Filipina

Spouse Josephine Bracken

Parents Francisco Mercado Rizal (father)

Teodora Alonzo Realonda (mother)
 Meaning of Rizal’s Name

DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO Y REALONDA

 Jose – was chosen by his mother who was devotee of the Christian Saint Joseph
(San Jose)

 Protacio – from Gervacio P. which come from Christian calendar

 Mercado – adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great

grandfather of Jose Rizal) which Spanish term “mercado” means market in English

 Rizal – from the word “Ricial” in Spanish means field where are cut while still green
and sprouts again.

 Alonzo – old surname of his mother

 Y - and

 Realonda – it was used by Dona Teodora from the surname of her godmother
based on the culture by that time.
He was executed by the Spanish Colonial Government for the crime rebellion after the Philippine
Revolution, inspired in part by his writings, broke out. Though he was not actively involved
in its planning or conduct, he ultimately approved of its goals which eventually led to Philippine
Independence.

He is widely considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines and has been
recommended to be so honored by an officially empaneled National Heroes
Committee. However, no law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or
issued officially proclaiming any Filipino historical figure as a national hero.

was the author of the novels Noli Me Tángere and El filibusterismo, and several poems
and essays.
EARLY LIFE

José Rizal was born in 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso in the town
of Calamba in Laguna province. He had nine sisters and one brother. His parents
were leaseholders of a hacienda and an accompanying rice farm by the Dominicans. Both
their families had adopted the additional surnames of Rizal
and Realonda in 1849, after Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed
the adoption of Spanish surnames among the Filipinos for census purposes (though
they already had Spanish names).
EARLY LIFE

Like many families in the Philippines, the Rizals were of mixed origin. José’s
patrilineal lineage could be traced back to Fujian in China through his father's
ancestor Lam-Co, a Chinese merchant who immigrated to the Philippines in the late17th
century. Lam-Co traveled to Manila from Amoy, China, possibly to avoid the famine or
plague in his home district, and more probably to escape the Manchu invasion. He finally
decided to stay in the islands as a farmer. In 1697, to escape the bitter anti-Chinese
prejudice that existed in the Philippines, he converted to Catholicism, changed his name
to Domingo Mercado and married
EARLY LIFE

the daughter of an indigenous Philippines resident. On his mother's side, Rizal's

ancestry included Chinese, Japanese and Tagalog blood. His mother's lineage can
be traced to the affluent Florentina family of Chinese mestizo families originating in
Baliuag, Bulacan. José Rizal also had Spanish ancestors. His grandfather was a
half Spaniard engineer named Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo.
From an early age, José showed a precocious intellect. He learned the
alphabet from his mother at and could read and write at age 5. Upon enrolling
at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, he
EARLY LIFE

dropped the last three names that made up his full name, on the advice of his
brother, Paciano and the Mercado family, thus rendering his name as "José Protasio
Rizal". Of this, he later wrote: "My family never paid much attention [to our second
surname Rizal], but now I had to use it, thus giving me the appearance of an illegitimate
child! This was to enable him to travel freely and disassociate him from his
brother, who had gained notoriety with his earlier links to Filipino priests Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora (popularly known as Gomburza) who had
been accused and executed for treason.
EARLY LIFE

Despite the name change, José, as "Rizal“ soon distinguished himself in poetry
writing contests, impressing his professors with his facility with Castilian
and other foreign languages, and later, in writing essays that were critical of the
Spanish historical accounts of the pre-colonial Philippine societies. Indeed, by
1891, the year he finished his ElFilibusterismo, this second surname had
EARLY LIFE

become so well known that, as he writes to another friend, "All my family now carry
the name Rizal instead of Mercado because the name Rizal means
persecution! Good! I too want to join them and be worthy of this family name..."
EARLY INFLUENCES

Mother – love for literature

His mother- encouraged him to express his ideas and sentiments in verse
“The Story of the Moth” is about the mother moth warning its offspring of the danger of
fluttering too close to the flame. The little moth did not heed the advice; thus, it was
burned by the flame.
It gave him the moral lesson that if one must succeed, he must take risks and
prepare for the worst consequences.Without courage, there will be no glory.
EARLY CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION

1864 - learned the alphabet from his mother

1865 - his sister Concepcion (8th child) died at the age of three

1865 – 1867 - his mother taught him how to read and write
Leon Monroy - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin
Uncle Manuel Alberto - taught the latter love for nature
Usman – Rizal’s dog
Uncle Gregorio - instilled love for education

1869 - "Sa Aking Mga Kabata."

EARLY CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION

In Biñan, Laguna :

1870 - His brother Paciano brought Rizal to Biñan, Laguna

Justiniano Aquino Cruz – taught Rizal Latin and Spanish
Juancho Carrera – taught him the art of painting

17 December 1870 - Rizal returned to Calamba after he finished his

studies in Biñan

Back in Calamba:

1871 - His mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna, for allegedly poisoning the
wife of Jose Alberto

1872 - Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872; his father forbids the words:
Burgos
filibustero
Cavite
FORMAL EDUCATION
Rizal, 11 years old, a student at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila

Rizal first studied under Justiniano Aquino

Cruz in Biñan, Laguna, before he was sent to Manila. As to his father's request,
He took the entrance examination in Colegio de San Juan de Letran but he then enrolled
at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and graduated as one of the nine students in
his class declared sobresaliente or outstanding. He continued his education
at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila to obtain a land surveyor and assessor's
degree, and at the same time at the University of Santo Tomas where he did take up a
preparatory course in law. Upon learning that his mother was going blind, he decided to
switch to medicine at the medical school of Santo Tomas specializing later in
ophthalmology.
FORMAL EDUCATION
Rizal as a student at the University of Santo Tomas

Without his parent’s knowledge and consent, but secretly supported by

his brother Paciano, he traveled alone to Madrid, Spain, in May 1882 and
studied medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid where he earned
the degree, Licentiate in Medicine. He also attended medical lectures at
the University of Paris and the University of Heidelberg. In Berlin
FORMAL EDUCATION

He was inducted as a member of the Berlin Ethnological Society and the Berlin
Anthropological Society under the patronage of the famous pathologist
Rudolf Virchow. Following custom, he delivered an address in German in April
1887 before the Anthropological Society on the orthography and structure of the
Tagalog language. He left Heidelberg a poem, "A las flores del Heidelberg", which
was both an evocation and a prayer for the welfare of his native land and the unification
of shared values between East and West.
FORMAL EDUCATION

At Heidelberg, the 25-year-old Rizal completed in 1887 his eye specialization

under the renowned professor, Otto Becker. There he used the newly invented
ophthalmoscope (invented by Hermann von Helmholtz) to later operate on his own
mother's eye. From Heidelberg, Rizal wrote his parents: "I spend half of the day in the
study of German and the other half, in the diseases of the eye. Twice a week, I go to
the bierbrauerie, or beerhall, to speak German with my student friends." He lived
in a Karlstraße boarding house then moved to Ludwigsplatz. There, he met
Reverend Karl Ullmer and stayed with them
FORMAL EDUCATION

In Wilhelmsfeld, where he wrote the last few chapters of Noli Me Tángere.

Rizal was a polymath, skilled in both science and the arts. He painted, sketched,
and made sculptures and woodcarving. He was a prolific poet, essayist, and novelist
whose most famous works were his two novels, Noli Me Tángere and its sequel,
Elfilibusterismo. These social commentaries during the Spanish
colonization of the country formed the nucleus of literature that inspired peaceful
reformists and armed revolutionaries alike. Rizal was also a polyglot, conversant in
twenty-two languages.
FORMAL EDUCATION

Rizal's multifaceted Ness was described by his German friend, Dr. Adolf Bernhard
Meyer, as "stupendous.“ Documented studies show him to be a polymath with
the ability to master various skills and subjects. He was an ophthalmologist, sculptor,
painter, educator, farmer, historian, playwright and journalist. Besides poetry and creative
writing, he dabbled, with varying degrees of expertise, in architecture, cartography,
economics, ethnology, anthropology, sociology, dramatics, martial arts, fencing and
pistol shooting. He was also a Freemason, joining Acacia Lodge during his time in Spain
and becoming a Master Mason in 1884.
 FIRST TRIPS ABROAD (1882-1887)

1. PHILIPPINES
2. SINGAPORE
3. SRI LANKA
4. EGYPT
5. ITALY
6. FRANCE
7. SPAIN
For Madrid to pursue his medical studies in the
Universidad Central de Madrid, he also took
courses in Philosophy and letters and took French
German and English lessons from private tutors
8. FRANCE
9. GERMANY
10. SWITZERLAND
11. FRANCE
12. ITALY
FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)
 SECOND TRIPS ABROAD (1885-1892)

1. HONG KONG
2. JAPAN
3. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
4. ENGLAND (UNITED KINGDOM
5. BELGIUM

February 12, 1890- he arrived at Brussels, Belgium.

September 25, 1891- Valen Ventura sent Rizal in Ghent,

Belgium 200 frame for the publications expenses of the Fill
6. FRANCE
 THIRD TRIPS ABROAD (1891-1892)

1. FRANCE
2. HONG KONG
LAST HOMECOMING (1892-1896)
WATER SYSTEM FOR DAPITAN
COMMUNITY PROJETS FOR DAPITAN
RIZAL AS A TEACHER
RIZAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE
ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
RIZAL AS A FARMER
RIZAL AS A BUSINESSMAN