BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INOCULUM OF DIPLODIA SERIATA IN

PRUNING DEBRIS OF VITIS VINIFERA IN CHILEAN ORCHARDS.

E. DONOSO1, L. ROMERO1, W. HETTICH1, D. BASCUÑAN1, C. GARCIA1, J.FIGARI1.
1 Bio Insumos Nativa SPA, Pc Antilhue Lote 4b2, Maule, Chile. E-mail: edonoso@bionativa.cl

INTRODUCTION
A big challenge that the wood diseases, is the size and long persistence of the inoculum, also in the pruning debris, as dead
wood in the orchards, this inoculum in the form, of pycnidium embedded in the plant tissue (Picture 1), produce constantly
conidia (Picture 2), that spread the disease, been this fungus structures resistant to chemical control, and logistically complex of
management.

New strategies based on the application of biocontrol agents, as Trichoderma and another fungus, had the ability to parasite
melanized structures, and can work in dead plant tissue, for long period of time. For this, the aim of this work was assessing the
effect of the spray, of a commercial formulation of biological control agents on the size of the population of viable pycnidium y
grape pruning debris.
METHODOLOGY
A field trial was carried out, where applications of the commercial formulation of Trichoderma spp. and Bionectria ochreoleca,
Mamull® (Bio Insumos Nativa SPA, Chile), were carried out, on pruning remains of Cabernet Sauvignon vines artificially inoculated
with Diplodia seriata, and incubated to pycnidium development. Selected cane samples (N = 30), were observed under a
magnifying glass, determining pycnidia number per cm2, marking and coding 5 sectors of 1 x 3 cm. Later these samples were
placed in the field, where they were sprayed with Mamull, 100 gr hL-1 by an herbicide bar 300 L ha-1. At 30 and 360 days,
measurements of the level of parasitism of the pycnidia and viability of conidiarelease were taken, by addition of sterile water.

RESULTS
Parasited
The biological treatmet showed a significant
pycnidium Viable
reduction (P< 0.05, LSD) in the of viable
% conidia/cm2
pycnidia popultion, in figure 1a to 1, which
increased from 25.3% at 30 days to 72.3% at
Initial
180 days, also showing a significantly higher
Pycnidium/
level of parasitism (P<0.01 LSD) than the
Treatments cm2 0 DAS 30 DAS 180 DAS 180 DAS
control (12.3%), at 30 days (34.5%) and even
higher at 180 days (59%). Control 185,7 a 0,0 a 12,3% b 39% a 19,268,4 a
Pictures 3 to 6 show the progress of the Mamull® 194,8 a 0,0 a 25,3% a 72,3% b 5,782,4 b
parasitismo of Mamull on the Diplodia seriata Effect of parasitism of Diplodia seriata pycnidium, treated with Mamull,. Number of total initial
pycnidiums. pycnidium/cm2 at the beginnings of the trial, and the percent of the parasitism 30 and 180 days
after spray (DAS*)and total conidia/cm2, are show. ** Letter with same letter show absence of statistical differences (T- Student P<0.05)

Picture 1: Embebed D. seriata pycnidium in Picture 2: Conidia produced by Diplodia seriata Picture 3 Trichoderma micelia growing over D.
grapewine pruning debris from pycnidium seriata pycnidium

Picture 4 partial coverture of pycnidium. Picture 5 perforation of the pycnidium Picture 6 Fully parasited Pycnidium