University of Cape Town : Department of Physics

PHY1023H
INFORMATION SHEET
1
Constant �⃗𝑡𝑡 2
𝐫𝐫⃗𝐟𝐟 = 𝐫𝐫⃗𝐢𝐢 + 𝐯𝐯�⃗𝐢𝐢 𝑡𝑡 + 2 𝐚𝐚 𝐯𝐯�⃗𝐟𝐟 = 𝐯𝐯�⃗𝐢𝐢 + 𝐚𝐚�⃗𝑡𝑡 𝑣𝑣f2 = 𝑣𝑣i2 + 2𝐚𝐚�⃗ ∙ ∆𝐫𝐫⃗
acceleration
𝐯𝐯�⃗B relative to C = 𝐯𝐯�⃗B relative to A + 𝐯𝐯�⃗A relative to C

𝑑𝑑𝐩𝐩�⃗ 𝑚𝑚1 𝑚𝑚2 1

Force Σ 𝐅𝐅⃗ = �⃗
= 𝑚𝑚𝐚𝐚 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐺𝐺 𝐹𝐹𝐷𝐷 = 𝐶𝐶 ρ𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑟𝑟 2 2
𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝜇𝑠𝑠 𝑁𝑁 𝑓𝑓𝑘𝑘 = 𝜇𝜇𝑘𝑘 𝑁𝑁 F = k∆L

Impulse &
momentum 𝑱𝑱⃗ = ∫ 𝐅𝐅⃑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 �⃑i + 𝑱𝑱⃗ = 𝐩𝐩
𝐩𝐩 �⃑f 𝑝𝑝⃗ = 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣⃗

Energy & 𝑊𝑊 = ∫ 𝐅𝐅⃗⋅ ����⃗

𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝 Ei + Wnc = Ef
work 1 1 1
KE = 2 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 KE𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 2 𝐼𝐼 ω2 PEg = mgh PE𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 2 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2

𝑣𝑣 2
Circular 𝑠𝑠 = 𝜃𝜃𝜃𝜃 𝑣𝑣 = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 𝑟𝑟
motion 1 2
𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 𝜃𝜃𝑓𝑓 = 𝜃𝜃𝑖𝑖 + 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡 + 2 𝛼𝛼𝑡𝑡 𝜔𝜔𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 2 + 2𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼
⃗
𝑑𝑑𝐋𝐋 𝑚𝑚1 ����⃗+𝑚𝑚
𝑟𝑟1 2 ����⃗+⋯
𝑟𝑟2
Στ⃗ = = 𝐼𝐼 α
�⃗ 𝜏𝜏⃗ = 𝑟𝑟⃗ × 𝐹𝐹⃗ 𝑟𝑟⃗𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = I = Σ mi ri 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑚𝑚1 +𝑚𝑚2 +⋯
�⃗ = 𝑟𝑟⃗ × 𝑝𝑝⃗
𝐿𝐿 (𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝) �⃗ = 𝐼𝐼𝜔𝜔
𝐿𝐿 �⃗ (𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏)
Rotational
motion Moments of inertia of rigid objects with uniform
Object Object
and axis Picture I and axis Picture I

Thin rod, 1 ML2 Cylinder or disk, 1 MR 2

about centre about centre
12 2

Thin rod, 1 ML2 Cylindrical hoop,

MR 2
about end about centre
3

Plane or slab, 1 Ma 2 Solid sphere, 2 MR 2

about centre about diameter 5
12

Plane or slab, 1 Ma 2 Spherical shell, 2 MR 2

about edge about diameter 3
3
Information Sheet 2 PHY1023H

𝟏𝟏
Fluids Q = Av ρAv = constant 𝑷𝑷 + 𝟐𝟐 𝝆𝝆𝒗𝒗𝟐𝟐 + 𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆𝝆 = constant
Simple 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙) 𝑣𝑣𝑥𝑥 (𝑡𝑡) = −𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙) 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 (𝑡𝑡) = −𝜔𝜔2 𝐴𝐴 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐(𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 + 𝜙𝜙)
harmonic 𝑘𝑘 𝐿𝐿 𝐼𝐼
motion 𝑥𝑥𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴𝑒𝑒 −𝑡𝑡/τ ω = �𝑚𝑚 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�𝑔𝑔 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋�𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑇𝑇𝐹𝐹 γ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑦𝑦(𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡) = 𝐴𝐴 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � 𝜆𝜆
± 𝑇𝑇
+ 𝜙𝜙� 𝑣𝑣𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = �𝑚𝑚/𝐿𝐿 𝑣𝑣𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 = � 𝑀𝑀
Travelling
𝑷𝑷 𝐼𝐼 𝒗𝒗𝒘𝒘 ± 𝒗𝒗𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐
waves & 𝒗𝒗 = 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝑰𝑰 = 𝟒𝟒𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝜷𝜷 = (10 dB) 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙10 �𝐼𝐼 � 𝒇𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 = 𝒇𝒇𝒔𝒔
sound 0 𝒗𝒗𝒘𝒘 ± 𝒗𝒗𝒔𝒔
where I0 = 10-12 W m-2

Superposition
𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑡
& standing 𝑦𝑦(𝑥𝑥, 𝑡𝑡) = 2𝐴𝐴 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 �2𝜋𝜋 �𝜆𝜆�� 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 �2𝜋𝜋 �𝑇𝑇�� 𝒇𝒇beat = |𝒇𝒇𝟏𝟏 − 𝒇𝒇𝟐𝟐 |
waves
�𝐴𝐴𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 −𝐴𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 � �𝐴𝐴𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 −𝐴𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 �
Digital: 𝑢𝑢(𝐴𝐴) = Analogue: 𝑢𝑢(𝐴𝐴) =
2√3 2√6
𝑢𝑢(𝑅𝑅) 𝑢𝑢(𝐴𝐴) 2 𝑢𝑢(𝐵𝐵) 2
Measurement R = c Aa B b = ��𝑎𝑎 � + �𝑏𝑏 � +⋯
𝑅𝑅 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
2 2
R = aA + bB + c 𝑢𝑢(𝑅𝑅) = �{𝑎𝑎 𝑢𝑢(𝐴𝐴)} + {𝑏𝑏 𝑢𝑢(𝐵𝐵)} + ⋯

VALUES

Acceleration due to gravity (g) 9.8 m s-2

Gravitational constant (G) 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg-2
Pressure of 1 atmosphere 1 atm = 101.3 × 103 Pa
Density of water at 1 atmosphere 1000 kg m-3

GEOMETRY & TRIGONOMETRY

4
Circle: 𝐴𝐴 = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 C = 2π r Sphere: 𝐴𝐴 = 4𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 𝑉𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐵𝐵
𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐶𝐶 𝑎𝑎
= 𝑏𝑏
h= o = h sinθ

VECTORS θ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡θ =
o
a = h cosθ a
𝑎𝑎⃗ ⋅ 𝑏𝑏�⃗ = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎𝑦𝑦 𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦 + 𝑎𝑎𝑧𝑧 𝑏𝑏𝑧𝑧 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝜃𝜃
𝑎𝑎⃗ × 𝑏𝑏�⃗ = −𝑏𝑏�⃗ × 𝑎𝑎⃗ = 𝚤𝚤̂�𝑎𝑎𝑦𝑦 𝑏𝑏𝑧𝑧 − 𝑎𝑎𝑧𝑧 𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦 � + 𝚥𝚥̂(𝑎𝑎𝑧𝑧 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑏𝑏𝑧𝑧 ) + 𝑘𝑘��𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦 − 𝑎𝑎𝑦𝑦 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 � �𝑎𝑎⃗ × 𝑏𝑏�⃗� = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝜃𝜃

DERIVATIVES
𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅 𝟏𝟏 𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅
(𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏 ) = 𝒏𝒏𝒙𝒙𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏 (𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍 𝒙𝒙) = (𝒆𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 ) = 𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒙𝒙 (𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙) = 𝒂𝒂 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒅𝒅
(𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙) = −𝒂𝒂 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅