Complete Name:____________________________________________

I. Multiple Choice: encircle the letter with the correct answer

1. What is the molecule that carries genetic information in most living organisms? A)
RNA B) DNA C) Proteins
2. Genes are specific segments of: A) RNA B) Proteins C) DNA
3. How do alleles differ from each other? A) They code for different proteins. B) They
have the same function. C) They are located on different chromosomes.
4. Who is known for the principles of Mendelian genetics? A) Charles Darwin B)
Gregor Mendel C) Louis Pasteur
5. How many chromosomes do humans have in total? A) 46 B) 23 C) 26 Correct
6. What is the genotype of an organism? A) Its observable traits B) Its genetic makeup
C) Its dominant traits
7. What is the phenotype of an organism? A) Its observable traits B) Its genetic
makeup C) Its dominant traits
8. Genetic variation can occur through: A) Asexual reproduction B) Mutation C)
Dominance
9. Why is understanding genetic variation important for populations? A) It's not
important at all. B) It ensures that everyone has the same traits. C) It's essential for
evolution and adaptation.
10.Genetic disorders result from: A) Controlled breeding B) Mutations or abnormalities
in DNA C) Hybridization
11.Which Mendelian principle explains that an individual possesses two alleles for each
trait, one inherited from each parent? A) Principle of Segregation B) Principle of
Independent Assortment C) Principle of Dominance
12.The Principle of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different traits: A)
Segregate independently B) Always segregate together C) Are the same for all traits
13.The Principle of Dominance states that: A) Dominant alleles always express their
effects B) Recessive alleles always express their effects C) Alleles don't matter in
determining traits
14.Which of the following is not one of the three fundamental principles of genetics?
A) Principle of Isolation B) Principle of Independent Assortment C) Principle of
Dominance
15.In agriculture, the Principle of Segregation is important for: A) Understanding how
genes for different traits assort independently B) Selecting for and propagating
desirable traits C) Breeding for multiple traits simultaneously
16.How does the Principle of Independent Assortment relate to agriculture? A) It helps
breeders understand how genes for different traits segregate independently. B) It has
no relevance to agriculture. C) It ensures that all genes are inherited together.
17.When a dominant allele is present, what happens to the corresponding trait in the
phenotype? A) It's expressed in the phenotype. B) It's never expressed. C) It
becomes recessive.
18.In crop breeding, what is an example of applying the Principle of Segregation? A)
Creating hybrid crops with multiple traits B) Selecting parent plants with desirable
alleles C) Understanding how genes for different traits assort independently
19.Which of the following is an example of applying the Principle of Independent
Assortment in agriculture? A) Creating hybrid crops with multiple traits B) Selecting
 parent plants with desirable alleles C) Understanding how genes for different traits
segregate independently
20.How do breeders take advantage of the Principle of Independent Assortment in
creating hybrid crops? A) By crossing parent plants with desired alleles for each trait
B) By selecting only one allele for each trait C) By avoiding hybridization altogether
21.In livestock breeding, what does the Principle of Dominance help breeders do? A) It
helps breeders avoid selecting dominant traits. B) It helps breeders predict how
specific traits will be expressed in the phenotype. C) It has no relevance in livestock
breeding.
22.What trait in agriculture is often controlled by dominant alleles? A) Resistance to
pests B) Number of chromosomes
C) Color of leaves
23.In fruit tree breeding, breeders may aim to develop trees with traits like: A) Color of
bark B) Number of branches C) Disease resistance
24.How does the Principle of Dominance contribute to the development of more
productive agricultural systems? A) It ensures that all traits are recessive. B) It helps
breeders predict how specific traits will be expressed in the phenotype. C) It
prevents the expression of any traits.
25.Which of the following is NOT one of Mendel's principles of genetics? A) Principle
of Independent Assortment B) Principle of Dominance C) Principle of Mitosis
26.Which molecule carries genetic information in most living organisms? A) RNA B)
Protein C) DNA
27.What are the specific segments of DNA that code for particular proteins or
functional RNA molecules called? A) Chromosomes B) Alleles C) Genes Correct
28.How many chromosomes are inherited from each parent in humans? A) 23
chromosomes from each parent B) 46 chromosomes from each parent C) 23 pairs of
chromosomes
29.What is the genetic makeup of an organism called? A) Phenotype B) Genotype C)
Dominance
30.What is the observable trait or characteristic of an organism called? A) Genotype B)
Phenotype C) Chromosome
31.How do genetic variations occur in populations? A) Through selective breeding B)
Through mutations and differences in alleles C) Through dominance of certain traits
32.Which of the following does NOT result from mutations or abnormalities in DNA?
A) Genetic disorders B) Genetic variation C) Dominance of traits
33.Which of Mendel's principles explains how alleles for specific traits segregate
during gamete formation? A) Principle of Independent Assortment B) Principle of
Segregation C) Principle of Dominance
34.In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, what did he observe about the alleles for
flower color? A) They always segregate together. B) They segregate independently.
C) They are located on different chromosomes.
35.In cattle breeding, if a bull with a dominant allele for a desirable trait mates with a
cow carrying a recessive allele for that trait, what can be expected in the offspring?
A) All offspring will inherit the dominant allele. B) All offspring will inherit the
recessive allele. C) Some offspring will inherit the dominant allele.
 36.What does the Principle of Independent Assortment help breeders understand in
agriculture? A) How genes for different traits segregate independently B) How all
genes are inherited together C) How genes for the same trait segregate together
37.In crop hybridization, what do breeders aim to create by crossing different plant
varieties? A) Offspring with a single trait B) Offspring with a mix of desirable traits
C) Offspring with no traits
38.In fruit tree breeding, what traits do breeders often aim to develop? A) Traits
unrelated to fruit quality B) Disease resistance and adaptability to climates C) Traits
related to leaf color
39.How does the Principle of Dominance assist breeders in selecting plants and animals
with desired traits? A) It prevents the expression of any trait. B) It helps breeders
predict how specific traits will be expressed in the phenotype. C) It ensures that all
traits are recessive.
40.What is the molecule that carries genetic information in most living organisms? A)
RNA B) DNA C) Proteins
41.What are specific segments of DNA that code for particular proteins or functional
RNA molecules called? A) Chromosomes B) Alleles C) Genes
42.How many chromosomes are inherited from each parent in humans? A) 23
chromosomes from each parent B) 46 chromosomes from each parent C) 23 pairs of
chromosomes
43.What is the genetic makeup of an organism called? A) Phenotype B) Genotype C)
Dominance
44.What is the observable trait or characteristic of an organism called? A) Genotype B)
Phenotype C) Chromosome
45.How do genetic variations occur in populations? A) Through selective breeding B)
Through mutations and differences in alleles C) Through dominance of certain traits
46.Which of the following does NOT result from mutations or abnormalities in DNA?
A) Genetic disorders B) Genetic variation C) Dominance of traits
47.Which of Mendel's principles explains how alleles for specific traits segregate
during gamete formation? A) Principle of Independent Assortment B) Principle of
Segregation C) Principle of Dominance
48.In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, what did he observe about the alleles for
flower color? A) They always segregate together. B) They segregate independently.
C) They are located on different chromosomes.
49.In cattle breeding, if a bull with a dominant allele for a desirable trait mates with a
cow carrying a recessive allele for that trait, what can be expected in the offspring?
A) All offspring will inherit the dominant allele. B) All offspring will inherit the
recessive allele. C) Some offspring will inherit the dominant allele.
50.What does the Principle of Independent Assortment help breeders understand in
agriculture? A) How genes for different traits segregate independently B) How all
genes are inherited together C) How genes for the same trait segregate together

II. True or False: write “Gagraduate Ako” if the statement is correct and write
“Agri Tayo Dito” if the statement is false.

51.___________________DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information in most

living organisms.
52.___________________Genes are specific segments of RNA that code for particular
proteins.
53.___________________Humans inherit 46 chromosomes from each parent.
54.___________________Genotype refers to an organism's observable traits.
55.___________________Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can only be
induced by external factors.
56.___________________Genetic disorders always result from random mutations in an
individual's DNA.
57.____________________The Principle of Independent Assortment explains how
alleles for specific traits segregate during gamete formation.
58.___________________The Principle of Dominance states that recessive alleles
always express their effects in the phenotype.
59.___________________In agriculture, the Principle of Independent Assortment is
not relevant when breeding for multiple traits simultaneously.
60.______________________In crop hybridization, breeders aim to create offspring
with a single desirable trait.
61.______________________Disease resistance in agriculture is often controlled by
recessive alleles.
62._____________________The Principle of Dominance helps breeders predict how
specific traits will be expressed in the phenotype of the offspring.
63._____________________The phenotype of an organism refers to its genetic
makeup.
64._____________________Understanding genetic variation is not important for
evolution and adaptation in changing environments.
65._____________________Genetic principles have no applications in agriculture.
66.____________________The Principle of Segregation explains how genes for
different traits assort independently during gamete formation.
67._____________________In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, the alleles for
flower color always segregated independently.
68.___________________In livestock breeding, breeders aim to produce animals with
a single desirable characteristic.
69.___________________In crop breeding, breeders do not consider the Principle of
Dominance when selecting for traits.
70.____________________The Principle of Independent Assortment is irrelevant when
working with traits controlled by multiple genes.
71.____________________Mendel's principles of genetics include the Principle of
Isolation.
72.____________________All humans have the same alleles for each trait.
73.___________________The Principle of Dominance states that all alleles express
their effects in the phenotype.
74.___________________In agriculture, the Principle of Segregation is relevant for
understanding the assortment of alleles during gamete formation.
75._____________________Genetic variation is not important for the adaptation of
species to changing environments.
76.___________________Understanding genetic principles is irrelevant in the field of
agriculture.
77._____________________The Principle of Independent Assortment ensures that all
genes are inherited together.
78.____________________Crop hybridization aims to create offspring with a single
trait.
79.____________________Recessive alleles are always less common in populations
compared to dominant alleles.
80.___________________Genetic disorders can result from both inherited and random
mutations in an individual's DNA.
81.____________________Mendel's principles are no longer considered relevant in
modern genetics.
82._____________________In livestock breeding, breeders often aim to produce
animals with a single trait, ignoring all other characteristics.
83.______________________Genetic variation results only from external factors and
not from naturally occurring mutations.
84._____________________Mendel's principles of genetics include the Principle of
Hybridization.
85.______________________ In agriculture, breeders do not consider the Principle of
Dominance when selecting for traits.
86.______________________Genetic variation within a species has no impact on its
ability to adapt to environmental changes.
87.____________________Genetic disorders result only from inherited mutations and
not from random mutations in an individual's DNA.
88.____________________The Principle of Independent Assortment ensures that all
traits are inherited together.
89._____________________In crop breeding, breeders often aim to produce offspring
with no genetic variation.
90._____________________The Principle of Dominance ensures that all traits are
dominant in an organism.
91.______________________Mendel's principles of genetics include the Principle of
Randomness.
92.___________________The Principle of Independent Assortment explains how
alleles for the same trait segregate together during gamete formation.
93.____________________Genetic variation within a species has no relevance to its
ability to evolve.
94.___________________The Principle of Dominance guarantees that all traits are
equally expressed in an organism's phenotype.
95.___________________In agriculture, breeders aim to create offspring with a
complete absence of genetic variation.
96.____________________Genetic variation can occur only through external factors,
not spontaneously.
97.____________________Mendel's principles of genetics have no relevance in
modern genetic research.
98.______________________In livestock breeding, breeders often aim to produce
animals with no genetic variation.
99.____________________Genetic disorders are always the result of inherited
mutations and never random mutations.
 100. ____________________The Principle of Independent Assortment ensures
that genes for all traits are inherited together.
1. Correct Answer: False
2. Reason: The Principle of Independent Assortment explains that genes for
different traits segregate independently, not that all genes are inherited
together.

III. Enumeration:
101-110. what are some key principles of genetics:

111-113. what are the Three Fundamental Principles of Genetics

115-117. What are examples of the Principle of Segregation in agriculture:

118.120.What are examples of the Principle of Independent Assortment in agriculture:

121.125.What are examples of the Principle of Dominance in agriculture

Bunos.
Write John 3:16
Bunos
Write John 14:6