ANDI SUNYOTO

Penulisan Ilmiah
Metodologi Penelitian

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Sitasi dan Penulisan Referensi

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 Pengambilan Sitasi (Citation) ANDI SUNYOTO

• Citation atau sitasi adalah penggunaan referensi di teks atau

naskah tulisan ilmiah
• Penulisan sitasi tergantung dari standard (style) penulisan
referensi yang digunakan
• Usahakan sitasi dan referensi penelitian hanya diambil dari
journal ilmiah yang terindeks oleh SCOPUS atau ISI
• Pengambilan sitasi dari literature yang tidak berkualitas akan
mempengaruhi kualitas penelitian kita

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 Tahapan Pengambilan Citation ANDI SUNYOTO

1. Cari dan baca referensi penelitian yang berhubungan dengan

masalah penelitian
2. Ambil catatan dari apa yang kita baca. Ikuti aturan umum
pengambilan catatan (citation)
3. Atur susunan tinjauan pustaka (referensi) dari catatan yang kita
ambil dengan baik. Ikuti aturan umum penulisan referensi

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 Jenis Citation ANDI SUNYOTO

1. Kutipan (Quotation): Kata-kata yang diambil persis sama

dengan apa yang dituliskan (tanpa perubahan). Ditulis dalam
tanda kutip
2. Paraphrase: Menyusun kembali pemikiran penulis dan
mengungkapkannya dengan kata-kata sendiri
3. Ringkasan: Sari dari suatu tulisan
4. Evaluasi: Interpretasi dalam bentuk komentar, baik setuju atau
tidak dengan menyebutkan alasannya

(Beast & Kohn, 1998)

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 Konsep Dasar Penulisan ANDI SUNYOTO

• Kutipan itu tidak berarti bahwa satu paragraf kita copy-paste.

Praktek seperti ini tetap disebut plagiarism meskipun referensi
disebutkan
• Kutipan hanya untuk hal penting (hasil penelitian, teori, data,
model, definisi) dalam paper
• Segala kalimat yang tidak merujuk atau menunjuk ke kutipan,
berarti adalah tulisan karya sendiri
• Daftar referensi bukan daftar bacaan, tapi daftar rujukan atau
kutipan (dibaca langsung, bukan dari penulis ketiga)

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 Standard Penulisan Referensi ANDI SUNYOTO

1. APA Style
2. Harvard Style
3. Vancouver Style
4. IEEE Style
5. ISO Style

Menggunakan fitur references pada word processor akan

mempermudah pengaturan dan pengelolaan referensi pada
dokumen
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Struktur Umum Penulisan Ilmiah

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 Paper Structure (Elements of a manuscript) ANDI SUNYOTO

Title

Abstract

Keywords

Introduction

Methodology

Results Discussions Findings

Conclusion

References

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Judul Penelitian

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 Judul Penelitian ANDI SUNYOTO

• Judul penelitian sebaiknya singkat padat dan mewakili seluruh isi

penelitian kita
• Maksimal hanya terdiri dari 8-12 kata
• Tidak ada singkatan
• Tidak menggunakan kata-kata redundant (study on, research
on, dsb)
• Judul penelitian wajib memuat:
1. Metode yang Diusulkan
2. Tujuan Penelitan
3. Obyek Penelitian

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 Contoh Judul Penelitian ANDI SUNYOTO

Metode Tujuan Obyek

• Penerapan Algoritma Semut untuk Pemilihan Arsitektur Jaringan

pada Neural Network untuk Pengujian Software Metode
Blackbox
• Penerapan Algoritma A* yang Diperbaiki untuk Pencarian
Tempat Parkir Kosong di Mal dan Supermaket
• Penggabungan Forward Selection dan Backward Elimination
untuk Pemilihan Fitur pada Prediksi Mahasiswa DO dengan
menggunakan Algoritma C4.5

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 Penulis ANDI SUNYOTO

• Tanpa disertai gelar akademik

• Hanya yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan yang berhak
dicantumkan sebagai penulis
• Mencantumkan nama lembaga asal penulis
• Disertai alamat untuk korespondensi (alamat surat atau email
penulis)

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Abstrak Penelitian

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 Abstract - Elements ANDI SUNYOTO

• Statement of purpose: state the principal objectives & scope of the investigation
• Why did you choose to conduct this study?
• Why is the problem significant?
• What gap exists in previous literature that your research aims to fill?
• Methods or approach: describe the methodology employed
• What did you actually doto get your results?
• How did you do it? (For instance, mention whether you have conducted interviews,
analyzed novels or paintings, etc.)
• Results: summarize the results
• What did you learn or find as a result of conducting these procedures?
• Conclusions: state the principal conclusions
• How are your findings significant?
• What are the larger implications of your findings, and how do they relate to the gap in
research that you have identified?

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 Keywords ANDI SUNYOTO

• Use in the Title and Abstract for enhanced Search Engine

Optimization
• Think from the point of view of the reader. What keywords would
the reader search for that would help retrieve your article?
• Keywords should ideally be phrases of 2 4 words; single word
keywords are acceptable, but they may lead to many false matches.
• Keywords should contain words and phrases that suggest what the
topic is about. Also include words and phrases that are closely
related to your topic.
• Also use variants terms or phrases that readers are likely to use
• The full forms of shortened words or acronyms and abbreviations
should be included as well.

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Bab 1. Pendahuluan

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 Introduction ANDI SUNYOTO

• Provide a background of the study, why you have undertaken the study, the nature and
scope of the problem investigated
• Explains how the research will make a significant contribution to the field
• States the research question clearly
• A brief review of related literature
• Start giving a general literature review of similar research, then focus on those that more related to
your research work
• References are very much required here
• Limitations
• Identify and highlight other limitations (as much as possible)
• If there is not so much limitation, then you need to be creative
• Proposed technique/method of investigation
• A brief explanation of your proposed technique and how the limitations as identified can be
overcome
• Paper organization
• A brief information on how your paper is organized.

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Bab 2. Literature Review

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 What tense should I use when writing a literature review?
ANDI SUNYOTO

• Past tense
• If your focus is on the study itself or the people who studied it, then it is better
to use the past tense. In this case, the study would be the subject of your
sentence, "e.g., Jones (2013) reported that..." The past tense is most commonly
used and is also known as "the reporting tense."
• Present tense:
• If you are sharing your own views about a previous study, it might be better
to use the present tense, e.g., "Jones (2013) argues.
• Present perfect tense:
• Sometimes, the present perfect tense is used if the research you are referring
to is fairly recent , e.g., "Recent studies have demonstrated that...(Jones, 2015;
Pinto 2014)". It is also used to make generalizations about past research in an
area, e.g., "Several researchers have studied these stimuli...."

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Bab.3 Metode Penelitian

Dr. Andi Sunyoto, M.Kom

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 Methodology ANDI SUNYOTO

Method is like a roadmap leading to the core of the research, guiding the
readers through the actual journey the authors took to reach their destination.
Some ways of breaking the ice between Methods sections and the readers:•
• Explanations
• Usually each paragraph of subsection of the Method section talks about specific
experiment.
• Early in each paragraph, explain the rationale behind your choices of that particular
experiment .; for example, why you used a certain compound, a specific strain of
mice as the experimental model or the particular concentration of that key reagent.
• Visual Presentation
• To help the readers follow the study design or methodology better, visual elements
like the schematic diagram, flowchart, and table can be used in this section.
• They help in breaking the monotony and making the absorption of complex
information easy.

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Bab 4. Hasil dan Pembahasan

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 Results/discussion ANDI SUNYOTO

Demonstrate that you solved the Result

problem or made significant advances

Results: Summarized Data

• Should be clear and concise
• Use figures or tables with narrative
to illustrate findings Discussion

Discussion: Interprets the Results

• Why your research offers a new
solution
• Acknowledge any limitations

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 Result ANDI SUNYOTO

1) There is usually some kind of overall description of the

experiments, providing the “big
2) Present data

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 Discussion ANDI SUNYOTO

Purpose: to show the relationships among observed facts.

1. Try to present the principles, relationships, and generalizations
shown by the Results. And bear in mind, in a good Discussion, you
discuss; do not recapitulate the Results.
2. Point out any exceptions or any lack of correlation and define
unsettled points.
3. Show how your results and interpretations agree (or contrast) with
previously published work.
4. Don't be shy; discuss the theoretical implications of your work, as
well as any possible practical applications.
5. State your conclusions, as clearly as possible.
6. Summarize your evidence for each conclusion.

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Penutup
Dr. Andi Sunyoto, M.Kom

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 Conclusion ANDI SUNYOTO

• Explain what the research has achieved

• As it relates to the problem stated in the Introduction
• Revisit the key points in each section
• Include a summary of the main findings, important conclusions and
implications for the field
• Provide benefits and shortcomings of:
• The solution presented
• Your research and methodology
• Suggest future areas for research

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 References ANDI SUNYOTO

• Support and validate the

hypothesis your research proves,
disproves or resolves
• There is no limit to the number of
references
• But use only those that directly
support our work
• Ensure proper author attribution Properly
• Author name, article title publication citedmaterial
name, publisher, year published,
volume, chapter and page number
• IEEE journals generally follow a
citation numbering system

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