RESEARCH “FUNDAMENTAL OF MARTIAL ARTS”

1. AIKIDO (Shinjitai: Kyūjitai, aikidō, Japanese pronunciation: [aikiꜜdoː]) is a modern Japanese martial
art that is split into many different styles, including Iwama Ryu, Iwama Shin Shin Aiki Shuren Kai,
Shodokan Aikido, Yoshinkan, Renshinkai, Aikikai and Ki Aikido. Aikido is now practiced in around 140
countries. It was originally developed by Morihei Ueshiba, as a synthesis of his martial studies,
philosophy and religious beliefs.
2. Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu originally called Daitō-ryū Jujutsu ( 大 東 流 柔 術 , Daitō-ryū Jūjutsu), is
a Japanese martial art that first became widely known in the early 20th century under
the headmastership of Takeda Sōkaku.
3. BAJUTSU is a Japanese form of military equestrianism.
Although its origins are closely related to those of mounted archery (yabusame), bajutsu is considered a
distinct and separate martial art, and there are a number of traditional schools, such as the Ogasawara,
Otsubo, and Hachijo
4. BANDO is a defensive unarmed martial art from Myanmar. Bando is sometimes mistakenly used as a
generic word for all Burmese martial arts, but it is only one martial art; Burmese fighting systems
collectively are referred to as thaing.
5. BARTITSU is an eclectic martial art and self-defence method originally developed in England in 1898–
1902, combining elements of boxing, jujitsu, cane fighting and French kickboxing (savate). In 1903, it
was immortalised (as "baritsu") by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, author of the Sherlock Holmes mystery
stories.[1] Dormant throughout most of the 20th century, Bartitsu has experienced a revival since 2002.
6. BOKA is an ancient battlefield martial art used by the ancient Khmer military. It is one of the oldest
existing fighting systems originating from Cambodia.
Bokator is characterized by hand to hand combat along with heavy use of weapons. Bokator uses a
diverse array of elbow and knee strikes, shin kicks, submissions and ground fighting. Some of the
weapons used in bokator include the bamboo staff, short sticks, sword and lotus stick(20 cm long
wooden weapon)
7. BUJUTSU martial arts of the samurai
Bujutsu is an umbrella term that covers all of the traditional Japanese martial arts such as Kenjutsu,
SoJutsu, JoJutsu and so on and was originally the sole preserve of the Samurai though nowadays
Bujutsu techniques are practiced by many people around the world.
8. FENSING is a combat sport that features sword fighting. The three disciplines of modern fencing are
the foil, the épée, and the sabre (also saber); each discipline uses a different kind of blade, which shares
the same name, and employs its own rules. Most competitive fencers specialise in one discipline. The
modern sport gained prominence near the end of the 19th century and is based on the traditional skill set
of swordsmanship. The Italian school altered the historical European martial art of classical fencing, and
the French school later refined that system. Scoring points in a fencing competition is done by making
contact with an opponent.
9. GATKA is a form of martial art associated primarily with the Sikhs of the Punjab and other related
ethnic groups, such as Hindkowans. It is a style of stick-fighting, with wooden sticks intended to
simulate swords. The Punjabi name, gatka, refers to the wooden stick used and this term might have
originated as a diminutive of a Sanskrit word, gada, meaning "mace"
10. HAPKIDO also spelled hap ki do or hapki-do; from Korean 합 기 도 hapgido [hap̚ .ki.do]) is
a hybrid Korean martial art. It is a form of self-defense that employs joint
locks, grappling, throwing techniques, kicks, punches, and other striking attacks. It also teaches the use
of traditional weapons, including knife, sword, rope, nunchaku (ssang juhl bong), cane (ji pang ee), short
stick (dan bong), and middle-length staff (joong bong), gun (analogous to the Japanese jō),
and bō (Japanese), which vary in emphasis depending on the particular tradition examined.
11. HOJOJUTSU is the traditional Japanese martial art of restraining a person using cord
or rope (called Nawa ("Rope") in Japanese), as a precursor to modern-day handcuffs. Encompassing
many different materials, techniques and methods from many different schools, Hojōjutsu is a
quintessentially Japanese art that is a unique product of Japanese history and culture.
12. JUJUTSU also known as jiu-jitsu and ju-jitsu, is a family of Japanese martial arts and a system of
close combat (unarmed or with a minor weapon) that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner to
kill or subdue one or more weaponless or armed and armored opponents. Jiu-jitsu dates back to the
1530s and was coined by Hisamori Tenenouchi when he officially established the first jiu-jitsu school in
Japan. This form of martial arts uses few or no weapons at all and includes strikes, throws, holds, and
paralyzing attacks against the enemy.
13. JUDO 'gentle way') is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the
most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally. Judo was created in 1882 by Kanō
Jigorō as an eclectic martial art, distinguishing itself from its predecessors (primarily Tenjin Shinyo-
ryu jujutsu and Kitō-ryū jujutsu) due to an emphasis on "randori" lit. 'free sparring') instead of "kata"
(pre-arranged forms) alongside its removal of striking and weapon training elements. Judo rose to
prominence for its dominance over established jujutsu schools in tournaments hosted by the Tokyo
Metropolitan Police Department , Keishicho Bujutsu Taikai), resulting in its adoption as the department's
primary martial art. A judo practitioner is called a "judoka", jūdōka, lit. 'judo performer'), and the judo
uniform is called "judogi" , jūdōgi, lit. 'judo attire').
14. JUJUTSU also known as jiu-jitsu and ju-jitsu, is a family of Japanese martial arts and a system of
close combat (unarmed or with a minor weapon) that can be used in a defensive or offensive manner to
kill or subdue one or more weaponless or armed and armored opponents. Jiu-jitsu dates back to the
1530s and was coined by Hisamori Tenenouchi when he officially established the first jiu-jitsu school in
Japan. This form of martial arts uses few or no weapons at all and includes strikes, throws, holds, and
paralyzing attacks against the enemy.
15. KARATE also karate-do (Karate-dō), is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Kingdom. It developed
from the indigenous Ryukyuan martial arts (called te "hand"; tii in Okinawan) under the influence
of Chinese martial arts, particularly Fujian White Crane. Karate is now predominantly a striking art
using punching, kicking, knee strikes, elbow strikes, and open-hand techniques such as knife-hands,
spear-hands, and palm-heel strikes. Historically, and in some modern styles, grappling, throws, joint
locks, restraints, and vital-point strikes are also taught. A karate practitioner is called a karate-ka
16. KENDO Kendō, lit. 'sword way', 'sword path' or 'way of the sword') is a modern Japanese martial art,
descended from kenjutsu (one of the old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo
swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu). Today, it is widely practiced within Japan and has
spread to many other nations across the world.
17. KICK BOXING is a full-contact combat sport and a form of boxing based on punching and kicking.
The fight takes place in a boxing ring, normally with boxing gloves, mouth guards, shorts, and bare feet
to favor the use of kicks. Kickboxing is practiced for self-defense, general fitness, or
for competition. Some styles of kickboxing include: Karate, Muay Thai, Japanese
kickboxing, Lethwei, Sanda, and Savate.
18. KUNG FU refers to the Chinese martial arts also called wushu and quanfa. In China, it refers to any
study, learning, or practice that requires patience, energy, and time to complete. In its original meaning,
kung fu can refer to any discipline or skill achieved through hard work and practice, not
necessarily martial arts (for example, the discipline of tea making is called the gongfu tea ceremony).
The literal equivalent of "Chinese martial art" in Mandarin would be zhōngguó wǔshù.
There are many forms of kung fu, such as Shaolin kung fu, Wing Chun, and tai chi, and they are
practiced all over the world.
19. MILITARY MARTIAL ARTS Combatives is the term used to describe the hand-to-hand combat
systems primarily used by members of the military, law enforcement, or other groups such as security
personnel or correctional officers. Combatives are based in martial arts but are not themselves distinct
disciplines.
The US Modern Army Combatives Program was adopted as the basis for the US Air Force Combatives
Program in January 2008. Combatives training has also been provided outside of the United States
military, for example at Kansas State University which provided a training programme for two and half
years before closing it in 2010.
20. MIXED MARTIAL ARTS (MMA) is a full-contact combat sport based
on striking, grappling and ground fighting, incorporating techniques from various combat sports from
around the world. The first documented use of the term mixed martial arts was in a review of UFC 1 by
television critic Howard Rosenberg in 1993.
21. MUAY TAI sometimes referred to as Thai boxing, is a combat sport that uses stand-up striking along
with various clinching techniques. This discipline is known as the "Art of eight limbs", as it is
characterised by the combined use of fists, elbows, knees and shins. Muay Thai became widespread
internationally in the late 20th to 21st century, when Westernised practitioners from Thailand began
competing in kickboxing and mixed-rules matches as well as matches under Muay Thai rules around the
world. The professional league is governed by The Professional Boxing Association of Thailand (P.A.T),
sanctioned by The Sports Authority of Thailand (S.A.T.).
22. NINJUTSU sometimes used interchangeably with the modern term ninpō, is the martial
art strategy and tactics of unconventional warfare, guerrilla warfare and espionage purportedly practised
by the ninja. Ninjutsu was a separate discipline in some traditional Japanese schools, which integrated
study of more conventional martial arts (taijutsu) along
with shurikenjutsu, kenjutsu, sōjutsu, bōjutsu and others.
23. PANANTUKAN Suntukan is the fist-related striking component of Filipino martial arts. In the
central Philippine island region of Visayas, it is known as Pangamot or Pakamot and Sumbagay. It is
also known as Mano-mano and often referred to in Western martial arts circles of Inosanto lineage
as Panantukan. Although it is also called Filipino Boxing, this article pertains to the Filipino martial
art and should not be confused with the Western sport of boxing as practiced in the Philippines.
24. SHAOLIN KUNF FU also called Shaolin Wushu (Shǎolín wǔshù), or Shaolin quan (Shàolínquán), is
one of the oldest, largest, and most famous styles of wushu, or kung fu of Chan Buddhism. It
combines Chan philosophy and martial arts and was developed in the Shaolin Temple in Henan
province, Greater China during its 1500-year history. Popular sayings in Chinese folklore related to this
practice include "All martial arts under heaven originated from Shaolin" and "Shaolin kung fu is the best
under heaven," indicating the influence of Shaolin kung fu among martial arts. The name Shaolin is also
used as a brand for the so-called external styles of kung fu. Many styles in southern and northern China
use the name Shaolin.
25. SIKARAN is a Filipino Martial Art that involves hand and mostly foot fighting. As Sikaran is a general
term for kicking which is also used as the name of the kicking aspects of other Filipino Martial arts, this
article discusses the distinct art which is specifically practiced in the Rizal province that focuses almost
exclusively in kicking.
Sikaran comes from the root word sikad which means kick in Tagalog, Capampangan (e.g. sikaran
daka - "I'm going to kick you"), as well as Cebuano (e.g. "sikaran tika").
26. SOJUTSU meaning "art of the spear", is the Japanese martial art of fighting with a Japanese
spear ( yari).
Although the spear had a profound role in early Japanese mythology, where the islands of Japan
themselves were said to be created by salt water dripping from the tip of the spear Ame-no-Nuhoko
(Heavenly jeweled spear), as a weapon the first spear prototypes were brought from mainland Asia.
 These early versions were not seen as suitable by the Japanese, who later redesigned them once
technology permitted.
27. SUMO is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a rikishi (wrestler) attempts to force his
opponent out of a circular ring (dohyō) or into touching the ground with any body part other than the
soles of his feet (usually by throwing, shoving or pushing him down).
Sumo originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally and where it is
considered the national sport. It is considered a gendai budō, which refers to modern Japanese martial
arts, but the sport has a history spanning many centuries. Many ancient traditions have been preserved in
sumo, and even today the sport includes many ritual elements, such as the use of salt purification,
from Shinto.
28. TAEKWONDO also spelled tae kwon do or taekwon-do, is a Korean martial art involving punching
and kicking techniques. The literal translation for taekwondo is "kicking", "punching", and "the art or
way of". It sometimes involves the use of weapons.
Taekwondo practitioners wear a uniform, known as a dobok. It is a combat sport and was developed
during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such
as karate, Chinese martial arts, and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as taekkyon, subak,
and gwonbeop.
29. WRESTLING is a martial art and combat sport that involves grappling with an opponent and striving to
obtain a position of advantage through different throws or techniques, within a given ruleset. Wrestling
involves different grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint
locks, pins, and other grappling holds. Many different wrestling techniques have been incorporated
into martial arts, combat sports, and military systems. Wrestling can either be genuine competition or
athletic theater (see professional wrestling).
Wrestling comes in different competitive forms such as freestyle, Greco-Roman, judo, sambo, folkstyle,
catch, shoot, luta livre, submission, sumo, pehlwani, shuai jiao, and others. Wrestling first appeared in
the ancient Olympic Games as an event during the 18th Olympiad in 708 BC.[2] There are a wide range
of styles with varying rules, with both traditional historic and modern styles. The term wrestling is
attested in late Old English, as wræstlunge (glossing palestram).
30. YAW-YAN also called Sayaw ng Kamatayan (English: Dance of Death), is a Filipino martial
art developed by Napoleon A. Fernandez and based on older Filipino martial arts. Since its inception in
the 1970s, it has dominated the kickboxing scene in the Philippines and has proven very effective
against other stand-up fighting arts.
Yaw-Yan closely resembles Muay Thai, but differs in the hip-torquing motion as well as the downward-
cutting nature of its kicks, and the emphasis on delivering attacks from long range (while Muay Thai
focuses more on clinching).
Yaw-yan practitioners participate in various Filipino mixed-martial arts tournaments such as
the Universal Reality Combat Championship[4] and Fearless Fighting.