IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK

OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

YCDC J± 19
@J[GL^CJ[GY?
c) DGF
DGFJ@K
J@KCY
CY EC^FDK
EC^FDK MWÓF_
MWÓF_ RCDGJ_
RCDGJ_WGD
WGDC.
C.
n) DGP
DGPKP
KP KG
KGD
D IC^
IC^MGJ
MGJ QGÓC
QGÓC I
IECB
ECBDFS
DFSWG.
WG.
i) OWJ
OWJ@F^
@F^ LF^
LF^HP
HP F
F^[@
^[@_
_ D@
D@NG^
NG^C[F
C[F..
k) QCJ
QCJ[C
[C ^W@_
^W@_ OFYÀ
OFYÀ BG^
BG^JCJ
JCJKF
KF

GUQGK@GJ[G ? 7153->11<-9->115-O^-QG-13
Q^FIGYCKF ? YCJ[FY CDGOCJK^F IF[^@JC BDF^GY
KGD@[F(Y) ? EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG
[GJGJI@C @DGLCD KG C^MC KG BWGLF
CL^CR@CKF ? M@LWGD CQFD@JC^ ^FK^ÍLWG_ ^FK^ÍLWG_
GD GY[CKF
CI[F^ I@R@D ? MG^P Y@DRC FDCPC RKC. KG ^FK^ÍLWG_

YGJ[GJI@C

^GYFDWI@ÙJ JßMG^F I@JIF (17)

[ruo`ddf, vg`jtg kg jfv`gmnrg kg kfs m`d vg`jt`ujf. -

R@Y[FY P F@KFY8 gj Cuk`gji`c kg Ou`i`f Frcd kgd prfigsf

sglu
sglu`k
`kf
f ifjt rc YCJ
ifjtrc YCJ[FY
[FY CDGOCJ
CDGOCJK^FK^F IF[
IF[^@J
^@JCC BDF
BDF^GY
^GY pf
pfrr dc prgs
prgsuj
ujtc
tc
ifm`s`
ifm `s`ùj
ùj kgd kgd`t
kgd`tf
f ifj
ifjtrc
trc dc v`k
v`kc,
c, gd iug
iugrpf
rpf y dc scduk ’ Efm`i`k`f Y`mpdg gj
clrcv`f kg M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz y kgd kgd`tf ifjtrc dc sglur`kck
c ’ [gjgji`c @dglcd kg Crmc kg Buglf gj clrcv`f kgd Gstckf, dfs Ygófrgs
pÿnd`ic
pÿnd`i
Ougigs kgd Ouzlckf Qgjcd Ifdgl`ckf kg [ruo`ddf, ckm`j`strckf oust`i`c c jfmnrg kg
dc Jci`ùj, ecj gm`t`kf dc s`lu`gjtg sgjtgji`c?
@. EGIEFY @MQW[CKFY
Gd M`j
M`j`st
`stgr`f
gr`f Qund`
Qund`if,
if, ctr`nu
ctr`nuyg
yg cd prfi
prfigsckf YCJ[FY CDGOCJK^F IF[^@JC
gsckf
BDF^GY, dfs s`lu`gjtgs egiefs?
3.3. EGIEFY Q^GIGKGJ[GY?
Gd kíc 13 jfv`gmnrg kgd cóf >11<, s`gjkf cprfx`mckcmgjtg dcs 11?91 efrcs,
iucjk
iucjkff gd clrcv
clrcv`c
`ckf
kf M`
M`lug
lugdd Cp
Cpfd
fd`j
`jcr
cr ^fkr
^fkríl
ílug
ugzz ^f
^fkr
kríl
ílug
ugzz sg gj
gjif
ifjt
jtrcn
rcnc
c
kgsicjscjkf gj su kfm`i`d`f,
0, Dcrgkf ’ [ruo`ddf, un`ickf
cifmpcóckf gjtrgs
kg sus dc Wrncj`zci`ùj DcyMgrigk,
mgjfrgs e`ocs Mz. gsiuieù
su gspfsc, —F” Dftg

Qãl`jc 3 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

ru`kfs cd gxtgr`fr kg su v`v`gjkc, pfr df qug scd`ù c vgr quà gs df qug fiurríc,
iucjkf gddf suigkg, pukf kcrsg iugjtc qug gj gd pfstg un`ickf bugrc kg su
kfm`i`d`f sg gjifjtrcnc
sg gjifjtrcnc trgpckc ujc pgrsfjc y, gj gd tgief kgd vgi`jf ifd`jkcjtg,
ftrc pgrsfjc.
3.>. EGIEFY IFJIFM@[CJ[GY?
Gj gscs i`riujstcji`cs, gd clrcv`ckf M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz dflrc
rgkui`r c dc pgrsfjc qug gstcnc trgpckc gj gd pfstg kg duz gdàitr`ic, s`gjkf qug dc
pgrsfjc qug sg gjifjtrcnc
gjifjtrcnc gj gd tgief ifjs`
ifjs`lu`ù
lu`ù kcrsg dc bulc, cpcrg
cpcrgi`gjk
i`gjkf
f ujc
tgrigrc pgrsfjc qug, pfrtcjkf uj crmc kg buglf y ifj dc b`jcd`kck kg gv`tcr dc
`jtgrvgji`ùj kg su iùmpd`ig, gbgitÿc k`spcrfs, k`r`l`gjkf gd pr`mgrf ifjtrc dc
gspfsc kgd clrcv`ckf (qug tcmn`àj ecníc scd`kf bugrc kgd kfm`i`d`f) y dfs ftrfs kfs
k`spcrfs, ifjtrc gd clrcv`ckf, s`gjkf qug gd ÿdt`mf `mpcitc gj dc brgjtg kgd
clrcv`ckf.
3.9. EGIEFY QFY[G^@F^GY?
Duglf kg k`spcrcr gj gd iugrpf kgd clrcv`ckf, gd prfigsckf sg kc c dc bulc y dfs
vgi`jfs
vgi `jfs oujtf c dc iùj
iùjyul
yulg
g kg kfj M`M`lugd
lugd Cpfd`
Cpfd`jcr
jcr ^fk
^fkríl
rílugz
ugz ^fk
^fkríl
rílugz,
ugz, df
ifjkuigj cd efsp`tcd gj kfjkg sfdcmgjtg ifjb`rmcrfj su kgigsf.
@@. ICD@B@ICI@ÙJ OW^ÍK@IC
Gd M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if, ec icd`b`ickf ourík`icmgjtg dfs egiefs `mputckfs y kgsir`tfs
gj gd ciãp`tg cjtgr`fr, ifmf kgd`tf ifjtrc dc v`kc, gd iugrpf y dc scduk ’ Efm`i`k`f
Y`mpdg y kgd`tf ifjtrc dc sglur`kck pÿnd`ic ’ [gjgji`c @dglcd kg Crmc kg Buglf,
`jk`icjkf qug sg gstã cjtg uj ifjiursf rgcd kg kgd`tfs?
>.3. EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG
Crtíiudf 312± Iùk`lf Qgjcd? —Gd qug mctc c ftrf sgrã rgpr`m`kf ifj pgjc pr`vct`vc
kg d`ngrtck jf mgjfr kg sg`s j` mcyfr kg vg`jtg cófs” .

Yfnrg
Yf nrg gd efm
C^GSW@QC, efm`i
ec`i`k
`k`f
`f s`
s`mp
mpdg
dg,, qug
gstcndgi`kf dc If
Ifrt
rtg
—X…] gsgYuprg
Yugjiugjtrc
prgmc
mc gjt`p`b`ickf
dc Ic
Icsc
sci`
i`ùj
gj ùj J± 22 220->
gd crtíiudf0->13
132-
2-
i`gjtf
sg`s, kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd, gd iucd sgócdc qug qu`gj mctc c ftrf sgrã rgpr`m`kf ifj
pgjc pr`vct`vc
pr`vct`vc kg dc d`ngrtck. Dc ifjkuitc típ`ic kgd efm`i`k`f s`mpdg sg ifjb`lurc
iucjkf sg qu`tc dc v`kc kfdfscmgjtg c ujc pgrsfjc, s`j qug sg prgsgjtg dc
ifjiurrgji`c kg cdlujc i`riujstcji`c ctgjucjtg f clrcvcjtg qug kà dulcr c ftrc
b`lurc kgd`it`vc. Kg gstc mcjgrc, ifmf n`gj df sgócdc R`ddcv`igji`f [grrgrfs, gs uj
t`pf pgjcd nãs`if qug sg cpd`ic cutùjfmcmgjtg s`j rgbgrgji`c c ftrf t`pf pgjcd8
pfr df qug gs ujc jfrmc ourík`if pgjcd kg jcturcdgzc `jkgpgjk`gjtg f ifmpdgtc8 y
gs kg cp cpd`d`ic
ici`
i`ùj
ùj rgs
rgs`k
`kuc
ucdd pfrqu
pfrqugg s` jf sg if ifmp
mprf
rfncr
ncrcj
cj dc
dcss pc
pcrt
rt`i
`iud
udcr
cr`k
`kck
ckgs
gs
gx`lgji`cs kg dfs ftrfs t`pfs kg efm`i`k`f, gstcs sg ifjvgrt`rãj gj efm`i`k`f
s`mpdg.
s`mpd g. Gd n`gj ourík`if prftgl`
prftgl`kfkf gj gstg kgd`tf gs dc v`kc eumcjc `jkgpg
`jkgpgjk`gjt
jk`gjtg,
g,
dc iucd `j`i`c kurcjtg gd pcrtf ’tgj`gjkf gj iugjtc df sgócdckf gj gd crtíiudf i`gjtf
k`gz kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd 9’ y b`jcd`zc ifj dc mugrtg igrgnrcd. Ifj rgdci`ùj cd suogtf

Qãl`jc > kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

cit`vf, cd ecigr rgbgrgji`c gd t`pf pgjcd c dc gxprgs`ùj —gd qug”, gd suogtf cit`vf
pugkg sgr iucdqu`gr pgrsfjc jcturcd. Gd suogtf pcs`vf, cd gstcr kgsir`tf ifj dc
gxprgs`ùj —c ftrf”
t`gjg qug gstg t`pf tcmn`àj
pgjcd gs pugkg
kfdfsf sgr iucdqu`gr
(cj`mus pgrsfjc jcturcd. Qfr su pcrtg, sg
jgicjk`).”
>.>. [GJGJI@C @DGLCD KG C^MC KG BWGLF
Crtíiudf ><0± Iùk`lf Qgjcd? —Gd qug, s`j gstcr kgn`kcmgjtg cutfr`zckf, bcnr`ic,
gjscmndc,
gjscmn dc, mfk`b`
mfk`b`ic,
ic, cdmcig
cdmcigjc,
jc, sum`j`
sum`j`str
strc,
c, ifmgri`
ifmgri`cd`
cd`zc,
zc, fbrgig
fbrgig f t`gjg gj su
pfkgr nfmncs,
nfmncs, crtgbc
crtgbcitf
itfs
s f mctgr`c
mctgr`cdgs
dgs gxpdfs
gxpdfs`vfs
`vfs,, `jbdcm
`jbdcmcnd
cndgs,
gs, csb`x`
csb`x`cjt
cjtgs
gs f
tùx`ifs
tùx`ifs f sustcji`cs
sustcji`cs f mctgr`cdgs
mctgr`cdgs kgst`jckfs
kgst`jckfs pcrc su prgpcrci`ùj,
prgpcrci`ùj, sgrã rgpr`m`kf
rgpr`m`kf
ifj pgjc pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck jf mgjfr kg sg`s j` mcyfr kg qu`jig cófs, g
`jec
`jecn`
n`d`
d`tc
tci`
i`ùj
ùj ifjb
ifjbfrm
frmgg cd `j
`ji`
i`sf
sf 2 kgd
kgd crcrtí
tíiu
iudf
df 92 kgdkgd Iùk`
Iùk`lf
lf Qgjc
Qgjcd. d. Ygrã
Ygrã
scji`fjckf ifj dc m`smc pgjc gd qug prgstc f cdqu`dc, dfs n`gjgs c dfs qug sg
ecigj rgbgrgji`c gj gd pr`mgr pãrrcbf. Gd qug trcb`ic ifj nfmncs, crtgbcitfs f
mctgr`cdgs gxpdfs`vfs, `jbdcmcndgs, csb`x`cjtgs f tùx`ifs f sustcji`cs f mctgr`cdgs

kgst`jckfs
mgjfr kg sg`spcrc
j`su prgpcrci`ùj,
mcyfr kg qu`jigsgrã rgpr`m`kf
cófs, ifj pgjcifjbfrmg
g `jecn`d`tci`ùj pr`vct`vc cd
kg`ji`sf
d`ngrtck jf
2 kgd
crtíiudf 92 kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd. Gd qug, s`j gstcr kgn`kcmgjtg cutfr`zckf, trcjsbfrmc
f trcjspfrtc
trcjspfrtc mctgr`cdgs
mctgr`cdgs y rgs`kufs
rgs`kufs pgd`lrfsfs
pgd`lrfsfs sùd`kfs, díqu`kfs,
díqu`kfs, lcsgfsfs u ftrfs,
qug pfjlc gj pgd`lrf dc v`kc, scduk, pctr`mfj`f pÿnd`if f pr`vckf y gd mgk`f
cmn`gjtg, sgrã scji`fjckf ifj dc m`smc pgjc qug gd pãrrcbf cjtgr`fr” .
@@@. Q^G[GJY@FJGY QGJCDGY P I@R@DGY
9.3. Q^G[GJY@FJGY QGJCDGY
9.3.3. ^GYQGI[F CD KGD@[F KG EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG
Gd M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if, ec sfd`i`tckf, sg `mpfjlc cd prfigsf ujc pgjc pr`vct`vc kg dc
d`ngrtck gbgit`vc kg 3> cófs.
9.3.>. GJ IWCJ[F CD KGD@[F KG [GJGJI@C @DGLCD KG C^MC KG BWGLF
Gd M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if, ec sfd`i`tckf, sg `mpfjlc cd prfigsf ujc pgjc pr`vct`vc kg dc
d`ngrtck gbgit`vc kg 15 cófs.
9.>. Q^G[GJY@FJGY I@R@DGY
9.3.3. ^GYQGI[F CD KGD@[F KG EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG
Dc citfrc i`v`d Mgry Y`dvc Fdcyc Rkc. Kg ^fkrílugz, ec sfd`i`tckf ujc rgpcrci`ùj
i`v`d gifjùm`ic kg Y/ 311,111.11 (I`gj M`d ifj 11/311 Yfdgs).
9.3.>. GJ IWCJ[F CD KGD@[F KG [GJGJI@C @DGLCD KG C^MC KG BWGLF
Jf sg ec ifjst`tu`kf citfr i`v`d.
@R. QFY@I@ÙJ KG DCY QC^[GY Q^FIGYCDGY
;.3. QWJ[FY JF IFJ[^FRG^[@KFY

Qãl`jc 9 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

Kg dcs pfs`i`fjgs kg dcs pcrtgs gj dc cuk`gji`c kg ou`i`f frcd, sg ec kgtgrm`jckf

ifmf pujtfs jf ifjtrfvgrt`kfs y qug, pfr tcjtf, jf jgigs`tcj sgr prfnckfs, dfs
s`lu`gjtgs?
;.3.3. ^GYQGI[F CD KGD@[F KG EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG
c) Gd kíc 13 kkg
g jfv`gm
jfv`gmnrg
nrg kg >11<
>11<,, s`gjk
s`gjkf
f cprfx`
cprfx`mckcmg
mckcmgjtg jtg dcs 11?91
11?91 efrc
efrcs,
s, gd
prfigsckf sg gjifjtrcnc gj gd brfjt`s kgd kfm`i`d`f kgd clrcv`ckf, un`ickf gj
dc Wrncj`zci`ùj Dc Mgrigk, Mz. —F” Dftg 0, Dcrgkf ’ [ruo`ddf, cifmpcóckf kg
kfs pgrsfjcs mãs, c qu`gjgs ec `kgjt`b`ickf ifmf Mcrifs Ycmugd ^u`z
Ieciùj, iuyf sgukùj`mf gs —Icrc” y ftrc pgrsfjc jf `kgjt`b`ickc, iuyf
sgukùj`mf gs —Irgspf”.

n) Dc pgrsfjc ifjf
ifjfi`kc
i`kc ifmf —Irgspf”,
—Irgspf”, sg gjifjt
gjifjtrcnc
rcnc trgpck
trgpckc
c gj gd pfstg kg
gjgrlíc gdàitr`ic qug sg gjifjtrcnc gj gd brfjt`s kgd kfm`i`d`f kgd clrcv`ckf,
cs`m
cs`m`s
`smf
mf,, gst
gstgg ÿd
ÿdt`t`mf
mf,, cd gsiu
gsiuiec
iecrr gd ru
ru`k
`kf,
f, sc
scd`d`ù
ù kg su kfkfm`
m`i`
i`d`d`f
f y dg
if
ifmg
mgjz
jzù
ù c gjtrg
ifmgjzcjkf `j
`jir
irgp
gpcr
cr cujc
gddfs —irgs
—irgspf”
pf”,, mcj`
pgdgc. mcj`bg
bgst
stcj
cjkf
kf qug
qug sg nc
ncog
og kg
kgdd pfs
pfstg
tg,,

i) Gd ciusckf sg gjifjtrcnc un`ickf c

cdd brgjtg kgd kfm`i`d
kfm`i`d`f
`f kgd clrcv`ckf.
k) Gd `mputckf, cd mfmgjt
mfmgjtf
f kg dfs egiefs, tgjíc gj pfsgs`ùj uj uj crmc kg buglf
mcric Ym`te \gssfj, icd`nrg 95 0mm.

g) Gd ciusckf rgifjfig ecngr rgcd`zckf, cd mgjfs, kfs k`spcrfs ifj gd crmc kg

buglf mcric Ym`te \gssfj, icd`nrg
icd`nrg 95 0mm, j`jluj
j`jlujf
f kg dfs iucdgs `mpcit
`mpcitù
ù
ifjtrc gd clrcv`ckf.
b) Qrfkuitf kg uj k`spcrf prfkui`kf pfr gd crmc kg buglf mcric Ym`te \gssfj
icd`nrg 95 0mm, qug `mpcitù gj dc brgjtg kg M`lugd C. ^fkr`lugz ^fkr`lugz,
sg prfkuof gd kgigsf kgd m`smf.
l) Dc icus
icuscc kg dc mumugr
grtg
tg kgd
kgd clrc
clrcv`
v`ck
ckff bug
bug egegmf
mfrr
rrcl
cl`c
`c clcluk
ukc
c sgvg
sgvgrc
rc
`jtrcircjgcjc, kgn`kf c dc dgs`ùj gjigbãd`ic prfkui`kf pfr egr`kc pgjgtrckc
gj dc icngzc pfr prfygit`d kg crmc kg buglf, s`gjkf gd fr`b`i`f kg `jlrgsf kgd
prfygit`d kg crmc kg buglf c j`vgd Brfjtcd, s`j fr`b`i`f kg scd`kc.

e) Gd crmc qug dg bug ecdd

ecddckc
ckc cd ciusck
ciusckf,
f, uj mgs kgsp
kgspuàs
uàs kg fiu
fiurr`
rr`kfs
kfs dfs
egiefs, gs mcric Ym`te \gssfj, icd`nrg 95 0mm y ifrrgspfjkg cd prfygit`d
qug dg icusù dc mugrtg cd clrcv`ckf.
;.3.3. ^GYQGI[F CD KGD@[F KG [GJGJI@C @DGLCD KG C^MC KG BWGLF
Gd prfigsckf ec sgócdckf qug gd kíc kg dfs egiefs tgjíc gj pfsgs`ùj gd crmc kg
buglf
uj mgsmcric Ym`tekg\gssfj,
kgspuàs icd`nrg
fiurr`kfs 95 0mm,prgi`scjkf
dfs egiefs, cs`m`smf, k`iec
qug gdcrmc dg bug ecddckc
prfigsckf jf ec
Qãl`jc ; kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

cirgk`tckf ifjtcr ifj d`igji`c pcrc dc tgjgji`c y usf kg crmc kg buglf. Kg ftrf
dckf, gj cuk`gji`c kg ou`i`f frcd, gd prfigsckf ec cigptckf dc rgspfjscn`d`kck
pgjcd rgspgitf cd kgd`tf kg tgjgji`c `dglcd kg crmcs.

;.>. QWJ[FY IFJ[^FRG^[@KFY

Kg dcs pfs`i`fjgs kg dcs pcrtgs gj dc cuk`gji`c kg ou`i`f frcd, sg ec kgtgrm`jckf
ifmf
ifmf pujt
pujtfs
fs ifjt
ifjtrf
rfvg
vgrt
rt`k
`kfs
fs y qu
qug,
g, pfr
pfr tcjt
tcjtf,
f, sgrã
sgrãj
j mc
mctgtgr`
r`c
c kg cjãd
cjãd`s
`s`s
`s y
prfjuji`cm`gjtf gj dc prgsgjtg sgjtgji`c, dfs s`lu`gjtgs?
;.>.3. ^GYQGI[F CD KGD@[F KG EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG
c) Kgtgrm
Kgtgrm`jcr
`jcr dc bfrmc iùmf gstcnc
gstcnc vvgst`kf
gst`kf gd cius
ciusckf.
ckf.
n) Gstcndgigr
Gstcndgigr s` gd ciusckf gbgi
gbgituù
tuù uj k`spcrf gj dc brgjt
brgjtg
g kgd clrcv`ckf,
clrcv`ckf, df
qug prfkuof su mugrtg.

;.>.3. ^GYQGI[F CD KGD@[F KG EFM@I@K@F Y@MQDG

Jf gx`stgj pujtfs gj ifjtrfvgrs`c, tgj`gjkf pfr cirgk`tckc dc rgspfjscn`d`kck
pgjcd kgd prfigsckf gj gstg kgd`tf.
R. [@QFDFLÍC KGD Q^FNDGMC
[gj`gjkf
[gj`gj kf gj iugjtc dfs pujtfs gj ifjtrfvgrs`c
ifjtrfvgrs`c,, sg ifjidu
ifjiduyg
yg qug gd prfndgmc qug
sg prgsgjtc gj icsf sg gjiugjtrc rgbgr`kf c dc prgm`sc bãit`ic y sg trctc kg uj
prfndgmc kg prugnc , pfr iucjtf, m`gjtrcs gd M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if ec `jk`ickf qug gd
prfigsckf, prfkuitf kg uj k`spcrf gj dc brgjtg kgd clrcv`ckf ec cicnckf ifj dc
v`kc kg gstg, gd ciusckf ec jglckf tcd s`tuci`ùj, sgócdcjkf qug dc pgrsfjc iuyf
sgukùj`mf gs gd —icrc”, dg crrgnctù gd crmc kg buglf y k`spcrù ifjtrc gd clrcv`ckf,
qu`tãjkfdg dc v`kc.
R@. RCDF^CI@ÙJ Q^FNC[F^@C
;.3. KGIDC^CI@FJGY [GY[@MFJ@CDGY
Kgidcrci`ùj kgd prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, qu`gj sgócdc qug
gd kíc 13 jfv`gmnrg
jfv`gmnrg kgd cóf >11<, c efrcs 11?
11?91
91 cprfx`mckcmg
cprfx`mckcmgjtg,
jtg, sg k`r`l`ù
k`r`l`ù cd
dulcr kgjfm`jckf —Dfs Mcjlu`tfs” ’ Dcrgkf, gj ifmpcóíc kg sus kfs cm`lfs
Icrc y Irgspf, ifj qu`gjgs sg pusf kg ciugrkf pcrc eurtcr icndgs kg duz8 sgócdc
qug gd Irgspf ddgvcnc ujc sflc y su rfpc, m`gjtrcs àd ddgvcnc su rfpc y uj crmc
icd`nrg 95 (rgvùdvgr), `jk`icjkf qug gd Irgspf sun`ù cd pfstg kg duz, Icrc gstcnc
gj dc gsqu`j
gsqu`jcc `zqu`grkc kg dc icsc kgd sgófr (fii`sf), m`gjt
m`gjtrcs
rcs àd gstcnc cd brgjtg
m`rcjkf ifmf su ifmpcógrf sg suníc, mfmgjtfs gj dfs iucdgs scdg gd clrcv`ckf
(fii`sf) y ifm`gjzc c k`siut`r ifj Irgspf, cjtg df iucd sgócdc àd ecig kfs
k`spcrfs cd c`rg kgskg gd brgjtg kg dc icsc, gstcjkf c ujc k`stcji`c kg 7 c 2
mgtrfs
mfmgjtfkg gj
kfjkg sg gjifjtrcnc
gd iucd, gd clrcv`ckf
Icrc dg k`ig —màtgdf, pgdgcjkf ifj su cm`lf
màtgdf”, ddglcjkf gd Irgspf,
ifrr`gjkf c su

Qãl`jc 7 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

pgrsfjc, crrgnctãjkfdg gd crmc y cd kcrsg vugdtc gsiuiec uj k`spcrf, gd iucd

`mpcitù gj gd clrcv`ckf, k`i`àjkfdg c Icrc —yc dc iclcstg”, pcrc duglf kcrsg c dc
bulc dfs 9,
gd crmc kgpfr dc zfjc
buglf, kg —Dfs Mcjlu`tfs”,
gjifjtrãjkfsg gj gsgkfjkg
dulcr,sfst`gjg
dfs trgs,qug gd Icrc
ecstc dcs dg kgvugdvg
7?11 kg dc
mcóc
mc ócjc.
jc. Cs
Cs`m`m`s
`smf
mf,, gd ciusc
ciusckfkf sg
sgóc
ócdc
dc qug
qug cd mfmfmgmgjt
jtf
f kg dfdfss eg
egie
iefs
fs sg
gjifjtrcnc ujc sgófrc, rgb`r`àjkfsg c dc gspfsc kgd fii`sf, dc iucd gstcnc igric
kg su pugrtc, qu`gj ddglù c dckf kg su mcr`kf, dc m`smc qug fnsgrvù dc mugrtg kg
su gspfsf. Qrgi`sc tcmn`àj qug dc pgrsfjc ifj gd cpgdct`vf —Icrc” gs dc pgrsfjc
`kgjt`b`ickc
`kgjt`b`ickc ifmf Mcrifs Ycmugd ^u`z Ieciùj y qug —Irgspf”,—Irgspf”, sgócdc qug gs su
ifjiuóckf,
ifjiuóc kf, kg qu`gj kgsifjf
kgsifjfigig su `kgjt
`kgjt`kck.
`kck. Qrgi`s
Qrgi`sc,
c, ckgmãs, qug gd kíc kg dfs
egiefs, —Icrc” gstcnc vgst`kf ifj uj sefrt, pfdf ndcjif y lfrrc ndcjic, àd sg
gjifjtrcnc vgst`kf ifj uj nuzf vgrkg, icscic czud y —Irgspf” ddgvcnc pugstf uj
pcjtcdùj y ujc iefmpc jglrc.
Kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mfj`cd kg dc pgrsfjc kg Mgry Y`dvc Fdcyc , qu`gj gs gspfsc
kg
kgdd fii`
fii`sf
jfv`gmnrgsf kgM`lu
M`>11<,
lugd
gd cC.efrcs
^f
^fkr
kríl
ílug
ugzz cprfx`mckcmgjtg,
11?91 ^f
^fkr
kríl
ílug
ugz,
z, qu`g
qu`gj
j sgrg
rgb`
b`r`
r`ù
ù qu
qug
g gdkgsicjscjkf
gjifjtrcnc kíc
kíc 13 kg
gj ifmpcóíc kgd fii`sf y sus e`ocs gj su `jmugndg un`ickf gj dc Mz. F, [grigr
Gtcpc kg dc zfjc kg Dcrgkf, sgócdcjkf qug cd gsiuiecr ujfs ru`kfs, su gspfsf
scdg c vgr qug suigkíc, scd`gjkf gddc kgtrãs, kfjkg fnsgrvù c uj suogtf trgpckf gj
gd pfstg, y su gspfsf dg ecndc y dg k`ig? ¶quà ecigs ceí6, rgspfjk`gjkf —qug jf
pcsc tíf”, mfmgjtfs gj dfs iucdgs ifm`gjzcj c pgdgcr y gddc `jlrgsc jugvcmgjtg
c su `jmugndg ifj dc b`jcd`kck kg scicr cdlÿj fnogtf pcrc kgbgjkgr c su mcr`kf,
s`gjkf qug cd vfdvgr cd brfjt`s kg su icsc yc jf gjifjtrù c su gspfsf pgdgcjkf
s`jf qug vg qug uj suogtf qug ddgvcnc ujc lfrrc ndcjic, qug sg gjifjtrcnc cd
brgjtg, ifm`gjzc c k`spcrcr, k`i`gjkf dc kgidcrcjtg —jf df mctgs”, rgi`n`gjkf su
gspfsf uj k`spcrf pfr pcrtg kgd suogtf gj mgji`ùj, kg qu`gj kc dcs s`lu`gjtgs
icrcitgríst`ics? suogtf ifj lfrrc ndcjic, ncof mãs f mgjfs uj 3.77 kg cdturc, pfdf
ndcjif, kgdlckf, c qu`gj rgb`grg jf dg pukf vgr gd rfstrf.
Kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mfj`cd kgd Mcyfr Fb`i`cd kg dc QJQ Icrdfs Mfrcdgs Lugvcrc,
qu`gj rgb`grg qug gd kíc 13 kg k`i`gmnrg kg >11<, sg prfigk`ù c dc `jtgrvgji`ùj kgd
efy prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, dc m`smc qug sg prfkuof gj su
`jmugndg, cs`m`smf prgi`sc qug sg rgcd`zù gd rgl`strf kfm`i`d`cr`f ifrrgspfjk`gjtg
jf gj
gjifj
ifjtr
trãj
ãjkfs
kfsgg fn
fnogt
ogtf
f kgd kg
kgd`d`tf
tf cdlu
cdlujf,
jf, s`j
s`j gm
gmnc
ncrlf
rlf,, sg dg prglu
prglujt
jtù
ù cd
prfigsckf rgspgitf kg dc un`ici`ùj kgd crmc kg buglf, eci`gjkf gjtrglc àstg kg
k`iec crmc, kgoãjkfsg ifjstcji`c gj citc.
Kgidcrci`ùj
Kgidcr ci`ùj tgst`m
tgst`mfj`cd
fj`cd kgd tgst`lf gj rgsgr
rgsgrvc
vc J± 113->11<, qu`gj mcj`b
mcj`bgstù
gstù
qug? (...) Jujic sg ec prgsgjtckf ifmf tgst`lf cjtgr`frmgjtg, y qug gd kíc 13 kg
jfv`gmnrg kg >11< v`f pfr ÿdt`mc vgz cd clrcv`ckf, qug gsg m`smf kíc sg
gjifjtrcnc kgsicjscjkf gj su icsc, i`riujstcji`cs gj qug gsiuieù qug gstcncj
pgdgcjkf
pgdgcjkf, gj dc icddg, qug
fnsgrvcjkf rczùj
su pfr dc iucd
vgi`jf scd`ù c ifj
sg pgdgcnc vgr ftrc
qu`àjgs sg gjifjtrcncj
pgrsfjc, csí tcmn`àj
Qãl`jc 2 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

rgifjfi`ù qug ftrf suogtf qug vgstíc lfrrc ndcjic kg tgz ndcjic kg uj 3.21 mgtrfs
cprfx`mckcmgjtg sg gjifjtrcnc cd brgjtg, c ujfs 15 mgtrfs cprfx`mckcmgjtg kgd
clrcv`ckf, cd m`smf
v`v`gjkc gsiuieù trgsqug rgifjfi`ù
k`spcrfs, yc cdifmf
scd`r Iftr`jc8
k`v`sc c s`gjkf quggj
su vgi`jf cjtgs kg scd`r
gd sugdf kg ysuc
t`rckf
su vgi`jc qug sg gjifjtrcnc ddfrcjkf y p`k`gjkf cyukc8 b`jcdmgjt b`jcdmgjtg,
g, rgb`grg qug gd
ifjfi
if jfi`k
`kf
f if
ifmf
mf IfIftrtr`j
`jc
c qug
qug gd m`sm
m`smf f sg gj gjiu
iugj
gjtr
trc
c prg
prgsg
sgjt
jtg
g gj dc scdc kg
cuk`gji`c vgst`kf ifj ujc icscic czud y prfigkg c sgócdcrdf.
Kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mfj`cd kgd tgst`lf gj rgsgrvc J± 11>->11<, qu`gj `jk`ic qug
kgidcrc mft`vckf pcrc fntgjgr oust`i`c, qug ifjfi`ù cd clrcv`ckf pfr ecngr s`kf
tgst`lf kg dc m`smc icddg kfjkg kfm`i`d`c, s`gjkf qug gd kíc 13 kg jfv`gmnrg kg
>11<, c dcs 11?91 efrcs sg gjifjtrcnc gj su kfm`i`d`f, k`v`scjkf cd clrcv`ckf qug
dg kgiíc c uj suogtf kg sgxf mcsiud`jf qug sg ncog kgd pfstg, dfs m`smfs qug
kgspuàs sg clcrrcrfj c lfdpgs, csí tcmn tcmn`àj,
`àj, fnsgrvù c uj efmnrg cd mgk`f kg dc
icddg, ifj zcpct`ddcs ndcjics, pfdf ndcjif y lfrrf ndcjif, jcr`zùj, ndcjif iecpfsf,
ifjfi`kf
scdc ifmf Iftr`jc,
kg cuk`gji`c vgst`kfmgji`fjcjkf
ifj ujc icscicqugczud
gd m`smf sg gjiugjtrc
y prfigkg c sgócdcrdf.prgsgjtg gj dc
Kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mfj`cd kgd tgst`lf Mcrifs Ycmugd ^u`z Iecifj (c) —Icrcs”,
qu`g
qu`gjj mc
mcj`
j`bg
bgst
stù
ù qu
qug
g jf t`gj
t`gjg
g j`
j`jl
jlÿj
ÿj lrckf
lrckf kg cm cm`s
`stc
tckk f gj
gjgm
gm`s `stc
tck
k if
ifj
j gd
ciusckf,, ckgmãs clrglc qug jujic ec s`kf v`jiud
ciusckf v`jiudckf
ckf kgd`jiugji
kgd`jiugji`cdmg
`cdmgjtg
jtg ifj gd
ciusckf, y qug gd kíc kg dfs egiefs, gstf gs 13 kg jfv`gmnrg kg >11< c dcs 11?91
efrcs, sg gjifjtrcnc gj su kfm`i`d`f, kgsicjscjkf gj ifmpcóíc kg sus e`ofs8
prgi`sù qug gd ciusckf v`vg c ujcs i`jif iuckrcs kg su kfm`i`d`f y qug df
cmgjczù kg mugrtg y qug iucjkf ciuk`ù cd ifmgkfr tfkcs dcs mckrgs ecndcncj
kg dc mugrtg kg uj pfd`iíc.
Kgidcr
Kgi dcrci`
ci`ùj
ùj kgd pgr
pgr`t
`tf
f màk
màk`if
`if Kcjtg
Kcjtg Bcu
Bcust`
st`jf
jf Lfr
Lfrk`d
k`ddf
df Bgr
Bgrjcj
jcjkgzkgz,, qu`gj
mcj`bgstù sgr màk`if i`ruocjf y qug trcncoc gj gd @jst`tutf kg Mgk`i`jc Dglcd kg
[ruo`ddf, dcnfrcjkf
sgjtgji`ckf, ecig ictfrig
rgifjfi`gjkf ecngr cófs gj k`ief
prcit`ickf dulcr8 rgb`grg
dc jgirfps`c jujic ecngr
kgd ickãvgr kg qugs`kf
gj
v`kc bug M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz, gd kíc 13 kg jfv`gmnrg kgd >11<,
ifjiduygjkf ifmf icusc kg dc mugrtg egmfrrcl`c clukc sgvgrc `jtrcircjgcjc
kgn`kf c dc dgs`ùj gjigbãd`ic y prfkui`kf pfr egr`kc pgjgtrckc gj dc icngzc pfr
prfygit`d kg crmc kg buglf, t`pf prfncndg mcjf cogjc, ckgmãs gjifjtrù gd fr`b`i`f
kg `jlrgsf kgd prfygit`d kg crmc kg buglf c j`vgd brfjtcd, s`j fr`b`i`f kg scd`kc,
gjifjtrcjkf kgjtrf kg dc icngzc gd prfygit`d kgd crmc kg buglf.
Kgid
Kg idcr
crci
ci`ù
`ùj
j kg
kgdd pgr`
pgr`tf
tf mà
màk`
k`if
if Gdmg
Gdmgrr Bgrj
Bgrjcjcjkf
kf EgEgrr
rrgr
grcc M`
M`rc
rcjk c, qu`gj
jkc,
mcj`bgstù sgr màk`if dgl`stc, rgb`grg jujic ecngr s`kf sgjtgji`ckf, ckgmãs `jk`iù
ecngr rgcd`zckf dc k`d`lgji`c kg jgirfps`c cd clrcv`ckf kg Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz
^fkrílugz
^fkríl ugz gd kíc 13 kg jfv`gm
jfv`gmnrg
nrg kgd >11<, rczùj pfr dc iucd rgcd`zù gd Qrftfifdf
kg Jgirfps`c, ifjiduygjkf ifmf icusc kg dc mugrtg egmfrrcl`c clukc sgvgrc
`jtrcircjgcjc pfr dgs`ùj gj dc icngzc egr`kc pgjgtrcjtg gj dc icngzc, gstf c rczùj

Qãl`jc < kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

kg dcs dgs`fjgs sgvgrcs qug prgsgjtcnc gd ickãvgr, e

ecddù
cddù uj prfygit`d gj gd dùnudf
fii`p`tcd kgrgief.
Kgidcrci`ùj
Kgidcr ci`ùj tgst`mf
tgst`mfj`cd
j`cd kg K`cjc Ociqugd`
Ociqugd`jg
jg Ieãvg
Ieãvgzz Mgrick
Mgrickf,f, qu`gj rgb`grg
sgr dc pcrgoc kgd prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs y sgócdc qug gd kíc 93
kg fitunrg c gsf kg dcs 0?91 kg dc jfieg, ddglù Mcrif cd`cs —Icrc” c su icsc,
s`dncjkf y sciãjkfdf c su iùjyulg y ifjvgrscrfj, y duglf rglrgsù, scd`ù kg jugvf
y su gspfsf ddcm
ddcmùù c su iuóckf k`i`àjkf
k`i`àjkfdg
dg —irgspf vcmfs”, ygjkf ifj k`rgii`ùj c
Dfs Mcjlu`tfs. Ygócdc qug su gspfsf `nc vgst`kf ifj uj nuzf ifdfr vgrkg, icscic
ifdfr czud, ujc lfrrc jglrc, zcpct`ddcs mcrrfjgs y gd ―icrc‐ gstcnc vgst`kf ifj ujc
ngrmukc, uj pfdf ndcjif, ujc lfrrc y ujcs zcpct`ddcs ndcjics, pfr ÿdt`mf, sgócdc
qug su iuóckf gstcnc vgst`kf ifj uj pcjtcdùj ogcj ifdfr vgrkg y ujc iefmpc
—Ofrlg Ieãvgz” ifdfr jglrf y ddgvcnc ujc icpuiec kg ifdfr jglrf. Cs`m`smf,
sfst
sfst`g
`gjg
jg qu
qug
g s`gj
s`gjkf
kf tr
trg`
g`jt
jtc
c pc
pcrc
rc dc ujc
ujc kg dc mcóc
mcócjc
jc kgkgdd kíc
kíc pr
pr`m
`mgr
grf
f kg
jfv`gmnrg, gsiuieù uj k`spcrf y sg dgvcjtù, ygjkf cd iucrtf kg su egrmcjc kg su
pcrgoc, ykgspgrtãjkfdc
mcr`kf y dg k`of —¶fyg
gd icrc y jf rglrgscj”, cjtg dfyiucd
tu mcr`kf6”, k`i`àjkfdg
gddc sg dgvcjtc, cnrg —sg ec `kf ifj
su pugrtc, tÿ
v`gjkf
gd cdnfrftf kg dc lgjtg y duglf sg rglrgsc y sg cifstù8 duglf sgócdc qug c dcs sg`s
kg dc mcócjc ddglù su iuóckf y mãs tcrkg ddglf su gspfsf, qu`gj sg ncóù y sg
bug. Cs`m`smf, sfst`gjg qug gd —Icrc”, c qu`gj df `kgjt`b`ic ifmf —Mcrif” dg sgócdf
df s`lu`gjt
s`lu`gjtg?
g? —Pf df eg mctckf, pfrqug gd mcr`iùj kg tu mcr`kf jf ec qugr`kf
mctcrdf, yf dg eg k`ief k`spãrcdg, mãtcdf y àd mg k`of qug jf8 yf eg ifrr`kf dg eg
qu`tckf
qu`tck f gd crmc y eg scd`kf y dg eg k`spcrckf,
k`spcrckf, ceí gj brgjtg pfrqug yf eg s`kf kgd
goàri`tf brcjift`rckfr”.
Kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mfj`cd kg Mcurc Ictcd`jc Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, qu`gj rgb`grg sgr dc
egrmcjc kgd prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, sgócdcjkf qug gd kíc kg
dfs egiefs sg gjifjtrcnc gj D`mc y duglf ujc egrmcjc kg gddc, dg k`ig qug gd
—Icrc” qugríc ecndcr ifj àd, y iucjkf gddc ec vgj`kf yc sg ec `kf c su icsc y gd
—icrc
—icrc”” dg k`ig —yf dg eg qu`tckf gd crmc c tu egrmcjf, tu egrmcjf ec s`kf uj
k`ig
eugvùj,
eugvù j, pfrq
pfrqug
ug àd jf t`gj
t`gjg
g ifrco
ifrcog
g pcrc
pcrc mctc
mctcr,
r, yf sí pf
pfrqu
rqug
g yf eg s`
s`kf
kf uj
brcjift`rckfr”.
;.>. Q^WGNC KFIWMGJ[CD
Citc kgd dgvcj
dgvcjtcm`g
tcm`gjtf ickãvgr,, rgcd`zckc pfr dc b`sicd dc kfitfrc N`ddcifrtc,
jtf kgd ickãvgr
gj kfjkg sg kgsir`n
kgsir`ng
g dc bfrmc y i`riujstcji
i`riujstcji`cs
`cs qug sg gjiugjt
gjiugjtrc rc gstc pgrsfjc cd
mfmgjtf kg rgcd`zcrsg dcs k`d`lgji`cs.
Citc kg jgirfps`c rgcd`zckc gj gd ickãvgr kgd clrcv`ckf M`lugd Cpfd`jcr
^fkríl
^fk rílugz
ugz ^fkrí
^fkrílug
lugz,
z, gj gd iuc
iucdd sg ifji
ifjiduy
duyg
g ifm
ifmff k`c
k`cljùs
ljùst`i
t`if
f egm
egmfrr
frrcl`
cl`c
c
sgvgrc clukc `jtrcircjgcjc kgn`kf c dcigrci`ùj kg gjiàbcdf y fr`l`jckf pfr egr`kc
pgjgtrcjtg gj icngzc pfr prfncndg mcjf cogjc.

^gifjfi`m`gjtf bftflrãb`if, rgcd`zckf ifj prgsgji`c b`sicd, kfjkg dc pgrsfjc kg

^fxc
^fxcjc
jc Ng
Ngct
ctr`
r`zz Kí
Kícz
cz Cv
Cvcdf
cdfs,
s, rg
rgifj
ifjfi
fig
g pf
pfrr dc
dcss icr
icrcit
citgrí
gríst
st`i
`ics
cs nr`
nr`jkc
jkckc
kcs,
s, cd
Qãl`jc 5 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

ciusckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs ifmf dc pgrsfjc qug dg e`zf gjtrglc kg
ujc mfie`dc gj iuyf `jtgr`fr
`jtgr`fr gstcnc uj crmc kg buglf, ifj dc iucd sg ecnríc kckf
mugrtg cd clrcv`ckf.
Citc kg rgifj
rgifjfi`m`
fi`m`gjtf
gjtf bftflrãb`if
bftflrãb`if,, rgcd`zckc ifj prgsgji`c b`sicd, kfjkg gd
tgst`lf kg iùk`lf kg rgsgrvc kg `kgjt`kck J¿ 113->11<, rgifjfig pdgjcmgjtg c dc
bftflrcbíc gj dc iucd gstã gd ciusckf.
Citc kg rgifjfi`m`gjtf bftflrãb`if, rgcd`zckc cd tgst`lf ifj iùk`lf kg rgsgrvc
J¿ 11>->11<, kfjkg rgifjfig cd ciusckf ifmf dc pgrsfjc qug sg gjifjtrcnc gj
gd dulcr kg dfs egiefs y qug vgstíc sfnrg su icngzc ujc lfrrc kg ifdfr ndcjic.
Citc kg rgigpi`ùj kg crmc kg buglf, gj dc iucd sg kgsir`ng qug, cd mfmgjtf kg
sgr `jtgrvgj`kf gd ciusckf, ecig gjtrglc kg uj rgvùdvgr ifj icd`nrg 95 icóùj ifrtf
ifj jÿmgrf kg sgr`g grrck`ickf.
Irfqu`s kg un`ici`ùj kg dfs pcrt`i`pcjtgs gj gd egief mctgr`c kg ciusci`ùj
b`sicd , gd iucd bug gj
dfs `jtgrv`j`gjtgs rgcd`zckf pfr gdkgd
gd mfmgjtf prfp`f
`díi`tfciusckf,
pgjcd. kfjkg sg sgócdc dc un`ici`ùj kg
Citc kg rgl`strf cuk`fv`sucd , gj dc iucd sg rgprgsgjtc dc icddg kfjkg sg ecj
prfkui`kf dfs egiefs y kfjkg sg kgoc ifjstcji`c qug gj dc efrc kg dc jfieg gstc
icddg gstã ncstcjtg `dum`jckc, puk`àjkfsg k`st`jlu`r idcrcmgjtg c dcs pgrsfjcs,
`jidusf sg pugkg k`st`jlu`r dcs k`stcji`cs kg uj cprfx`mckf kg ecstc fiegjtc
mgtrfs, pfr df qug ecy ujc v`s`n`d`kck ncstcjtg nugjc ifj dc duz gdàitr`ic.
Qrftfifdf kg cutfps`c, rgcd`zckf cd clrcv`ckf, gj dc iucd sg ifjiduyg ifmf
icusc
icu sc kg mugrmugrtgtg egmfrrc
egmfrrcl`c
l`c sgvgrc
sgvgrc `jtrcir
`jtrcircjgc
cjgcjc,
jc, dci
dcigrci
grci`ùj
`ùj gjigbã
gjigbãd`i
d`ic
c pfr
egr`kc pgjgtrcjtg gj dc icngzc pfr prfncndg mcjf cogjc.
K`itcmgj Qgr`i`cd kg Ncdíst`ic Bfrgjsg J¿ 2>;->11< , gj gd iucd sg ifjiduyg qug
cd sgr efmfdflckfs dfs icsqu`ddfs y prfygit`dgs mgk`cjtg k`spcrfs gxpgr`mgjtcdgs
ifj dc mugstrc kgd rgvùdvgr ifj sus s`m`dcrgs qug fnrcj gj gd crie`vf kg ncdíst`ic
bfrgjsg ifmf icsf pgjk`gjtg, sg fntuvf rgsudtckf pfs`t`vf ifmf gd prfygit`d
gxtrcíkf kgd ickãvgr kg clrcv`ckf.
K`itcmgj Qgr`i`cd J¿ 720->11< y su ifmpdgmgjtcr`f, gj dc iucd sg ifjiduyg
qug gd fii`sf prgsgjtcnc gj dc rgl`ùj kg dc icngzc ujc egr`kc kg gjtrckc kgd
iursf pgjgtrcjtg un`ickc gj dc díjgc mgk`c cjtgr`fr kg dc rgl`ùj brfjtcd qug gs
ifmpct`ndg c dfs fr`l`jckfs pfr prfygit`d kg crmc kg buglf icd`nrg 95 0mm ifj
ujc
uj c tr
trcyg
cygititfr
fr`c
`c br
brfj
fjtc
tcdd kg ck
ckgd
gdcjt
cjtgg eci
eci`c`c ctrãs
ctrãs,, kg cr
crr`
r`nc
nc cn
cnco
cof
f y kg dcdcrlc
rlc
k`stcji`c.
K`itcmgj Qgr`i`cd kg Ncdíst`ic Bfrgjsg J¿ 221 y su cmpd`ctfr`f , gj gd iucd sg
ifjiduyg qug ujc vgz cjcd`zckc dc mugstrc qug ifrrgspfjkíc cd rgvùdvgr, sg
vgr`b`iù qug k`iec crmc kg buglf sg gjifjtrcnc gj rgludcr gstckf kg ifjvgrsci`ùj
y jfrmcd buji`fjcm`gjtf.

Qãl`jc 0 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

K`itcmgj Qgr`i`cd kg ^gstfs kg K`spcrf kg Crmc kg Buglf, rgcd`zckf cd

ciusckf gj dc iucd t`gjg ifmf ifjidus`ùj qug k`f pfs`t`vf pcrc pdfmf, ncr`f y
cjt`mfj`f ifmpct`ndg ifj rgstf kg k`spcrf kg crmc kg buglf.
Ifp`c igrt`b`ickc kgd citc kg kgbuji`ùj, kgd fii`sf clrcv`ckf.

R. CJÃD@Y@Y KGD ICYF

Kg dc vcdfrci
vcdfrci`ùj
`ùj ifjoujtc kg dfs mgk`fs prfnctfr`fs,
prfnctfr`fs, gstg Ifdgl`ckf ec ddglck
ddglckf
fc
dc ifjidus`ùj qug sg gjiugjtrc sub`i`gjtgmgjtg cirgk`tckf qug gd ciusckf Ycjtfs
Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs ec ifmgt`kf gd kgd`tf ifjtrc dc v`kc, gd iugrpf y dc scduk ’
Efm`i`k`f Y`mpdg, gj clrcv`f kg M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz, prfkuitf
kg uj k`spcrf gj dc brgjtg ifj gd crmc kg mcric Ym`te \gssfj, icd`nrg 95 0mm,
kgn`gjkf
ec jglckfsgócdcrsg qug s` n`gj
su rgspfjscn`d`kck gjgddcprfigsckf,
ifm`s`ùj kgd kurcjtg
egief gd kgscrrfddf
`mputckf8 s`jkgd ou`i`f frcd
gmncrlf, gj
gd pdgj
pdgjcr
cr`f
`f sg ececjj citu
cituck
ckff y fr frcd
cd`z
`zck
ckf
f mg mgk`
k`fs
fs pr
prfn
fnct
ctfr
fr`f
`fss kg icrl
icrlf f qu
qug g
kgtgrm`jcj qug gd ciusckf gs rgspfjscndg kg dc ifm`s`ùj kgd `díi`tf pgjcd, gddf pfr
iucjtf, gstg m`smf ec cigptckf ecngrsg gjifjtrckf gj gd dulcr kg dfs egiefs, gd
kíc 13 kg jfv`gmnrg kg >11< c dcs 11?91 efrcs cprfx`mckcmgjtg, ckgmãs gx`stgj
sgjkcs kgidcrci`fjgs tgst`mfj`cdgs kftckcs kg b`cn`d`kck pfr su ifegrgji`c y
pgrs`
pgrs`st
stgji
gji`c
`c gj dc s` s`jk
jk`i
`ici
ci`ù
`ùj,
j, iuiuyc
yc sf
sfd`d`kgz
kgz kg su `j `jir
ir`m
`m`j`jci
ci`ù
`ùj
j pg pgrm
rm`t`tgj
gj
gstcndgigr uj jgxf kg icuscd`kck gjtrg gd rgsudtckf kfdfsf mugrtg y dc ifjkuitc
kgspdglckc pfr gd ciusckf.
Gs csí qug, kgd tgst`mfj`f kg Mgry Y`dvc Fdcyc, ifjv`v`gjtg kgd fii`sf M`lugd
Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz
^fk rílugz ^fkrílugz, qu`gj prgi`sù ifjtujkgjtgmgjtg qug gd kíc kg dfs df s
egiefs su gspfsf scd`ù cd brfjt`s kg su kfm`i`d`f, gddc scd`ù kgtrãs kg àd, mfmgjtfs
gj dfs iucdgs, cd vgr qug su gspfsf ifmgjzù c pgdcr ifj ftrc pgrsfjc, ifjfi`kc
ifmf —irgspf”, kgi`k`ù `jlrgscr c su `jmugndg ifj gd b`j kg nusicr uj fnogtf pcrc
cyukcr c su gspfsf, s`gj
s`gjkf
kf qug cd rglrgsc
rglrgscrr c dc gsigjc kgd kgd`tf, sg pgrictù qug
su gspfsf yc jf sg gjifjtrcnc pgdgcjkf ifj gd tcd Irgspf, s`jf qug brgjtg c àd sg
gjifjtrcnc uj suogtf qug gstcnc rgcd`zcjkf k`spcrfs, ujf kg dfs iucdgs `mpcitù
gj gd rfstrf kg su gspfsf M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz, sgócdcjkf qug gd
suogtf qug rgcd`zù dfs k`spcrfs pfrtcnc ujc lfrrc ndcjic y uj pfdf ndcjif y, s` n`gj
prgi`sc qug jf dg pukf vgr gd rfstrf, sgócdc ifmf icrcitgríst`ics
icrcitgríst`ics bís`ic
bís`ics?
s? gstcturc
3.77 m., kgdlckf, kctfs qug, pfr gd pr`ji`p`f kg `jmgk`ci`ùj, gstg ifdgl`ckf
cprgi`c qug sfj tcmn`àj icrcitgríst`ics kgd ciusckf qug df v`jiudcj k`rgitcmgjtg
ifmf cutfr mctg
mctgr`cd
r`cd kg dfs egiefs. Cs`m`smf
Cs`m`smf,, sg t`gjg dc kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mtgst`mfj`cd
fj`cd
kgd [gst`lf gj ^gsgrvc J± 113->11<, qu`gj ec sgócdckf qug gj gd kíc y efrc kg dc
bgiec gsiuieù
qu`àjgs qug gstcncj
sg gjifjtrcncj pgdgcjkf
pgdgcjkf, gj dc icddg,
fnsgrvcjkf qug rczùj pfr dc
su vgi`jf, iucd
gstf gs,scd`ù c vgr
gd fii`sf,

Qãl`jc 31 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

sg pgdgcjkf ifj ftrc pgrsfjc, cs`m`smf, rgifjfi`ù qug ftrf suogtf qug vgstíc
lfrrc ndcjic kg tgz ndcjic kg uj 3.21 mgtrfs cprfx`mckcmgjtg, sg gjifjtrcnc cd
brgjtg, c ujfs 15
ifmf Iftr`jc y s`mgtrfs
n`gj, cprfx`mckcmgjtg
gd m`smf jf dflrùkgd clrcv`ckf,
v`sucd`zcr cd m`smf
qu`gj bug dcqug rgifjfi`ù
pgrsfjc qug
gbgituù gd k`spcrf qug cicnù ifj dc v`kc kgd clrcv`ckf, tcmn`àj df gs qug ec
prgi`sckf
prgi`sc kf qug dc pgrsfjc qug pfrtcnc lfrrc ndcjic y pfdf ndcjif grc gd ciusckf,
gd qug, ifmf ec `jk`ickf dc tgst`lf Mgry Y`dvc Fdcyc, cs`m`smf, sg t`gjg qug, gj dc
cuk`gji`c kg ou`i`f frcd gd tgst`lf ec rgifjfi`kf cd `mputckf, ifjfi`kf pfr àd ifmf
—I
—Ift
ftr`
r`jc
jc”,
”, prg
prgi`
i`sc
scjkf
jkf ququgg gd m`
m`sm
smf f sg gj gjif
ifjt
jtrc
rcnc
nc pr prgsg
gsgjt
jtgg gj dc sc scdc
dc kg
cuk`gji`c
cuk`gj i`c vgst`kf ifj ujc icscic czud, prfigk`gjkf c sgócdc sgócdcrdf
rdf ifj gd kgkf. Qfr
ÿdt`mf, sg ec cituckf dc kgidcrci`ùj tgst`mfj`cd kgd [gst`lf J± 11>->11<, qu`gj ec
sgócdckf qug gd kíc y efrc kg dfs egiefs sg gjifjtrcnc gj su kfm`i`d`f, k`v`scjkf
cd clrcv`ckf qug dg kgiíc c uj suogtf kg sgxf mcsiud`jf qug sg ncog kgd pfstg, dfs
m`smfs qug kgspuàs sg clcrrcrfj c lfdpgs, csí tcmn`àj, fnsgrvù c uj efmnrg cd
mgk`f kg dc icddg, ifj zcpct`ddcs ndcjics, pfdf ndcjif y lfrrf ndcjif, jcr`zùj,
ndcjif iecpfsf, ifjfi`kf
ifjfi`kf ifmf Iftr`Iftr`jc,
jc, prgi`scjkf qug gd m`smf sg gjifjt gjifjtrcnc
rcnc
prgsgjtg gj dc scdc kg cuk`gji`c vgst`kf ifj ujc icscic czud, prfigk`gjkf c
sgócdcrdf ifj gd kgkf.
Cs`m`smf, dc rgspfjscn`d`kck kgd prfigs prfigsckfckf tcmn`àj sg gjiugjtrc ci cirgk`tckc
rgk`tckc ifj
dc pfsgs`ùj `díi`tc kgd crmc kg buglf ifj dc iucd sg k`f mugrtg cd efy clrcv`ckf, dc
iucd bug gjtrglckc pfr gstg m`smf, iucjkf bug `jtgrvgj`kf pfr pgrsfjcd pfd`i`cd gj
su kfm`i`d`f, gd kíc 13 kg k`i`gmnrg kg >11<, tcd ifmf ifjstc kgd Citc kg
^gigpi`ùj kg Crmc kg Buglf, gj dc iucd sg kgoc ifjstcji`c kg dc gjtrglc kg uj
rgvùdvgr ifj icd`nrg 95 icóùj ifrtf ifj jÿmgrf kg sgr`g grrck`ickf, crmc qug
pfstgr`frmgjtg bug efmfdflckc ifj gd prfygit`d gjifjtrckf gj gd iugrpf kgd
fiii`sf,
fi `sf, fn fntg
tgj`
j`àj
àjkf
kfsgsg gd K` K`it
itcm
cmgj
gj Qgr`Qgr`i`
i`cd
cd Nc
Ncdí
díst
st`i
`ic
c J¿ 720 20->
->11
11< < y su
ifmpd
ifm pdgm
gmgjt
gjtcr`
cr`f
f gj dc iu iucd
cd sg ififjid
jiduyuyg
g qu
qugg gd icickã
kãvgr
vgr kg M` M`lug
lugdd Cp
Cpfd
fd`j
`jcr
cr
^fkr`lugz ^fkr`lugz prgsgjtcnc gj dc rgl`ùj kg dc icngzc ujc egr`kc kg gjtrckc
kgd iursf pgjgtrcjtg un`ickc gj dc díjgc mgk`c cjtgr`fr kg dc rgl`ùj brfjtcd qug gs
ifmpct`ndg c dfs fr`l`jckfs pfr prfygit`d kg crmc kg buglf icd`nrg 95 0mm ifj
ujc trcygitfr`c brfjtcd kg ckgdcjtg eci`c ctrãs, kg crr`nc c cncof y kg dcrlc
k`stcji`c, y ifj gd K`itcmgj Qgr`i`cd kg Ncdíst`ic Bfrgjsg J¿ 2>;->11<, gj gd iucd
sg ifjiduyg qug cd sgr efmfdflckfs dfs icsqu`ddfs y prfygit`dgs qug mgk`cjtg
k`spcrfs gxpgr`mgjtcdgs ifj dc mugstrc kgd rgvùdvgr ifj sus s`m`dcrgs qug fnrcj
gj gd crie`vf kg ncdíst`ic bfrgjsg ifmf icsf pgjk`gjtg sg fntuvf rgsudtckf
pfs`t`vf ifmf gd prfygit`d gxtrcíkf kgd ickãvgr kg clrcv`ckf.
Kg ftrf dckf, sg t`gjg qug, s` n`gj gd `mputckf ec rgifjfi`kf su rgspfjscn`d`kck
pgjcd pfr gd kgd`tf kg tgjgji`c `dglcd kg crmc kg buglf, gstf Ifdgl`ckf, gj v`rtuk cd
pr`j
pr`ji`
i`p`
p`f
f kg jf cutf cutf`j
`jir`
ir`m`
m`jci
jci`ù
`ùj,
j, ififjs`
js`kgr
kgrcc if
ifjv
jvgj
gj`g
`gjt
jtg
g gsnf
gsnfzcr
zcr cdlu
cdlujfs
jfs
crlumgj
crlu mgjtfstfs qug ifr ifrrfnf
rfnfrgj
rgj dc kgi
kgidcr
dcrci`
ci`ùj
ùj kg rgsp
rgspfjs
fjscn`
cn`d`k
d`kck
ck kgd `mp`mputc
utckfkf
rgspgitf c k`ief
y kgd m`smf kgd`tfs.gstg
`mputckf, Csí,ÿdt`mf
sg t`gjg,
sg ifjbfrmg c dcs
gjifjtrcnc kgidcrci`fjgs
gj gd dulcr kfjkgkg dfs tgst`lfs
fiurr`grfj dfs
Qãl`jc 33 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

egiefs, kfjkg sg k`spcrù uj prfygit`d qug, ifj dcs rgspgit`vcs pgr`i`cs, sg

kgtgrm`jù qug ecníc scd`kc kgd crmc qug gd ciusckf tgjíc gj su pfkgr, cs`m`smf,
sg ec cirgk`tckf
gd crmc kg buglfqug gj dc `jtgrvgji`ùj
kg kfjkg qug
sg k`spcrù gd sg dg ecig
prfygit`d cd `mputckf,
gjifjtrckf gj gdgstc gjtrglc
iugrpf kgd
fii`sf, ecn`gjkf gstckf gj pfsgs`ùj kg su pgrsfjc, s`j ifjtcr ifj dc cutfr`zci`ùj
ifrrgspfjk`gjtg, gstcjkf gd crmc gj nugj gstckf kg buji`fjcm`gjtf ifjbfrmg sg
ec kgtgrm`jckf gj dc pgr`i`c ncdíst`ic, pfr df qug sg t`gjg dc pdgjc igrtgzc qug gd
ciusc
ci usckf
kf s` ifm
ifmgt
gt`ù
`ù gd kg
kgd`d`tf
tf kg tg
tgjg
jgji
ji`c`c `d`dgl
glcd
cd kg cr
crmc
mcs,
s, pf
pfrr df qu
qugg kg
kgng
ng
`mpfjàrsgdg dc pgjc ifrrgspfjk`gjtg.
Qfr ftrc pcrtg, sg cprgi`
cprgi`c
c qug dc kgbgjsc tàij`ic kgd prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgo
Cdgocjkrf
cjkrf
Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, c df dcrlf tfkf gd prfigsf ec jglckf dc pcrt`i`pci`ùj kg su
pctrfi`jckf gj dc mugrtg kgd clrcv`ckf fics`fjckc pfr prfygit`d kg crmc kg
bugl
buglf,
f, sust
sustgj
gjtc
tcjk
jkff su tgs`
tgs`ss cn
cnsf
sfdu
dutf
tfr`
r`c
c ifj
ifj kg
kgid
idcr
crci
ci`f
`fjg
jgss kg kg
kgsi
sicr
crlf
lf
ifjs`stgjtgs gj dc kgidcrci`ùj kg K`cjc Ociqugd`jg Ieãvgz Mgrickf, qu`gj rgb`grg
sgr dc
kíc 93pcrgoc kgd prfigsckf
kg fitunrg c gsf kgYcjtfs Cdgoc
Cdgocjkrf
dcs 0?91 kg jkrf Iftr`jc
dc jfieg, Bdfrgs,
ddglù Mcrifdc qug
cd`cssgócdc
—Icrc”qug gd
c su
icsc, s`dncjkf y sciãjkfdf c su gspfsf y ifjvgrscrfj, y duglf rglrgsù, scd`ù kg
jugvf y su gspfsf ddcmù c su iuóckf k`i`àjkfdg —irgspf vcmfs”, ygjkf ifj
k`rgii`ùj c dfs mcjlu`tfs, sgócdcjkf qug su gspfsf `nc vgst`kf ifj uj nuzf ifdfr
vgrkg, icscic ifdfr czud, ujc lfrrc jglrc, zcpct`ddcs mcrrfjgs, m`gjtrcs gd ―icrc‐
gstcnc vgst`kf ifj ujc ngrmukc, uj pfdf ndcjif, ujc lfrrc y ujcs zcpct`ddcs
ndcjics y pfr ÿdt`mf, sgócdc qug su iuóckf gstcnc vgst`kf ifj uj pcjtcdùj ogcj
ifdfr vgrkg y ujc iefmpc —Ofrlg Ieãvgz” ifdfr jglrf y ddgvcnc ujc icpuiec kg
ifdfr jglrf y ckgmãs sfst`gjg qug gd kíc 13 kg sgt`gmnrg gd —icrc” ifjiurr`ù c su
kfm`i`d`f c nusicr c su gspfsf, gd prfigsckf, y cd jf gjifjtrcrdf gstg dg mcj`bgstù
kg mcjgrc tgxtucd df s`lu`gjtg —Pf df eg mctckf, pfrqug gd mcr`iùj kg tu mcr`kf
jf ec qugr`kf mctcrdf, yf dg eg k`ief k`spãrcdg,
k`spãrcdg, mãtcd
mãtcdf f y àd mg k`of qug jf8 yf eg
ifrr`kf dg eg qu`tckf gd crmc y eg scd`kf y dg eg k`spcrckf, ceí gj brgjtg pfrqug yf
eg s`kf kgd goàri`tf brcjift`rckfr” y dc kgidcrci`ùj kg tgst`mfj`cd kg Mcurc Ictcd`jc
Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, qu`gj rgb`grg sgr dc egrmcjc kgd prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf
Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, qu`gj sgócdc qug pfstgr`frmgjtg c dfs egiefs, su pgrsfjc ec
ifjiurr`kf cd kfm`i`d`f kgd —Icrc”, qu`gj kg mcjgrc tgxtucd dg ec rgbgr`kf df
s`lu`gjtg? —yf dg eg qu`tckf gd crmc c tu egrmcjf, tu egrmcjf ec s`kf uj eugvùj,
pfrqug àd jf t`gjg ifrcog pcrc mctcr, yf sí pfrqug yf eg s`kf uj brcjift`rckfr”8
kgidcrci`fjgs qug c ir`tgr`f kg gstg Ifdgl`ckf jf rgsudtcj vgrfsím`dgs, pugstf qug
jf sg trctc kg tgst`lfs k`rgitfs kg dfs egiefs `mputckfs, ifmf dfs prgsgjtckfs
pfr gd M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if, s`jf kg tgst`lfs kg rgbgrgji`c qug `jk`icj qug gd —icrc”
dgs ec ifjbgsckf qug ec s`kf àd qu`gj ifmgt`ù gd kgd`tf kg efm`i`k`f s`mpdg, df
iucd, kgskg yc, dg rgstc gb`ici`c prfnctfr`c, pugs sfj tgst`lfs kg rgbgrgji`c, mãs
cuj iucjkf
iucjkf dcs kgikgidcrc
dcrcjtg
jtgss sfj bcm
bcm`d`
`d`crg
crgss k`rgit
k`rgitfs
fs kgd prf
prfigsc
igsckf,
kf, qu`
qu`gjg
gjgs,
s,
jcturcdmgjtg, pugkgj vgrsg tgjtckfs c rgcd`zcr bcdscs kgidcrci`fjgs qug tgjlcj

Qãl`jc 3> kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

ifmf fnogt`vf dc cnsfdui`ùj kgd prfigsckf, jf rgsudtcjkf irgíndg qug —gd icrcs”,
ifjfi`gjkf qug pfr dc ifm`s`ùj kg gstg kgd`tf pugkc sgr ifjkgjckf c pgjc
pr`vct`vc
qu`gj mctùkgcdd`ngrtck, dgs ecyc ifjbgsckf c dfs bcm`d`crgs kgd `mputckf qug bug àd
clrcv`ckf.
R@. KG DC IWCJ[@B@ICI@ÙJ KG DC QGJC
Ecn`àjkfsg kgtgrm`jckf dc rgspfjscn`d`kck pgjcd kgd prfigsckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf
Iftr`jc Bdfrgs, gj dc ifm`s`ùj kg dfs egiefs `mputckfs (Efm`i`k`f Y`mpdg y
[gjgji`c
[gjgji` c @dglcd kg Crmcs), ifrrgsp
ifrrgspfjkg
fjkg kgtgrm`jcr dc pgjc c `mpfjgrsg8 pcrc tcd
gbgi
gbgitf
tf,, kg
kgngng sg
sgóc
ócdc
dcrsg
rsg qug
qug dc lcrcj
lcrcjtí
tíc
c mc
mctg
tgr`
r`cd
cd gspgi
gspgiíb
íb`i
`ic
c kg
kgdd pr`
pr`ji
ji`p
`p`f
`f kg
dglcd`kck, gj mctgr`c scji`fjckfrc, `mp`kg qug sg pugkc ctr`nu`r dc ifm`s`ùj kg uj
kgd`tf s` àstg jf gstã prgv`cmgjtg kgtgrm`jckf gj dc dgy, y tcmn`àj prfeíng qug sg
pugkc cpd`icr ujc scji`ùj s` gstã tcmn`àj kgtgrmkgtgrm`jckc
`jckc pfr dc dgy. Gd Qr`ji`p`f kg
dglcd`
dglcd`kck
kck `mp`mpfjg
fjg trg
trgss gx`
gx`lgji
lgji`cs
`cs ifji
ifjiurrg
urrgjtg
jtgs?
s? dc gx`
gx`stg
stgji`
ji`c c kg ujc dgy (dg (dgxx
gxir`ptc), qug dc dgy sgc cjtgr`fr cd egief scji`fjckf (dgx prgv`c), y qug dc dgy
kgsir`nc uj dglcd`kck
pr`ji`p`f kg supugstf pgjcd
kg egief gstr`itcmgjtg
sg ifjb`lurc ifmfkgtgrm`jckf
uj pr`ji`p`f,(dgx
pgrfigrtc).
tcmn`àjGjtfjigs gd
ifmf uj
kgrgief
kgrg ief sunogt
sunogt`vf
`vf ifj
ifjst`
st`tui
tui`fj
`fjcd
cd kg tfk
tfkfs
fs dfs i`u
i`ukck
kckcjfs
cjfs,, yc qug prf prftgl
tglg
g gd
kgrgief kg jf sgr scji`fjckf pfr supugstfs jf prgv`stfs gj bfrmc idcrc g
`jgquívfic gj ujc jfrmc ourík`ic.
Cs`m`smf, sg kgng sgócdcr, qug dc kgtgrm`jci`ùj ouk`i`cd kg dc pgjc gs uj
prfigk`m`gjtf tàij`if vcdfrct`vf qug pgrm`tg qug gd ùrlcjf our`sk`ii`fjcd pugkc
kgi`k`r dc icd`kck, gxtgjs`ùj y mfkcd`kck kg gogiui`ùj kg dc pgjc qug ifrrgspfjkg
cpd`icr cd cutfr f pcrt`i`pg iudpcndg kg uj kgd`tf. Gj jugstrf frkgjcm`gjtf ourík`if
pgjcd, pcrc gbgitfs kg kgtgrm`jcr g `jk`v`kucd`zcr dc pgjc c `mpfjgr sg kgng tgjgr
gj iugjtc dfs k`vgrsfs ir`tgr`fs qug gstcndgigj dfs crtíiudfs ;7±, ;7±-C y ;2± kgd
Iùk`lf Qgjcd. Y`, gj gd pr`mgrf sg prgvàj ifmf i`riujstcji`cs c tfmcr gj iugjtc
cd kgtgrm`jcr
iudturc
iudtur dc pgjc,gs,
c y sus ifstumnr
ifstumnrgs, dcscsí
icrgji`cs
ifmf dfssfi`cdgs
`jtgrg qug
`jtgrgsgs
sgs kgeun`grc
dc víit` subr`kf
víit`mc,
mc, kg sugd bcm`
clgjtg,
d`c f su
bcm`d`c kg
dcs
dcs pg
pgrs
rsfj
fjcs
cs kg qu qug
g kg kgpg
pgjk
jkgj
gj.. Gj dfs
dfs ÿdt`
ÿdt`mf
mfss cr
crtí
tíiu
iudf
dfss mg
mgji
ji`f
`fjc
jckf
kfss sg
ifj
if jtgmpdcj dfs bci cittfr
frg
gs pcpcrrc dc mgk`i`ùj f lrckuci ci``ùj kg dc pgj gjc
c
(`jk`v`kucd`zci`ùj kg dc pgjc), c dfs qug sg rgiurrg ctgjk`gjkf c dc rgspfjscn`d`kck
y lrcvgkck kgd egief puj`ndg ifmgt`kf, gj iucjtf jf sgcj gspgiíb`icmgjtg
ifjst`tut`vfs kgd t`pf pgjcd f mfk`b`ictfr`cs kg dc rgspfjscn`d`kck.
Csí, ifmf pujtf kg pcrt`kc sg kgng `kgjt`b`icr gd gspci`f puj`t`vf kg
kgtgrm`jci`ùj, c pcrt`r kg dc pgjc prgv`stc pcrc gd kgd`tf kg Efm`i`k`f Y`mpdg, dc
m`smc qug sg gjiugjtrc prgsir`tc gj gd crtíiudf 312± kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd, qug
gstcndgig ifmf scji`ùj ujc pgjc pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck jf mgjfr kg sg`s j` mcyfr
kg vg`jtg cófs, gd iucd sg dg kgng k`v`k`r gj trgs pcrtgs (s`stgmc kg tgri`fs)? c)
[gri`f @jbgr`fr? Kg sg`s (12) cófs c k`gz
k`gz (31)
(31) cófs y fief (15
(15)) mgs
mgsgs
gs kg pgj
pgjcc
pr`vct`vc
pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck, n) [gri`f Mgk`f? Kg k`gz (31) cófs y fief (15) mgsgs y uj
d`ngrtck,
Qãl`jc 39 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

(13) kíc c qu`jig (37) cófs y iuctrf (1;) mgsgs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc kg dc d`ngrtck y
i) [gri`f Yupgr`fr? Kg qu`jig (37) cófs y iuctrf (1;) mgsgs y uj (13) kíc c
vg`jtg
sg kg
kgng(>1)ccófs
ng prfikg
prfigk pgjc
gkgr
gr c pr`vct`vc
kg
kgtg
tgrm
rm`j kg
cr dc
`jcr dc d`ngrtck.
ju
jugv
gvc Cefrc
c pg
pgjc n`gj,
jc nã
nãs`
s`icifmf
ic, s`lu`gjtg
, ctgj
ctgjk`
k`gjkf cpcsf
gjkf dcs
dcs
i`riujs
i`riujstcj
tcji`c
i`css ctg
ctgjuc
jucjtg
jtgs,
s, clr
clrcvcj
cvcjtgs
tgs,, ctg
ctgjucj
jucjtgs
tgs pr`
pr`v`d
v`dgl`
gl`ckc
ckcss y clr
clrcvc
cvcjtg
jtgss
iucd`b`ickcs, prgsgjtgs gj gd icsf gj ifjirgtf. Gs csí qug, gj gd prgsgjtg icsf, sg
ec pfk`kf vgr`b`icr tcj sfdf dc gx`stgji`c kg ujc i`riujstcji`c clrcvcjtg lgjàr`ic,
ifmf df gs, gd gmpdgcr gj dc gogiui`ùj kg dc ifjkuitc puj`ndg uj crmc kg buglf
(crtíiudf ;2±, `ji`sf >) d`tgrcd —m” kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd), rczùj pfr dc iucd dc pgjc
ifjirgtc
ifjirgt c sg kgng kgtgrm`
kgtgrm`jcr
jcr kgjtrf kgd tgri`f supgr`
supgr`fr,
fr, gstf gs, gjtrg qu`jig (37)
cófs y iuctrf (1;) mgsgs y uj (13) kíc c vg`jtg (>1) cófs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc kg dc
d`ngrtck.
Y`j gmncrlf, gj gd icsf gj ifjirgtf kgngrã kg gstcndgigrsg dc pgjc gj kfig
cófs
có fs kg pg
pgjc
jc pr
pr`vc
`vct`t`vc
vc kg d`d`ng
ngrt
rtck
ck,, gj dc mg
mgk`
k`kc
kc qu
qug
g kg ifjb
ifjbfrm
frm`k
`kck
ck c df
gstcndgi`kf gj gd `ji`sf 9) kgd crtíiudf 90<± kgd Iùk`lf Qrfigscd Qgjcd, gd Ougz
Qgjcd jf pfkrã cpd`icr pgjc mãs lrcvg qug dc rgqugr`kc pfr gd B`sicd. Csí, gj gd
icsf gd rgprgsgjtcjtg kgd M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if sfd`i`tf gj su rgqugr`m`gjtf ciusctfr`f
sg `mpfjlc c prfigsckf ifmf scji`ùj dc pgjc kg kfig cófs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc kg
d`ngrtck.
Kg ftrf dckf, ifj rgspgitf cd kgd`tf kg tgjgji`c `dglcd kg crmcs sg kgng `kgjt`b`icr
dc pgjc prgv`stc pcrc gd kgd`tf gj iugst`ùj, kgn`gjkf ecigr dc prgi`s`ùj qug gd
M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if ec gjiuckrckf gd m`smf gj gd crtíiudf ><0± kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd8
s`j gmncrlf, dc pfsgs`ùj `dgl`t`mc rgspgitf c dc pfsgs`ùj kgd crmc sg gjifjtrcríc
sunsum`kc gj gd crtíiudf ><0±-C kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd8 jf fnstcjtg, gstg Ifdgl`ckf
kgng citucr kg ifjbfrm`kck c df gstcndgi`kf gj gd `ji`sf 9) kgd crtíiudf 90<± kgd
Iùk`lf Qrfigscd Qgjcd, gj gd iucd sg prgi`sc qug gd Ougz Qgjcd jf pfkrã cpd`icr
pgjc mãs lrcvg qug dc rgqugr`kc pfr gd B`sicd. Csí, gj gd icsf gd rgprgsgjtcjtg kgd
M`j`stgr`f Qÿnd`if sfd`i`tf gj su rgqugr`m`gjtf ciusctfr`f sg `mpfjlc c prfigsckf
ifmf scji`ùj dc pgjc kg fief cófs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck. Kgn`gjkf
`kgjt`b`icr gj gstg icsf gd gspci`f puj`t`vf kg kgtgrm`jci`ùj, c pcrt`r kg dc pgjc
prgv`stc gj gd crtíiudf ><0± kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd, qug gstcndgig ifmf scji`ùj ujc
pgjc pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck jf mgjfr kg sg`s j` mcyfr kg qu`jig cófs, gd iucd sg dg
kgng k`v`k`r gj trgs pcrtgs (s`stgmc kg tgri`fs)? c) [gri`f @jbgr`fr? Kg sg`s (12)
cófs c jugvg (10) cófs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc
pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck, n) [gri`f Mgk`f? Kg jugvg
d`ngrtck,
(10) cófs
cófs y uj (13) kíc c kfig (3> (3>)) cófs kg pgj
pgjcc pr`vct
pr`vct`vc
`vc kg dc d`ngrtck y i)
d`ngrtck
[gri`f Yupgr`fr? Kg kfig (3>) cófs y uj (13) kíc c qu`jig (37) cófs kg pgjc
pr`vct`vc kg dc d`ngrtck. Cefrc n`gj, ifmf s`lu`gjtg pcsf sg kgng prfigkgr c
kgtgrm`jcr dc jugvc pgjc nãs`ic, ctgjk`gjkf c dcs i`riujstcji`cs ctgjucjtgs,
clrcvcjtgs, ctgjucjtgs pr`v`dgl`ckcs y clrcvcjtgs iucd`b`ickcs, prgsgjtgs gj gd
icsf gj ifjirgtf. Gs csí qug, gj gd prgsgjtg icsf, sg ec pfk`kf vgr`b`icr qug jf

Qãl`jc 3; kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

gx`stg
gx`stgj
j i`
i`ri
riujs
ujstc
tcji
ji`c
`css ct
ctgj
gjuc
ucjt
jtgs
gs j` clrcv
clrcvcjt
cjtgs
gs,, rc
rczù
zùjj pfr dc iuiucd
cd dc pgjc
pgjc
ifjirgtc sg kgng kgtgrm`jcr kgjtrf kgd tgri`f `jbgr`fr, gstf gs, gjtrg sg`s (12) cófs
c jugvg (10)
M`j`stgr`f cófs gj
Qÿnd`if kg su
pgjc pr`vct`vc kg ciusctfr`f,
rgqugr`m`gjtf d`ngrtck, kgn`gjkf
sfd`i`tc prgi`scr qugdcs`pgjc
sg cpd`qug n`gjkg
gd
fief
fief có
cófs
fs,, dc m`
m`sm
smcc jf ec s`kf s`kf kg
kgn`
n`kc
kcmg
mgjtjtg
g sust
sustgj
gjtc
tckc
kc,, kg
kgn`
n`gj
gjkfkf gstg
gstg
Ifdgl`ckf ckgiucr dc pgjc ctgjk`gjkf cd s`stgmc kg tgri`fs rgcd`zckf, kgn`àjkfsg
`mpfjgr cd prfigsckf pfr gd kgd`tf kg [gjgji`c @dglcd kg Crmcs, dc pgjc kg sg`s
cófs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc kg d`ngrtck.

R@@. YFN^G DC Q^G[GJY@ÙJ KGD CI[F^ I@R@D

<.3. Mcrif kfitr`jcr`f y ourík`if kg dc rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d
Dc kfkfit
itr`
r`jc
jc gspg
gspgi`
i`cd
cd`z
`zck
ckc
c ec sgóc
sgócdcdckf
kf qug
qug dfs
dfs gdgm
gdgmgj
gjtf
tfss ifmu
ifmujg
jgss kg dc
rgspfjscn`d`kc
rgspfjsc
mgofr n`d`kck
k`ief, k i`v`d
ujc (Ifjtrcit
(Ifjtrcitucd
ifjkuitc ucd y Gxtrci
Gxtrcifjtrcit
cjt`ourík`ic qugfjtrcitucd)
ucd) sfj?
ifjst`tuyg c) Dc qug
gd citucr cjt`our`i`kck ,f
ifjtrcv`gjg
ujc jfrmc prfe`n`t`vc gspgiíb`ic gj gd s`stgmc ourík`if, gj gd sgjt`kf kg cbgitcr dfs
vcdfrgs y pr`ji`p`fs sfnrg dfs iucdgs ec s`kf ifjstru`kf gd frkgjcm`gjtf ourík`if8
n) Gd kcóf, qug v`gjg c ifjst`tu`r dc dgs`ùj c tfkf kgrgief sunogt`vf, gj gd sgjt`kf
kgd `jtgràs
`jtgràs ourík`
ourík`icm
icmgjt
gjtg
g prft
prftgl`
gl`kf
kf kgd `jk`v
`jk`v`ku
`kuf
f gj su v`kc
v`kc kg rgdc
rgdci`ùj8 i) Dc
i`ùj8
rgdci`ùj kg icuscd`kck, qug ifjst`ifjst`tuyg
tuyg dc rgdci`ùj ourík`ic kg icusc gbgitf gjtrg
dc ifjkuitc típ`ic f ctíp`ic y gd kcóf prfkui`kf c dc víit`mc, k) Dfs bcitfrgs kg
ctr`nui`ùj, qug ifjst`tuygj cqugddfs gdgmgjtfs qug b`jcdmgjtg kgtgrm`jcj dc
gx`stgji`c kg dc rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d, ujc vgz qug sg ecj prgsgjtckf, kg uj
supugstf ifjirgtf kg uj ifjbd`itf sfi`cd, dfs rgqu`s`tfs cjtgs mgji`fjckfs sfj dc
iudpc, gd kfdf y gd r`gslf irgckf.
3

.>. ^gs
^gspgi
pgitf
<ifjst`tuyg ujtfgdgmgjtf
cd kcó
kcóf,
f,kgGYQ
GYQ@JF
@JF_C
_C GYQ@JF
GYQ@JF_C
dc rgspfjscn`d`kck _C ifjtrcitucd
i`v`d ec sgóc
sgócdc
dckf
kf qu
qugg gd m`
m`sm
smff
y gxtrcifjtrcitucd
s`gjkf dc ifjsgiugji`c f gbgitf jglct`vf qug kgr`vc kg dc dgs`ùj kg uj `jtgràs
prftgl`kf, yc sgc pfr gd `jiumpd`m`gjtf kg uj ifjtrctf f pfr uj citf `díi`tf,
puk`gjkf sgr?
c.3) Kcóf pctr`mfj`cd . - Gjtgjk`kf gstg ifmf dc dgs`ùj kg dfs kgrgiefs kg
jcturcdgzc gifjùm`ic, puk`gjkf idcs`b`icrsg c su vgz gj?

- Kcóf gmg
Kcóf gmgrlg jtg.. - Dc pà
rlgjtg pàrk`
rk`kc
kc sf
sfnrg
nrgv`
v`j`
j`gjt
gjtg
g gj gd pcpctrtr`m
`mfj
fj`f
`f kg
kgdd
cbgitckf ifmf ifjsgiugji`c kg dc ifjkuitc cjt`ourík`ic y/f.
- Duirf igscjtg. - Ifjst`tu`kf pfr gd jf `jirgmgjtf kgd pctr`mfj`f kgd
cbgitckf f dc lcjcji`c pctr`mfj`cd kgockc kg pgri`n`r pfr gd cbgitckf.

3
GYQ@JF_C GYQ@JF_C,
GYQ@JF_C, Oucj —Kgrgief kg rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d”, @@ Gk`i`ùj, Lcigtc Ourík`ic, D`mc, >119.

Qãl`jc 37 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

c.>) Kcóf gxtrc pctr`mfj`cd. - Dgs`ùj c dc pgrsfjc gj sí m`smc, ifmf uj vcdfr

gsp`r`tucd, ps`ifdùl`if g `jmctgr`cd.
- Kcóf Mfrcd. - Ifjs`stgjtg gj gd cjs`c, dc cjlust`c, dfs subr`m`gjtfs
bís`ifs y/f ps`ifdùl`ifs pckgi`kfs pfr gd cbgitckf.
- Kcóf pgrsfjcd. - ifjs`stg gj dc cbgitci`ùj kgd prfygitf kg v`kc.
<.9. Gj pr`ji`p`f, kgng tgjgrsg gj iugjtc qug dc rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d, ec s`kf
<.9.
k`v`k`kc gj rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d ifjtrcitucd, dc qug gs kgr`vckc kg uj ifjtrctf
igdgnrckf gjtrg dcs pcrtgs, kfjkg ujf kg dfs `jtgrv`j`gjtgs prfkuig kcóf pfr kfdf
f iudpc, cd jf iumpd`r ifj dc prgstci`ùj c su icrlf f pfr su iumpd`m`gjtf pcri`cd,
tcrkíf f kgbgitufsf y gj rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d gxtrcifjtrcitucd, gj dc qug gd kcóf
jf kgr`vc kg dc igdgnrci`ùj kg ifjtrctf cdlujf, s`jf kgd kgngr ourík`if kg jf kcócr
c ftrf. Gs idcrf qug, gj gd prgsgjtg
prgsgjtg icsf, dfs kcófs qug cdglc dc pcrtg i`v`d t`gjgj
su bugjtg gj dc ifjsumci`ùj kgd kgd`tf kg efm`i`k`f s`mpdg pfr pcrtg kgd `mputckf
Ycjt
Yc jtfs
fs CdgoCdgocjk
cjkrf
rf Ift
Iftr`
r`jc
jc Bd
Bdfr
frgs
gs gj cl clrcvrcv`f
`f kg M`M`lu
lugd
gd CpCpfd
fd`j
`jcr
cr ^f
^fkrí
krílug
lugzz
^fkrílugz, pfr df qug `jkukcndgmgjtg jfs gjifjtrcmfs cjtg uj supugstf kg
rgspfjscn`d`kck i`v`d kg t`pf gxtrcifjtrcitucd.
<.;
<.;. Qrgi`
Qrgi`sc sckf
kf gd mcrif
mcrif kfit
kfitr`j
r`jcr
cr`f
`f,, sg t`t`gj
gjgg qu
qug
g rg
rgsp
spgit
gitff c dc cjt`our`i`kck,
m`smc qug ifjst`tuyg cqugddc ifjkuitc qug ifjtrcv`gjg ujc jfrmc prfe`n`t`vc
gspg
gspgií
iíb`b`ic
ic gj gd s`st
s`stgm
gmcc ourí
ourík`
k`if
if,, sg t`gj
t`gjg g qu
qugg gj gd pr
prgs
gsgj
gjtg
tg icsf
icsf sg ec
cirgk`tckf
cirgk`tckf qug gd ciusckf Ycjtfs Cdgocjkrf Iftr`jc Bdfrgs ec icusckf dc mugrtg
kgd clrcv`c
clrcv`ckf kf M`l
M`lugd
ugd Cpfd`j
Cpfd`jcr
cr ^fkr
^fkrílu
ílugz
gz ^fkríl
^fkrílugz,
ugz, ifm
ifmf f ifj
ifjsgiu
sgiugji
gji`c,
`c, kg
gbgitucrdg uj k`spcrf ifj crmc kg buglf gj dc brgjtg, ecn`àjkfsg ifjb`lurckf gd
kgd`tf kg efm`i`k`f s`mpdg, gd iucd ifjst`tuyg ujc cii`ùj, típ`ic, cjt`ourík`ic y
iudpcndg ifjtgmpdckc gj gd crtíiudf 312± kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd y qug sg gjiugjtrc
icst`lckc ifj ujc pgjc pr`vct`vc kg dc d`ngrtck kg jf mgjfr kg sg`s kg mcyfr kg
vg`jtg cófs, jf ecn`àjkfsg kgmfstrckf gj gd kgscrrfddf kgd prgsgjtg prfigsf, qug
gd `mputckf
crtíiudf cituù
>1± kgd ncof cdlujc
Iùk`lf kg dcs
Qgjcd, pfr icuscdgs
df qug kg oust`b`ici`ùj
sg gjiugjtrc gstcndgi`kcs
cirgk`tckf gd gdgmgjtfgjkg
gd
dc cjt`our`i`kck.
<.7. Ifj rgdci` ùj cd kcóf mfrcd (gd iucd ec s`kf cdglckf pfr dc pcrtg i`v`d), sg
rgdci`ùj
gjt`gjkg ifmf dc dgs`ùj c dfs sgjt`m`gjtfs kg dc víit`mc y qug prfkuig uj lrcj
kfdfr f cbd`ii`ùj f subr`m`gjtf gj gstc >. Qfr su pcrtg, gd crtíiudf 0;± kgd Iùk`lf
Qrfig
Qrf igsc
scdd Qg
Qgjc
jcdd ifj
ifjs` s`kgr
kgrc
c cl
clrc
rcv`
v`ck
ckf f c tf
tfkf
kf cq
cqug
ugdd qu
qugg rgsud
rgsudtg
tg k`rg
k`rgit
itcm
cmgj
gjtg
tg
fbgjk`kf pfr gd kgd`tf f pgrouk`ickf pfr dcs ifjsgiugji`cs kgd m`smf y, gj dfs
kgd`d`tf
kg tfss iuy
iuyf f rg
rgsu
sudtdtckf
ckf sg
sgcc dc mugrt
mugrtg g kg
kgdd cl
clrc
rcv`c
v`ckf,
kf, t`t`gj
gjg
g tc
tcdd ifj
ifjk`k`i`
i`ùj
ùj df
dfss
gstcndgi`kfs gj gd frkgj suigsfr`f prgv`stf gj gd crtíiudf 532± kgd Iùk`lf I`v`d.

>
[CNFCKC IÙ^KFRC, D`zcrkf. —Gdgmgjtfs
—Gdgmgjtfs kg dc ^gspfjscn`d`kck I`v`d”. Lr`odgy, D`mc, >113. Qãl. 75.

Qãl`jc 32 kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

Qfr df qug, gj gd prgsgjtg icsf, dc iùjyulg supàrst`tg y dcs e`ocs kgd fii`sf,
rgsudtcj sgr dcs pgrsfjcs pgrouk`ickcs pfr dcs ifjsgiugji`cs kg su efm`i`k`f,
ifrrgspfjk`gjkf
ifjifrkcji`c ifj gd df rgscri`m`gjtf
gstcndgi`kf gjpfr gd kcóf305;±
gd crtíiudf mfrcdkgdfics`fjckf,
Iùk`lf I`v`ddfqug
qugsgócdc
t`gjg
qug gd kcóf mfrcd gs `jkgmj`zckf ifjs`kgrcjkf su mclj`tuk y gd mgjfsicnf
prfkui`kf c dc víit`mc f c su bcm`d`c. Kg ftrf dckf, tgj`gjkf gj iugjtc qug gj
cutfs jf fnrcj mgk`fs prfnctfr`fs tcdgs ifmf pgr`i`cs ps`ifdùl`ics, gjtrg ftrfs,
qug pugkcj kgtgrm`jcr dc mclj`tuk kgd kcóf mfrcd prfkui`kf c dcs clrcv`ckcs, sg
kgng rgcd`zcr
rgcd`zcr ujc vcdvcdfrci
frci`ùj
`ùj kg dc rgp
rgpcrci
crci`ùj
`ùj i`v`d,
i`v`d, ifj
ifjbfr
bfrmg
mg cd pr`pr`ji`p
ji`p`f
`f kg
gqu`kck rgifjfi`kf gj gd crtíiudf 399>± kgd Iùk`lf I`v`d qug prgsir`ng qug s` gd
rgscri`m`gjtf kgd kcóf jf puk`grc sgr prfnckf gj su mfjtf prgi`sf, kgngrã sgr
b`ockf
b`ockf pfr gd Ougz ifj vcd vcdfrci
frci`ùj
`ùj gqu`tc
gqu`tct`v
t`vc,
c, gj gstg
gstg sgj
sgjt`k
t`kf,
f, gstf
gstf ifdg
ifdgl`c
l`ckf
kf
ifjv`gjg gj iucjt`b`icr gd kcóf prfkui`kf c dcs víit`mcs (iùjyulg supàrst`tg y sus
trgss mgjfrg
trg mgjfrgss e`ocs
e`ocs),
), gj dc sumc kg Y/ 51, 51,111
111.11
.11 (Fie
(Fiegjt
gjtcc m`d sfdgs M`d ifj
11/311 Yfdgs),
Yfdgs), c rczùj kg Y/ >1,11
>1,111.11
1.11 ([rg`jt
([rg`jtcc M`d ifj 11/311 Yfdgs), ickc ujc,
dfs m`smfs qug kgngrãj sgr pclckfs pfr gd ciusckf.
<.2
<.2. ^g^gsp
spgi tf c dc rgdci`ùj kg icuscd`kck, gjtgjk`kc gstc ifmf dc rgdci`ùj
gitf
ourík`ic kg icusc gbgitf gjtrg dc ifjkuitc típ`ic f ctíp`ic y gd kcóf prfkui`kf c dc
víit`mc, kg dfs mgk`fs prfnctfr`fs cjtgs gslr`m`kfs, sg cprgi`c qug gj gd prgsgjtg
icsf s` sg ifjb`lurc dc i`tckc rgdci`ùj, gddf pfr iucjtf dfs kcófs sgócdckfs gj gd
ciãp`tg cjtgr`fr, jf sg eun`grcj prfkui`kf s` gd ciusckf jf eun`grc prfigk`kf c
cicncr ifj dc v`kc kgd clrcv`ckf M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz, s`gjkf pfr
gddf rgspfjscndg kg dfs kcófs qug sfj cmpcrckfs gj dc prgsgjtg sgjtgji`c.
<.<. Qfr ÿdt`mf, gj iucjtf gd bcitfr kg ctr`nui`ùj , sg kgtgrm`jc qug dc ifjkuitc
cjt`ourík`i
cjt`o urík`ic
c rgcd`z ckc pfr gd `mputckf ec s`kf rgcd`zckc ifj kfdf, gddf pfr iucjtf,
rgcd`zckc
ec ut`d`zckf uj crmc kg buglf, `jstrumgjtf qug t`gjg dc icpci`kck kg mctcr c ftrc
pgrsf
pg rsfjc,
jc, cs
cs`m
`m`s
`smf
mf,, ec k`k`sp
spcrc
crckf
kf kg mc
mcjgr
jgrcc k`rg
k`rgit
itc
c c dc br brgj
gjtg
tg kgd
kgd fii`
fii`sf
sf,,
kgmfstrcjkf csí su idcrc `jtgji`ùj kg cicncr ifj dc v`kc kgd clrcv`ckf.
R@@@. KGI@Y@ÙJ
Qfr tcdgs ifjs`kgrci`fjgs, gd Ifdgl`f Qgjcd kg [ruo`ddf, pfr dc cutfr`kck qug dg
ifjb`grg dc Ifjst`tui`ùj Qfdít`ic Qgrÿ, cprgi`cjkf dfs egiefs y dcs prugncs ifj gd
ir`tgr`f kg ifji`gji`c qug dc dgy cutfr`zc y ckm`j`strcjkf oust`i`c c jfmnrg kg dc
Jci`ùj, BCDDC?
3. IFJKGJC^ c k kf
fj YCJ
YCJ[FY[FY CDG
CDGOCJ
OCJK^F
K^F IF[IF[^@J
^@JC
C BDF ^GY ifmf
BDF^GY
cutfr kgd kgd`tf ifjtrc dc v`kc, gd iugrpf y dc scduk ’ Efm`i`k`f Y`mpdg gj
clrcv`f
clrcv`f kg M`lugd Cpfd`jcr ^fkrílu
^fkrílugz
gz ^fkrílugz y, ifmf tcd, sg dg `mpfjg
KFIG (3>) cófs kg pgjc pr`vct`vc kg dc d`ngrtck, qug gmpgzcrãj c sgr
ifmputckfs kgskg dc bgiec kg su kgtgji`ùj8

Qãl`jc 3< kg 35
 IF^[G YWQG^@F^ KG OWY[@I@C KG DC D@NG^[CK
OW_LCKF QGJCD IFDGL@CKF KG [^WO@DDF

>. IFJKGJC^ c k kf
fj YCJ
YCJ[FY
[FY CDG
CDGOCJ
OCJK^F
K^F IF[
IF[^@J
^@JCC BDF ^GY ifmf
BDF^GY
cutfr kgd kgd`tf ifjtrc dc sglur`kck pÿnd`ic ’ [gjgji`c @dglcd kg Crmc kg
gj clrcv`f kgd Gstckf y, ifmf tcd, sg dg `mpfjg YG@Y (12) cófs kg
Buglfpr`vct`vc
pgjc kg dc d`ngrtck, qug gmpgzcrãj c sgr ifmputckfs kgskg dc
bgiec kg su kgtgji`ùj8
9. B@OC^ c bcvfr kg kfóc Mgry Y`dvc Fdcyc Rkc. Kg ^fkrílugz y kg dcs trgs
mgjfrgss e`ocs qug prfirgù ifj kfj M`lugd Cpfd`
mgjfrg Cpfd`jcr
jcr ^fkrílugz ^fkrílugz,
ujc rgpcrci`ùj i`v`d gj dc sumc kg Y/ 51,111.11 (fvgjtc M`d ifj 11/311
Yfdgs), c rczùj kg Y/ >1,111.11 (Rg`jtg M`d ifj 11/311 Yfdgs), ickc ujc,
dfs m`smfs qug kgngrãj sgr pclckfs pfr gd ciusckf.
;. F^KGJC^ qug gd sgjtgji`ckf sgc sfmgt`kfs c trctcm`gjtf tgrcpàut`if, tcd
ifmf df k`spfjg gd crtíiudf 3<5 C kgd Iùk`lf Qgjcd
7. MCJKC^ qug, ifjsgjt`kc f gogiutfr`ckc qug sgc dc prgsgjtg sgjtgji`c, sg
gxp`
gxp`kc
kcj j if
ifp`
p`cs
cs kgkgdd tg
tgst
st`m
`mfj`
fj`f
f kg if
ifjk
jkgjc
gjc,, sg `j
`jsi
sir`
r`nc
nc gj gd ^g
^gl`
l`st
strf
rf
Igjtrcd kg Ifjkgjcs g @jst`tutf Jci`fjcd Qgj`tgji`cr`f, crieívgsg gj bfrmc
kgb`j`t`vc8 Jft`b`iãjkfsg y Fb`i`ãjkfsg. ’
MWÓF_ RCDGJ_WGDC
QGÓC IECBDFSWG
F^[@_ D@NG^C[F
QCJ[C ^W@_

Qãl`jc 35 kg 35